ObjectiveTo explore the effects of Jingui Shenqiwan （JSW） and Liuwei Dihuangwan （LDW） on the reproductive ability and brain function of normal mice and compare the actions of the two medications. MethodsSeven groups of female and male mice were divided at a ratio of 2∶1. Except for the control group， the other six groups were as follows： a group of both males and females receiving JSW （3.0 g·kg^-1）， a group of both males and females receiving LDW （4.5 g·kg^-1）， a group of males receiving water and females receiving JSW， a group of males receiving water while females receiving LDW， a group of females receiving water while males receiving JSW， and a group of females receiving water while males receiving LDW. Each group was administered the drug for 14 days and then caged together at a 2∶1 （female∶male） ratio to detect the number of pregnant mice and calculate the pregnancy rate. Pregnant mice continued receiving the drug until they naturally gave birth， which was followed by the observation of newborn mice， calculation of their average number， and the measurement of the offspring's preference for sugar water and neonatal recognition index. At the end of the experiment， the weights of the thymus and spleen were measured to calculate the organ coefficients， and mRNA or protein expression was analyzed in the brain and testes or ovaries. A 1% sucrose solution was used to examine the euphoria of their brain reward systems， while novel object recognition test （NOR） was applied to assess their memory capabilities. mRNA expression was detected using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） assay， and protein expression was analyzed with Western blot. ResultsCompared with the control group， oral administration of JSW to both male and female mice for 14 days significantly increased the pregnancy rate of female mice on day 2 after being caged together （P<0.05）， while LDW showed a trend but no statistical significance. Additionally， compared with the control group， JSW could upregulate the gene expression of gonadotropin-releasing hormone （GnRH） in the thalamus， as well as reproductive stem cell factor （SCF） and tyrosine kinase receptor （c-Kit） in the testes and reproductive stem cell marker mouse vasa homologue （MVH） in the ovaries， upregulate the expression of proteins influencing neuronal functional activity， such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor （BDNF）， in hippocampal neurons （P<0.05）， and enhance sucrose preference in male mice （P<0.05）. Compared with the control group， JSW significantly increased sucrose preference and novel object recognition index in offspring mice （P<0.05）， which was related to the upregulation of hippocampal dopamine D1 receptor （D1R） and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor （Nmdar） gene expression. Compared with the control group， both JSW and LDW could upregulate the protein expression of glucocorticoid receptor （GR）， BDNF， and tyrosine kinase receptor B （TrkB） in the hippocampus of offspring mice （P<0.05）. ConclusionJSW significantly enhances the reproductive ability of normal mice， which is not only related to the release of gonadotropin but also associated with its regulation of brain function. Additionally， JSW has a certain regulatory effect on the brain function of the offspring mice.

ObjectiveTo observe the clinical efficacy and safety of Tangning Tongluo tablets in the treatment of nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy （DR）. MethodsFourteen research centers participated in this study， which spanned a time interval from September 2021 to May 2023. A total of 240 patients with nonproliferative DR were included and randomly assigned into an observation group （120 cases） and a control group （120 cases）. The observation group was treated with Tangning Tongluo tablets， and the control group with calcium dobesilate capsules. Both groups were treated for 24 consecutive weeks. The vision， DR progression rate， retinal microhemangioma， hemorrhage area， exudation area， glycosylated hemoglobin （HbA1c） level， and TCM syndrome score were assessed before and after treatment， and the safety was observed. ResultsThe vision changed in both groups after treatment （P<0.05）， and the observation group showed higher best corrected visual acuity （BCVA） than the control group （P<0.05）. The DR progression was slow with similar rates in the two groups. The fundus hemorrhage area and exudation area did not change significantly after treatment in both groups， while the observation group outperformed the control group in reducing the fundus hemorrhage area and exudation area. There was no significant difference in the number of microhemangiomas between the two groups before treatment. After treatment， the number of microhemangiomas decreased in both the observation group （Z=-1.437， P<0.05） and the control group （Z=-2.238， P<0.05）， and it showed no significant difference between the two groups. As the treatment time prolonged， the number of microhemangiomas gradually decreased in both groups. There was no significant difference in the HbA1c level between the two groups before treatment. After treatment， the decline in the HbA1c level showed no significant difference between the two groups. The TCM syndrome score did not have a statistically significant difference between the two groups before treatment. After treatment， neither the TCM syndrome score nor the response rate had significant difference between the two groups. With the extension of the treatment time， both groups showed amelioration of TCM syndrome compared with the baseline. ConclusionTangning Tongluo tablets are safe and effective in the treatment of nonproliferative DR， being capable of improving vision and reducing hemorrhage and exudation in the fundus.

Varicocele is a common disease of the male reproductive system, and the pampiniform plexus in the spermatic cord manifests abnormal dilatation, extension, and circuity, which is a vasculopathy. In this article, we believe that the relevance of the essence chamber collaterals to the spermatic vein in terms of anatomical morphology and physiological function is high and that when pathogenic qi invades the essence chamber, the qi and collaterals of the essence chamber are out of harmony, the fluid collaterals are impassable, and the blood collaterals are obstrcuted, and the essence chamber collaterals are blockaded with several pathological products, and even intermingled phlegm and blood stasis in the blood collaterals and form vascular clusters, resulting in the formation and development of varicocele. Based on this, this article proposes the core treatment principle of healing, harmonizing, activating, and dredging the collaterals, with the basic treatment method of nourishing qi and harmonizing collaterals, activating blood collaterals, and dredging blood stasis to, respectively treat degree Ⅰ, Ⅱ, and Ⅲ varicocele, aiming to prevent the change of the varicocele, dredge the curvature of the varicocele, and dissipate the knots of the varicocele. The proposal of essence chamber collaterals is of great significance to understanding the common law and pathological aspects of the occurrence and development of essence collateral and vascular lesions from the perspective of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine.

Objective To improve the efficiency and accuracy of videonystagmography calibration test results while enabling effective recognition of saccadic undershoot waveform by developing a dual-stream architecture-based deep learning model. Methods A vestibular function calibration test recognition model with cross-modal feature fusion was constructed by integrating vision transformer (ViT) and a modified ConvNeXt convolutional network. The model utilized trajectory pictures and spatial distribution maps as inputs, employed a multi-task learning framework to classify calibration data, and to directly evaluate undershoot waveform. Results The model showed outstanding performance in assessing calibration compliance. The accuracy, sensitivity, specificity of the model in left side, middle, and right side were all greater than 90%, and AUC values were all greater than 0.99, with 97.66% of optimal accuracy (middle), 98.98% of optimal sensitivity (middle), 96.87% of optimal specificity (right side), and 0.997 of AUC (right side). The model also showed promising performance in undershoot waveform recognition with 87.50% of accuracy, 89.66% of sensitivity, 85.71% of specificity, 86.67% of F1 score, and 0.931 of AUC. Conclusions The proposed method not only significantly enhances the efficiency and accuracy of calibration test results, but also provides a novel solution for undershoot waveform recognition.

Objective: To investigate the effects of poor sitting postures on muscle fatigue in schoolage children, so as to provide evidence for developing healthy sitting guidelines. Methods: In May 2024,30 children aged 6-12 were recruited from Changping District in Beijing. A combination of surface electromyography (sEMG) and psychophysical scales were used to assess muscle fatigue at varying deviation angles under four sitting postures (forward head tilt, lateral head tilt, uneven shoulder height, and forward trunk inclination). Oneway ANOVA and LSD post hoc multiple comparisons were employed to analyze the differences in electromyographic (EMG) data among various deviation angles under different sitting postures. Results: The mean integrated electromyography (IEMG) of representative muscles showed statistically significant differences (P<0.05) across deviation angles in all postures, with muscle fatigue worsening as deviation angles increased. Forward head tilt:significant IEMG differences were observed in the left/right sternocleidomastoid and left/right splenius capitis (F=13.74, 13.21, 5.43, 6.11,P<0.05). Lateral head tilt:significant differences were found in the right sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM), right splenius capitis, and left trapezius (F=5.13, 4.73, 12.13, P<0.05). Uneven shoulder height:significant differences occurred in the right SCM, bilateral splenius capitis, and left trapezius (F=12.46, 12.56, 32.49, 5.98, P<0.05).Forward trunk inclination, significant differences were identified in the left/right SCM, left/right splenius capitis, and left/right lumbar muscles (F=4.45, 9.84, 14.49, 26.44, 8.02, 18.34, P<0.01). Temporal analysis revealed varying fatigue onset times across postures:severe fatigue occurred earlier in lateral head tilt and forward trunk inclination, while excessive forward head tilt, lateral head tilt, and uneven shoulder postures predominantly induced mild to moderate fatigue. Conclusions Under different sitting postures, both the integrated IEMG of relevant muscles and subjective evaluations in schoolaged children increase with greater postural deviattion. Head tilt and trunkleaning postures require particular intervention, with emphasis on unevenshoulder alignment and trunk inclination control.

BACKGROUND:Numerous studies have shown that mechanical stimulation is essential for the lineage-specific differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.However,osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on surfaces with different roughnesses under mechanical stretching conditions is unknown. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects and action mechanisms of different roughness surfaces of polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)on osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells under stretching conditions. METHODS:Three morphologies with different roughnesses(PDMS-120M,PDMS-1000M,and PDMS-10000M)were constructed on PDMS surfaces by means of different grits of sandpaper(120 grits,1 000 grits and 10 000 grits),and PDMS surfaces in contact with air served as a control group.With different amplitudes of 0%,2%,4%,and 6%,osteogenesis-related gene expression of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on different PDMS surfaces under static and stretching conditions was detected by RT-qPCR.RT-qPCR and western blot assay were used to detect the expression of SIRT1 gene and protein as well as osteogenesis-related genes and proteins in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on different roughness surfaces under 2%stretching conditions.Alkaline phosphatase staining and alizarin red staining were further used to observe the osteogenic differentiation ability of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on different PDMS surfaces under 2%stretching conditions. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on the PDMS-1000M surface with a roughness of(13.51±2.11)μm had better osteogenic gene expression under static conditions.(2)Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on the PDMS surface in contact with air had better osteogenic differentiation under 4%stretching conditions,while bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on the PDMS-1000M surface had better osteogenic differentiation under 2%stretching conditions.(3)Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on the PDMS-1000M surface with a roughness of(13.51±2.11)μm had better osteogenic differentiation under 2%stretching conditions,which may be related to activation of SIRT1 signaling pathway.

ObjectiveTo explore the effect of Shenge Bushen Capsules （SBC） on sexual development in normal 3-week-old mice. MethodsThe experiment consisted of two parts. In the first part， mice were divided into four groups： The control group and the low， medium， and high-dose SBC groups （234.7， 469.4， 938.7 mg·kg^-1， respectively）. In the second part， mice were divided into four groups： Control group， Pseudostellariae Radix polysaccharide （PRP） group， total flavonoids group， and SBC group， all receiving a dose of 469.4 mg·kg^-1. After 7 days of administration， the vaginal opening of female mice and the descent of testes and scrotum in male mice， as well as the ovarian and testicular organ indices， were observed. After 4 weeks of administration， female and male mice were housed together for 2 days， and the pregnancy rate of females was monitored. After delivery， the pregnant female mice continued receiving the treatment for 4 weeks， and the sexual development of their offspring， including vaginal opening， testicular descent， and organ indices of ovaries and testes， was observed. Serum sex hormones were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）， and the expression of gonadotropin-releasing hormone （GnRH） and growth hormone （GH） proteins in the hypothalamus was assessed by Western blot. ResultsCompared with the control group， there was no significant effect on the vaginal opening of female mice or the descent of testes in male mice after 7 days of SBC administration. After 4 weeks of administration， the pregnancy rate in the low-dose group was significantly reduced （P<0.05）， but no significant effects were observed in the other groups. The three doses of SBC did not significantly affect the ovarian or testicular organ indices， and there was no significant upregulation in the expression of GnRH or GH in the hypothalamus. The primary component of SBC， Pseudostellariae Radix polysaccharide， significantly reduced the vaginal opening in female mice after 7 days of administration （P<0.05）. After 4 weeks， the serum estradiol levels of non-pregnant female mice were decreased （P<0.05）， but there was no significant effect on the expression of GnRH or GH proteins in the hypothalamus of either male or female mice. Additionally， there were no significant effects on precocious puberty indicators， such as vaginal opening and testicular descent， in the offspring mice. ConclusionSBC does not significantly promote precocious puberty in young mice， and it does not have any noticeable effects on the pregnancy rate of adult mice or the sexual development of their offspring.

The chemical constituents of the petroleum ether extract derived from the 90% ethanol extract of Elephantopus scaber were investigated. By silica gel column chromatography, C_(18), MCI column chromatography and semi-preparative high performance liquid chromatography, ten compounds were isolated. Their structures were identified as 3β-hydroxy-6β,7β-epoxytaraxeran-14-ene(1), 3β-hydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid(2), D-friedoolean-14-ene-3β,7α-diol(3), 3β-hydroxy-11α-methoxyolean-12-ene(4), 3β-hydroxyolean-11,13(18)-diene(5), 11α-hydroxy-β-amyrin(6), betulinic acid(7), 3β-hydroxy-30-norlupan-20-one(8), 6-acetonylchelerythrine(9), and 4',5'-dehydrodiodictyonema A(10) by analysis of the 1D NMR, 2D NMR, MS, and IR spectral data. Among them, compound 1 was a new triterpene and other compounds except compounds 2 and 7 were isolated from this plant for the first time.
Triterpenes/isolation & purification* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/isolation & purification* ; Molecular Structure ; Asteraceae/chemistry* ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Objective In traditional laboratory animal centers, there are issues such as low efficiency in cage scheduling, insufficient supervision of personnel behavior, and difficulty in upgrading aging equipment. This study aims to upgrade the information system of existing laboratory animal centers by applying multimodal large language model technology. This upgrade intends to achieve real-time perception of the status of animal cages, intelligent supervision of experimental personnel behavior, and automated processing of business workflows, thereby improving management efficiency and precision. Methods An AI-based approach for upgrading laboratory animal center informatization was proposed by the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine,compatible with different breeding equipments. The system architecture, from the bottom up, consisted of three layers: hardware layer, core algorithm layer, and application layer. The hardware layer was equipped with cameras and high-speed network transmission devices for collecting information on cages and personnel. The core algorithm layer utilized multi-stage image preprocessing technology and multimodal large language model recognition technology to extract and identify image information. The application layer integrated the recognition results with the existing information of the animal center to generate real-time cage occupancy heatmaps, which visually and clearly showed the density distribution of cage usage in the laboratory animal center. Results The AI-based management system achieved a cage recognition accuracy of 98.5% and a correct wearing identification rate of laboratory coats of 98.8%. The average image processing time was 3.7 seconds per image, the effective utilization rate of cages increased by 23%, and the turnover efficiency improved by 35%. In addition, the management system could track and warn against non-compliant behaviors in real time. After intelligent recognition, the system detected more violations, with the violation detection rate increasing by 90.6%. After continuous use for three months, the weekly average number of violations decreased by 54.0% compared to the baseline period. Conclusion This study applies multimodal large language model to the field of laboratory animal management, achieving real-time monitoring and automated management of cage identification, thereby improving management efficiency and precision. The system integrates multi-source data such as visual recognition and behavior analysis, establishing a comprehensive intelligent supervision system for experimental personnel. It provides research institutions with efficient, accurate, and cost-effective management tools, promoting the intelligent development of laboratory animal management.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by persistent inflammation and joint damage, accompanied by the accumulation of plasma cells, which contributes to its pathogenesis. Understanding the genetic alterations occurring during plasma cell differentiation in RA can deepen our comprehension of its pathogenesis and guide the development of targeted therapeutic interventions. Here, our study elucidates the intricate molecular mechanisms underlying plasma cell differentiation by demonstrating that PRDX1 interacts with DOK3 and modulates its degradation by the autophagy-lysosome pathway. This interaction results in the inhibition of plasma cell differentiation, thereby alleviating the progression of collagen-induced arthritis. Additionally, our investigation identifies Salvianolic acid B (SAB) as a potent small molecular glue-like compound that enhances the interaction between PRDX1 and DOK3, consequently impeding the progression of collagen-induced arthritis by inhibiting plasma cell differentiation. Collectively, these findings underscore the therapeutic potential of developing chemical stabilizers for the PRDX1-DOK3 complex in suppressing plasma cell differentiation for RA treatment and establish a theoretical basis for targeting PRDX1-protein interactions as specific therapeutic targets in various diseases.