BACKGROUND: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have the highest incidence of lung cancer which treatment principles are diagnosis and treatment as early as possible. Because of its insidious onset and lack of specific markers for early screening, most patients are at an advanced stage when diagnosed which results in a low 5-year survival rate and poor prognosis. Therefore Exploring a sensitive biomarker is the focus of current diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer. The aim of this study is to investigate the biological markers in serum of patients with I-IIb stage NSCLC by differential peptidomics analysis. METHODS: The serum peptidome was compared and analyzed among the groups of normal health controls, benign lung diseases and early stage NSCLC patients using a nano ultra-performance liquid chromatography combined with a quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometer. The differentially expressed polypeptides were identified and analyzed quantitatively to screen the tumor biomarkers for the early diagnosis of NSCLC patients. RESULTS: According to the Swiss-Prot database, a total of 545 polypeptides originated from 118 proteins were identified. The spectral numbers of serum polypeptides in each group were compared and a total of 201 polypeptides differentially expressed were found. Following a quantitative analysis of the above peptides, we found that there were 7 peptides with the coefficient of variation (CV) less than 30% and among them the peptide of QGAKIPKPEASFSPR from ITIH4 was down-regulated and the peptide of CDDYRLC from MGP was up-regulated in NSCLC group. CONCLUSIONS The tumor biomarkers obtained by serum peptidome technology can provide a new clue for early diagnosis of NSCLC and the specific peptides hydrolyzed from ITIH4 and MGP may be the serum biological markers for early NSCLC patients.
Adult ; Aged ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; blood ; chemistry ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; blood ; diagnosis ; Early Detection of Cancer ; Female ; Humans ; Lung ; pathology ; Lung Neoplasms ; blood ; diagnosis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Peptides ; blood ; chemistry ; Proteomics ; methods ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Young Adult

EGFR and KRAS mutations are two of the most common mutations that are present in lung cancer. Screening and detecting these mutations are of issue these days, and many different methods and tissue samples are currently used to effectively detect these two mutations. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the testing for EGFR and KRAS mutations by pyrosequencing method, and compared the yield of cytology versus histology specimens in a consecutive series of patients with lung cancer. We retrospectively reviewed EGFR and KRAS mutation results of 399 (patients with EGFR mutation test) and 323 patients (patients with KRAS mutation test) diagnosed with lung cancer in Konkuk University Medical Center from 2008 to 2014. Among them, 60 patients had received both EGFR and KRAS mutation studies. We compared the detection rate of EGFR and KRAS tests in cytology, biopsy, and resection specimens. EGFR and KRAS mutations were detected in 29.8% and 8.7% of total patients, and the positive mutation results of EGFR and KRAS were mutually exclusive. The detection rate of EGFR mutation in cytology was higher than non-cytology (biopsy or resection) materials (cytology: 48.5%, non-cytology: 26.1%), and the detection rate of KRAS mutation in cytology specimens was comparable to non-cytology specimens (cytology: 8.3%, non-cytology: 8.7%). We suggest that cytology specimens are good alternatives that can readily substitute tissue samples for testing both EGFR and KRAS mutations. Moreover, pyrosequencing method is highly sensitive in detecting EGFR and KRAS mutations in lung cancer patients.
Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/genetics/metabolism/*pathology ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; DNA, Neoplasm/chemistry/metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms/genetics/metabolism/*pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mutation ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor/*genetics/metabolism ; Retrospective Studies ; ras Proteins/*genetics/metabolism

A 48-year-old woman presented with a 50-day history of irregular vaginal bleeding and lower abdominal pain. Ultrasound indicated an extremely large occupying lesion in the pelvic cavity that was highly suggestive of malignancy. Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) was performed to further assess the nature of pelvic abnormality. PET/CT images demonstrated a diffusely lobulated mass ranging from cervix up to the inferior pole of kidneys with mild FDG uptake. Simultaneously, multiple nodules in bilateral lungs and a hypodense lesion in the right ventricle were shown without FDG-avidity. Based on the imaging results, the presumptive diagnosis was uterine intravenous leiomyomatosis with intracardiac extension and pulmonary benign metastases, which was subsequently confirmed by MRI and the lesion biopsy.
Female ; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18/chemistry ; Humans ; Leiomyoma/pathology/radiography ; Leiomyomatosis/pathology/*radiography ; Lung Neoplasms/radiography/*secondary ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Middle Aged ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Uterine Neoplasms/pathology/radiography ; Vena Cava, Inferior/pathology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of three major ginsenosides from mountain ginseng as anticancer substance and explore the underlying mechanism involved in lung cancer.

METHODSThe inhibitory proliferation of lung cancer by major five ginsenosides (Rb1, Rb2, Rg1, Rc, and Re) was examined using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay. Calculated 50% inhibition (IC50) values of five ginsenosides were determined and compared each other. Apoptosis by the treatment of single ginsenoside was performed by fluorescence-assisted cytometric spectroscopy. The alterations of apoptosis-related proteins were evaluated by Western blot analysis.

RESULTSThe abundance of ginsenosides in butanol extract of mountain ginseng (BX-MG) was revealed in the order of Rb1, Rg1, Re, Rc and Rb2. Among them, Rb1 was the most effective to lung cancer cell, followed by Rb2 and Rg1 on the basis of relative IC50 values of IMR90 versus A549 cell. The alterations of apoptotic proteins were confirmed in lung cancer A549 cells according to the administration of Rb1, Rb2 and Rg1. The expression levels of caspase-3 and caspase-8 were increased upon the treatment of three ginsenosides, however, the levels of caspase-9 and anti-apoptotic protein Bax were not changed.

CONCLUSIONMajor ginsenosides such as Rb1, Rb2 and Rg1 comprising BX-MG induced apoptosis in lung cancer cells via extrinsic apoptotic pathway rather than intrinsic mitochondrial pathway.

A549 Cells ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Blotting, Western ; Butanols ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cell Shape ; drug effects ; Cell Survival ; drug effects ; Flow Cytometry ; Ginsenosides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Inhibitory Concentration 50 ; Lung Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Panax ; chemistry ; Plant Extracts ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Staining and Labeling

Here we report a case of 41-year-old man with a soft tissue density mass at right upper lung and palpable abscesses at right upper backside and right wrist. ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography demonstrated a 7.8 × 5.0 cm mass with soft-tissue density in the upper lobe of the right lung with high metabolic activity. The infiltrative mass extended to adjacent chest wall soft tissue. Final diagnosis of pulmonary actinomycosis with multiple abscesses was made. The patient responded well to antibiotics treatment.
Abscess ; Actinomycosis/*diagnosis/drug therapy/microbiology ; Adult ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18/chemistry ; Humans ; Lung Diseases/*diagnosis/drug therapy/microbiology ; Lung Neoplasms/pathology ; Male ; *Positron-Emission Tomography ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

We report a rare case of primary pulmonary low-grade angiosarcoma on dynamic contrast-enhanced CT and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/CT imaging. A 38-year-old, asymptomatic woman was hospitalized because of an abnormality on chest radiography. A dynamic contrast-enhanced chest CT showed a 1.2 cm-sized irregular-margined nodule with strong and persistent enhancement in the right lower lobe. The lesion had low metabolic activity on an 18F-FDG PET/CT scan. The patient underwent a wedge resection for the lesion, and pathology revealed a primary pulmonary low-grade angiosarcoma.
Adult ; Female ; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18/*chemistry ; Hemangiosarcoma/*diagnosis/pathology/radiography ; Humans ; Ki-67 Antigen/metabolism ; Lung Neoplasms/*diagnosis/pathology/radiography ; Multimodal Imaging ; *Positron-Emission Tomography ; Radiopharmaceuticals/*chemistry ; Tomography, Spiral Computed

No abstract available.
Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis ; Biopsy ; Carcinosarcoma/chemistry/*secondary/surgery ; Chemoradiotherapy, Adjuvant ; Fatal Outcome ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lung Neoplasms/chemistry/*pathology/surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mouth Floor/chemistry/*pathology/surgery ; Mouth Neoplasms/chemistry/*secondary/surgery ; Pneumonectomy ; Time Factors ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Treatment Outcome

No abstract available.
Aged ; Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis ; Biopsy, Large-Core Needle ; Bone Neoplasms/chemistry/radiotherapy/*secondary ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lung Neoplasms/chemistry/*pathology/surgery ; Pneumonectomy ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Pulmonary Sclerosing Hemangioma/chemistry/radiotherapy/*secondary/surgery ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Treatment Outcome

Alternatively activated macrophages are more frequently involved in tumor growth, angiogenesis, and immunosuppression. A previous study showed that paeoniflorin, the major active constituent of Paeonia lactiflora Pallas, can inhibit tumor growth and lung metastases of Lewis lung tumor-bearing mice. This study tried to investigate whether paeoniflorin inhibited lung cancer metastasis by inhibiting the alternative activation of macrophages (M2 macrophage). Using a viability assay, the cytotoxicity of paeoniflorin on Lewis lung cancer cells and peritoneal macrophages were investigated. In vitro scratch wound and in vivo lung metastasis experiments were used to test the ability to inhibit the migration of paeoniflorin and the function of M2 macrophages. Flow cytometry was performed to test the cell cycle of Lewis lung cancer cells, and to test the M2 macrophages in peritoneal macrophages and subcutaneous transplantable tumor. It was found that paeoniflorin showed no inhibitory effect on the growth of Lewis lung cancer cells and peritoneal macrophages of mouse in vitro. Paeoniflorin could attenuate the migration of LLC stimulated by alternatively activated macrophages (stimulated for 24 h and 48 h, paeoniflorin 1, 3, 10, 30, 100 μmol·L(-1), P < 0.01 or P < 0.05 vs control group). Paeoniflorin could decrease the cell populations at S phases (paeoniflorin 10, 30, 100 μmol·L(-1), P < 0.05 vs control group) and increase the cell populations at G0-G1 phases of Lewis lung cancer cells (paeoniflorin 100 μmol·L(-1), P < 0.05 vs control group) and reduce the numbers of M2 macrophages in peritoneal macrophages induced by IL-4 (paeoniflorin 1, 3, 10, 30, 100 μmol·L(-1), P < 0.01 vs Control group). Paeoniflorin could reduce lung metastasis of Lewis lung cancer cells xenograft and decrease the numbers of M2 macrophages in subcutaneous xenograft tumour in vivo (paeoniflorin 20, 40 mg·kg(-1), P < 0.01 vs control group). These results suggest that paeoniflorin could reduce lung metastasis of Lewis lung cancer cells xenograft partly through inhibiting the alternative activation of macrophages.
Animals ; Cell Movement ; drug effects ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Down-Regulation ; drug effects ; Female ; Glucosides ; administration & dosage ; Humans ; Interleukin-4 ; immunology ; Lung Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; immunology ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Macrophages ; cytology ; drug effects ; immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Monoterpenes ; administration & dosage ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Paeonia ; chemistry

No abstract available.
Adenocarcinoma/chemistry/*drug therapy/secondary ; Adult ; Antineoplastic Agents/*therapeutic use ; Biopsy ; Carcinoma, Large Cell/chemistry/*pathology ; Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine/chemistry/*pathology ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/chemistry/*drug therapy/secondary ; *Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms/chemistry/*drug therapy/pathology ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors/*therapeutic use ; Quinazolines/*therapeutic use ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Treatment Outcome ; Tumor Markers, Biological/analysis