OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effectiveness of sagittal top compression reduction technique in the treatment of thoracolumbar vertebral fractures. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 59 patients with thoracolumbar vertebral fractures who met the selection criteria and were admitted between November 2018 and January 2022. Among them, 34 patients were treated with sagittal top compression reduction technique (top pressure group), and 25 patients were treated with traditional reduction technique (traditional group). There was no significant difference in baseline data between the two groups ( P>0.05), including gender, age, fracture segment, cause of injury, AO classification of thoracolumbar vertebral fractures, thoracolumbar injury classification and severity (TLICS) score, American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) grading, surgical approach, preoperative vertebral body index, height ratio of the anterior margin of injured vertebra, injured vertebra angle, segmental kyphosis angle, visual analogue scale (VAS) score, and Oswestry disability index (ODI). The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, and incidence of complications between the two groups were recorded and compared. After operation, VAS score and ODI were used to evaluate effectiveness, and X-ray and CT examinations were performed to measure imaging indicators such as vertebral body index, height ratio of the anterior margin of injured vertebra, injured vertebra angle, and segmental kyphosis angle. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in operation time and intraoperative blood loss between the two groups ( P>0.05). No complication such as dural sac, nerve root, or vascular injury was found during operation, and all incisions healed by first intention. Patients in both groups were followed up 6-48 months, with an average of 20.6 months. No loosening, breakage, or failure of internal fixation occurred during follow-up. The imaging indicators, VAS score, and ODI of the two groups significantly improved at 1 week and last follow-up when compared to preoperative ones ( P<0.05). At last follow-up, the VAS score and ODI further significantly improved when compared to 1 week after operation ( P<0.05). At 1 week after operation and last follow-up, the vertebral body index, segmental kyphosis angle, injured vertebra angle, and ODI in the top pressure group were significantly better than those in the traditional group ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference in VAS score and height ratio of the anterior margin of injured vertebra between the two groups at 1 week after operation ( P>0.05), but the two indicators in the top pressure group were significantly better than those in the traditional group at last follow-up ( P<0.05). CONCLUSION The treatment of thoracolumbar vertebral fractures with sagittal top compression reduction technique can significantly improve the quality of vertebral reduction, and is superior to traditional reduction techniques in relieving pain and improving spinal function.
Humans ; Thoracic Vertebrae/injuries* ; Lumbar Vertebrae/injuries* ; Retrospective Studies ; Blood Loss, Surgical ; Treatment Outcome ; Pedicle Screws ; Spinal Fractures/surgery* ; Kyphosis ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; Fractures, Compression/surgery*

OBJECTIVE: To explore the feasibility and accuracy of ultrasound volume navigation (UVN) combined with X-ray fluoroscopy-guided percutaneous pedicle screw implantation through a prospective randomized controlled study. METHODS: Patients with thoracic and lumbar vertebral fractures scheduled for percutaneous pedicle screw fixation between January 2022 and January 2023 were enrolled. Among them, 60 patients met the selection criteria and were included in the study. There were 28 males and 32 females, with an average age of 49.5 years (range, 29-60 years). The cause of injury included 20 cases of traffic accidents, 21 cases of falls, 17 cases of slips, and 2 cases of heavy object impact. The interval from injury to hospital admission ranged from 1 to 5 days (mean, 1.57 days). The fracture located at T ₁₂ in 15 cases, L ₁ in 20 cases, L ₂ in 19 cases, and L ₃ in 6 cases. The study used each patient as their own control, randomly guiding pedicle screw implantation using UVN combined with X-ray fluoroscopy on one side of the vertebral body and the adjacent segment (trial group), while the other side was implanted under X-ray fluoroscopy (control group). A total of 4 screws and 2 rods were implanted in each patient. The implantation time and fluoroscopy frequency during implantation of each screw, angle deviation and distance deviation between actual and preoperative planned trajectory by imaging examination, and the occurrence of zygapophysial joint invasion were recorded. RESULTS: In terms of screw implantation time, fluoroscopy frequency, angle deviation, distance deviation, and incidence of zygapophysial joint invasion, the trial group showed superior results compared to the control group, and the differences were significant ( P<0.05). CONCLUSION UVN combined with X-ray fluoroscopy-guided percutaneous pedicle screw implantation can yreduce screw implantation time, adjust dynamically, reduce operational difficulty, and reduce radiation damage.
Male ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Pedicle Screws ; Prospective Studies ; X-Rays ; Surgery, Computer-Assisted/methods* ; Spinal Fusion/methods* ; Fluoroscopy/methods* ; Lumbar Vertebrae/injuries*

OBJECTIVE: To explore the safety and effectiveness of one-stage posterior eggshell osteotomy and long-segment pedicle screw fixation in the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis kyphosis combined with acute thoracolumbar vertebral fracture. METHODS: A clinical data of 20 patients with ankylosing spondylitis kyphosis combined with acute thoracolumbar spine fracture, who were treated with one-stage posterior eggshell osteotomy and long-segment pedicle screw fixation between April 2016 and January 2022, was retrospectively analyzed. Among them, 16 cases were male and 4 cases were female; their ages ranged from 32 to 68 years, with an average of 45.9 years. The causes of injury included 10 cases of sprain, 8 cases of fall, and 2 cases of falling from height. The time from injury to operation ranged from 1 to 12 days, with an average of 7.1 days. The injured segment was T ₁₁ in 2 cases, T ₁₂ in 2 cases, L ₁ in 6 cases, and L ₂ in 10 cases. X-ray film and CT showed that the patients had characteristic imaging manifestations of ankylosing spondylitis, and the fracture lines were involved in the anterior, middle, and posterior columns and accompanied by different degrees of kyphosis and vertebral compression; and MRI showed that 12 patients had different degrees of nerve injuries. The operation time, intraoperative bleeding, intra- and post-operative complications were recorded. The visual analogue scale (VAS) score and Oswestry disability index (ODI) were used to evaluate the low back pain and quality of life, and the American spinal cord injury association (ASIA) classification was used to evaluate the neurological function. X-ray films were taken, and local Cobb angle (LCA) and sagittal vertical axis (SVA) were measured to evaluate the correction of the kyphosis. RESULTS: All operations were successfully completed and the operation time ranged from 127 to 254 minutes (mean, 176.3 minutes). The amount of intraoperative bleeding ranged from 400 to 950 mL (mean, 722.5 mL). One case of dural sac tear occurred during operation, and no cerebrospinal fluid leakage occurred after repair, and the rest of the patients did not suffer from neurological and vascular injuries, cerebrospinal fluid leakage, and other related complications during operation. All incisions healed by first intention without infection or fat liquefaction. All patients were followed up 8-16 months (mean, 12.5 months). The VAS score, ODI, LCA, and SVA at 3 days after operation and last follow-up significantly improved when compared with those before operation ( P<0.05), and the difference between 3 days after operation and last follow-up was not significant ( P>0.05). The ASIA grading of neurological function at last follow-up also significantly improved when compared with that before operation ( P<0.05), including 17 cases of grade E and 3 cases of grade D. At last follow-up, all bone grafts achieved bone fusion, and no complications such as loosening, breaking of internal fixation, and pseudoarthrosis occurred. CONCLUSION One-stage posterior eggshell osteotomy and long-segment pedicle screw fixation is an effective surgical procedure for ankylosing spondylitis kyphosis combined with acute thoracolumbar vertebral fracture. It can significantly relieve patients' clinical symptoms and to some extent, alleviate the local kyphotic deformity.
Humans ; Male ; Female ; Animals ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Spinal Fractures/surgery* ; Pedicle Screws ; Spondylitis, Ankylosing/surgery* ; Quality of Life ; Retrospective Studies ; Egg Shell/injuries* ; Thoracic Vertebrae/injuries* ; Lumbar Vertebrae/injuries* ; Kyphosis/surgery* ; Osteotomy ; Fracture Fixation, Internal/methods* ; Fractures, Compression/surgery* ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical efficacy of percutaneous screw fixation combined with minimally invasive transpedicular bone grafting and non-bone grafting in the treatment of thoracolumbar fractures. METHODS: From Janury 2021 to June 2022, 40 patients with thoracolumbar fracture were divided into the experimental group and the control group. There were 26 patients in the experimental group, including 21 males and 5 females with an aberage age of (47.3±12.3) years old, who underwent percutaneous pedicle screw fixation combined with transpedicular autogenous bone grafting. In the control group, 14 patients received percutaneous pedicle screw fixation only. including 7 makes and 7 females with an average age of (50.2±11.2) years old. The operative time, intraoperative blood loss, anterior height ratio of injured vertebrae, Cobb angle, visual analogue score (VAS), MacNab scores, loosening or broken of the implants. were compared and analyzed. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in operation time, intraoperative blood loss, VAS and anterior height ratio of injured vertebrae between the two groups. Compared with the preoperative results, VAS and anterior height ratio of injured vertebrae were improved statistically(P<0.05). For Cobb angle of injured vertebra, there was no significant difference between the two groups before surgery (P=0.766). While at 1 week, 3 months and 12 months after surgery, there were statistically differences between the two groups (P values were 0.042, 0.007 and 0.039, respectively). The Cobb angle of injured vertebrae one year after operation was statistically decreased in both groups compared with that before surgery (P<0.001). One year after surgery, the excellent and good rate of Macnab scores was 96.15% in the experimental group and 92.86% in the control group, and there was no statistical differences between the two groups (P=0.648). There was one patient in the control group suffering superficial wound infection on the third day, which was cured by dressing change and anti-infection treatment. There were no postoperative screw loosening and broken in both groups. CONCLUSION The two surgical methods have the advantages of less trauma, less pain and quicker recovery, which can restore the height of the injured vertebra, reconstruct the spinal sequence and reduce the fracture of the vertebral body. Transpedicular autogenous bone grafting can increase the stability of the fractured vertebra and maintain the height of the vertebra better after surgery, thus reducing the possibility of complications such as kyphosis, screw loosening and broken.
Male ; Female ; Humans ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Pedicle Screws ; Bone Transplantation ; Blood Loss, Surgical ; Lumbar Vertebrae/injuries* ; Thoracic Vertebrae/injuries* ; Fracture Fixation, Internal/methods* ; Spinal Fractures/surgery* ; Treatment Outcome ; Retrospective Studies

Spondyloptosis in the clinic is rarely reported. We herein present a 47-year-old female, who suffered from a crush injury directly by a heavy cylindrical object from the lateral side. She was diagnosed to have traumatic L₃ spondyloptosis with multiple traumas. Staged surgical procedures were conducted and a three-year follow-up was obtained. Eventually, normal spinal alignment was restored, and neurological deficits were gradually improved. At three years follow-up, the motor strength scores and function of the sphincters were incompletely improved. Previously published reports on traumatic lumbar spondyloptosis were reviewed and several critical points for management of this severe type of spinal injury were proposed. First, thoracolumbar and lumbosacral junction were mostly predilection sites. Second, numerous patients involving traumatic lumbar spondyloptosis were achieved to American Spinal Injury Association grade A. Third, lumbar spondyloptosis was commonly coupling with cauda equina injury. Finally, the outcomes were still with poorly prognosis and recovery of patients was correlation to spondyloptosis severity. Based on this case report and literatures review, we highlighted that the spinal alignment restoration relying on staged operations and following rehabilitation hereof are both important once facing with multiple traumas. Furthermore, we suggested to perform routine CT angiography during lumbar spondyloptosis to justify whether there are large vessel compression or injury.
Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Lumbar Vertebrae/injuries* ; Spondylolisthesis/surgery* ; Spinal Injuries ; Multiple Trauma/complications*

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the early clinical efficacy of robot-assisted percutaneous short-segment bone cement-augmented pedicle screw fixation in the treatment of stageⅡ-Ⅲ Kümmell disease. METHODS: The clinical data of 20 patients with stageⅡ-Ⅲ Kümmell's disease who underwent robot-assisted percutaneous bone cement-augmented pedicle screw fixation between June 2017 and January 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 4 males and 16 females, aged from 60 to 81 years old with an average age of (69.1±8.3) years. There were 9 cases of stageⅡand 11 cases of stage Ⅲ, all of which were single vertebral lesions, including 3 cases of T₁₁, 5 cases of T₁₂, 8 cases of L₁, 3 cases of L₂, and 1 case of L₃. These patients did not exhibit symptoms of spinal cord injury. The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, and complications were recorded. The position of pedicle screws and the filling and leakage of bone cement in gaps were observed using postoperative CT 2D reconstruction. The data of the visual analogue scale (VAS), Oswestry disability index (ODI), kyphosis Cobb angle, wedge angle of the diseased vertebra, and anterior and posterior vertebral height on lateral radiographs were statistically analyzed preoperatively, 1 week postoperatively, and at the final follow-up. RESULTS: Twenty patients were followed up for 10 to 26 months, with an average follow-up of (16.0±5.1) months. All operations were successfully completed. The surgical duration ranged from 98 to 160 minutes, with an average of (122±24) minutes. The intraoperative blood loss ranged from 25 to 95 ml, with an average of (45±20) ml. There were no intraoperative vascular nerve injuries. A total of 120 screws were inserted in this group, including 111 screws at grade A and 9 screws at grade B according to the Gertzbein and Robbins scales. Postoperative CT indicated that the bone cement was well-filled in the diseased vertebra, and cement leakage occurred in 4 cases. Preoperative VAS and ODI were (6.05±0.18) points and (71.10±5.37)%, respectively, (2.05±0.14) points and (18.57±2.77)% at 1 week after operation, and (1.35±0.11) points and (15.71±2.12) % at final follow-up. There were significant differences between postoperative 1 week and preoperative, and between final follow-up and postoperative 1 week(P<0.01). Anterior and posterior vertebral height, kyphosis Cobb angle, and wedge angle of the diseased vertebra were(45.07±1.06)%, (82.02±2.11)%, (19.49±0.77) °, and (17.56±0.94) ° preoperatively, respectively, (77.00±0.99)%, (83.04±2.02)%, (7.34±0.56) °, and (6.15±0.52) ° at 1 week postoperatively, and (75.13±0.86)%, (82.39±0.45)%, (8.38±0.63) °, and (7.09±0.59) ° at the final follow-up. CONCLUSION Robot-assisted percutaneous short-segment bone cement-augmented pedicle screw fixation demonstrates satisfactory short-term efficacy in treating stageⅡ-Ⅲ Kümmell's disease as an effective minimally invasive alternative. However, longer operation times and strict patient selection criteria are necessary, and long-term follow-up is required to determine its lasting effectiveness.
Male ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Pedicle Screws ; Bone Cements ; Robotics ; Blood Loss, Surgical ; Retrospective Studies ; Spinal Fractures/surgery* ; Lumbar Vertebrae/injuries* ; Treatment Outcome ; Kyphosis ; Thoracic Vertebrae/injuries* ; Fracture Fixation, Internal

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinical characteristics of intervertebral disc tissue injury and herniation into the vertebral body in thoracolumbar fracture on fracture healing, vertebral bone defect volume and intervertebral space height. METHODS: From April 2016 to April 2020, a total of 140 patients with thoracolumbar single vertebral fracture combined with upper intervertebral disc injury treated with pedicle screw rod system reduction and internal fixation in our hospital. There were 83 males and 57 females, aged from 19 to 58 years old, with an average age of (39.33±10.26) years old. All patients were followed up regularly 6 months, 12 months and 18 months after surgery. The patients with injured intervertebral disc tissue not herniated into the fractured vertebral body were the control group, and the patients with injured intervertebral disc and herniated into the fractured vertebral body were the observation group. By detecting the thoracolumbar AP and lateral X-ray films, CT and MRI of the thoracolumbar segment at different follow-up time, calculate the changes of the wedge angle of the fractured vertebral body, the sagittal kyphosis angle and the height of the superior adjacent intervertebral space, the changes of the fracture healing and bone defect volume after the reduction of the vertebral body, and the changes of the intervertebral disc degeneration grade. The prognosis was evaluated by visual analogue scale(VAS) and Oswestry disability index(ODI). Finally, the differences of the above results among different groups were comprehensively analyzed. RESULTS: All the patients had normal wound healing without complications. A total of 87 patients received complete follow-up data, at least 18 months after internal fixation. Thoracolumbar AP and lateral X-ray films showed that 18 months after the reduction and internal fixation operation, the vertebral wedge angle, sagittal kyphosis angle and the height of the upper adjacent intervertebral space in the observation group were greater than those in the control group(P<0.05). CT scanning showed that the deformity of the fracture healed 12 months after the vertebral body reduction in the observation group and formed a "cavity" of bone defect connected with the intervertebral space, and its volume was significantly increased compared with that before (P<0.05). MRI scanning showed that the degeneration rate of injured intervertebral discs in the observation group was more serious than that in the control group 12 months after operation(P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in VAS and ODI score at each time. CONCLUSION Herniation of injured intervertebral disc tissue hernias into the fractured vertebral body leads to increased bone resorption defect volume around the fracture and forms a malunion "cavity" connected with the intervertebral space. This may be the main reason for the change of vertebral wedge angle, the increase of sagittal kyphosis angle and the decrease of intervertebral space height after removal of internal fixation devices.
Male ; Female ; Humans ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult ; Vertebral Body/injuries* ; Lumbar Vertebrae/injuries* ; Thoracic Vertebrae/injuries* ; Treatment Outcome ; Fractures, Bone ; Spinal Fractures/surgery* ; Fracture Fixation, Internal/methods* ; Pedicle Screws ; Kyphosis/surgery* ; Intervertebral Disc/surgery* ; Hernia ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical efficacy of percutaneous vertebroplasty(PVP) combined with nerve block in the treatment of lumbar osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures under the guidance of traditional chinese medicine "theory of equal emphasis on muscle and bone". METHODS: Total of 115 patients with lumbar osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures were treated by percutaneous vertebroplasty from January 2015 to March 2022, including 51 males and 64 females, aged 25 to 86 (60.5±15.9) years. Among them, 48 cases were treated with PVP operation combined with erector spinae block and joint block of the injured vertebral articular eminence (intervention group), and 67 cases were treated with conventional PVP operation (control group). The visual analogue scale(VAS) and Oswestry disability index(ODI) before operation, 3 days, 1 month and 6 months after operation between two groups were evaluated. The operation time, number of punctures and intraoperative bleeding between two groups were compared. RESULTS: The VAS and ODI scores of both groups improved significantly after operation compared with those before operation(P<0.05). Moreover, the VAS and ODI scores of 3 days and 1 month after operation of the intervention group improved more significantly than that of the control group(P<0.05). The difference of VAS and ODI scores before operation and 6 months after operation between two groups had no statistical significances(P>0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the number of punctures and intraoperative bleeding between the two groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSION Based on the theory of "equal emphasis on muscles and bones", PVP combined with nerve block can effectively relieve paravertebral soft tissue spasm and other "muscle injuries", which can significantly improve short-term postoperative low back pain and lumbar spine mobility compared to conventional PVP treatment, and accelerate postoperative recovery, resulting in satisfactory clinical outcomes.
Male ; Female ; Humans ; Fractures, Compression/surgery* ; Vertebroplasty/methods* ; Spinal Fractures/surgery* ; Spinal Puncture ; Lumbar Vertebrae/injuries* ; Muscles ; Treatment Outcome ; Osteoporotic Fractures/surgery* ; Retrospective Studies ; Bone Cements

OBJECTIVE: According to the characteristics of spinal burst fractures in high-altitude areas and the local medical conditions, to explore the clinical efficacy of short-segment fixation with pedicle screws combined with screw placement in injured vertebrae in the treatment of thoracolumbar burst fractures. METHODS: From August 2018 to December 2021, 12 patients with single-vertebral thoracolumbar burst fractures without neurological symptoms were treated with injured vertebral screw placement technique, including 7 males and 5 females;aged 29 to 54 years old, with an average of(42.50±7.95) years old;6 cases of traffic accident injury, 4 cases of high fall injury, 2 cases of heavy object injury;2 cases of T₁₁, 4 cases of T₁₂, 3 cases of L₁, 2 cases of L₂, and 1 case of L₃. In the operation, screws were first placed in the upper and lower vertebrae of the fracture, pedicle screws were placed in the injured vertebra, and connecting rods were installed, and the fractured vertebral body was reset by positioning and distraction. Visual analogue scale (VAS) and Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) scoring were used to evaluate the changes in pain and quality of life of patients, and the kyphotic correction rate and correction loss rate of the injured segment were measured by X-ray. RESULTS: All operations were successful without significant intraoperative complications. All 12 patients were followed up, the duration ranged from 9 to 27 months, with an mean of (17.75±5.79) months. VAS at 3 days after operation was significantly higher than that at admission (t=6.701, P=0.000). There was significant difference in JOA score between 9 months after operation and at admission (t=5.085, P=0.000). Three days after operation, Cobb angle was (4.42±1.16)°, and the correction rate was (82±5)% compared with (25.67±5.71)° at admission. Cobb angle was (5.08±1.24) °at 9 months after operation, with a corrected loss rate of (16±13)%. No loosening or breakage of internal fixation was found. CONCLUSION Under the high-altitude hypobaric and hypoxic environment, the effect of the operation should be ensured while reducing the trauma. The application of the technique of placing screws on the injured vertebra can effectively restore and maintain the height of the injured vertebra, with less bleeding and shorter fixed segments, which is an effective method.
Male ; Female ; Humans ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Pedicle Screws ; Altitude ; Quality of Life ; Lumbar Vertebrae/injuries* ; Thoracic Vertebrae/injuries* ; Spinal Fractures/surgery* ; Fracture Fixation, Internal/methods* ; Fractures, Compression ; Treatment Outcome ; Fractures, Comminuted

OBJECTIVE: To explore effect of short-segment pedicle screw internal fixation combined with hyperbaric oxygen in treating acute spinal fractures and its influence on recovery of spinal nerve function. METHODS: A total of 96 patients with acute spinal fracture admitted from February 2017 to March 2020 were divided into combined group and control group, with 48 cases in each group. Both groups were treated with short-segment pedicle screw internal fixation. The combined group was given hyperbaric oxygen after surgery. The operation time, surgical blood loss, incision length and other general operation conditions between two groups were recorded. The differences in spinal morphology and function, Ameraican Spinal Injury Assiciation(ASIA) neurological function grade, serum inflammatory factors and ability of daily living activities were observed before and after surgery. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in operation time, surgical blood loss, and incision length between combined group and control group(P>0.05). There were no significant differences in anterior height ratio and Cobb angle between two groups before surgery, 1 week and 6 months after surgery(P>0.05). The height ratio of anterior margin of the injured spine was significantly improved in both groups at 1 week and 6 months after surgery compared with preoperative period (P<0.05), and Cobb angle was significantly reduced in both groups compared with preoperative period (P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in serum interleukin-6(IL-6), interleukin-8(IL-8), and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) levels between two groups at 1 d after surgery(P>0.05);the serum IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α levels of combined group were lower than those of control group at 1 week after surgery (P<0.05). At 6 months after surgery, ASIA neurological function grade of combined group was C grade in 2 cases, D grade in 23 cases, E grade in 22 cases. In control group, 7 cases was grade C, 26 cases was grade D, 13 cases was grade E, and the difference between two groups was statistically significant(P<0.05). The Barthel score of combined group was higher than that of control group at 1 month and 3 months after surgery, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05);at 6 months after surgery, there was no significant difference in Barthel score between two groups(P>0.05). CONCLUSION Short-segment pedicle screw internal fixation combined with hyperbaric oxygen for the treatment of acute spinal fractures is beneficial to the recovery of spinal nerve function after surgery, and has a certain effect on the early improvement of the patients' activities of daily living.
Activities of Daily Living ; Blood Loss, Surgical ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; Humans ; Hyperbaric Oxygenation ; Interleukin-6 ; Interleukin-8 ; Lumbar Vertebrae/surgery* ; Oxygen ; Pedicle Screws ; Retrospective Studies ; Spinal Fractures/surgery* ; Thoracic Vertebrae/injuries* ; Treatment Outcome ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha