Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is a rare, potentially fatal genetic disorder characterized by an unexplained elevation of expired carbon dioxide despite increased minute ventilation, muscle rigidity, and rhabdomyolysis, hyperthermia, tachycardia, acidosis, and hyperkalemia. It can be triggered by many pharmacological agents such as potent inhalation agents (halothane/ isoflurane/ sevoflurane/ desflurane), the depolarizing muscle relaxant (succinylcholine), and extreme physiological conditions such as vigorous exercise and working excessively in a hot and dry environment. Prompt and early recognition of the condition and rapid initiation of treatment measures are necessary to salvage the patient. Since MH is commonly encountered in the operating room or early postoperative period, anesthetists and surgeons need to keep themselves updated regarding the same. This review article aims to summarize our understanding of MH's pathophysiology, current diagnostics, management, and treatment strategies, along with a brief review of literature of published cases in Indian Subcontinent.

Objective: Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are benign congenital lesions. The estimated prevalence is 10-18 per 100,000 individuals, with an incidence rate of 1.1-1.4 per 100,000 person-year; only 12% of AVMs present symptoms during life. It is important to study different characteristics associated with AVMs because these patients require multidisciplinary treatment. Methods: A descriptive, observational, longitudinal, and retrospective study was carried out from January 15, 2016 to October 19, 2021. Convenience sampling was used on patients diagnosed with arteriovenous malformation. Sociodemographic data was obtained, such as: sex, age, site, predominant symptoms, clinical debut, type of malformation, data associated with post therapy evolution, type of embolizing agent used, associated complications, Rankin scale, and death. Results: Data from 535 procedures was collected, we calculated an incidence of 4.4 cases per million inhabitants. Ninety procedures in 56 patients that used endovascular therapy were obtained with a female-male ratio of 0.75 and an age distribution of 35±14 (SD). A 36.3±11.5 (SD) mm diameter was registered. There was a 33% success rate for endovascular surgery. Conclusions The multidisciplinary treatment of AVMs is made up of three pillar techniques: microsurgical resection, embolization, and radio-neurosurgery. It is extremely important to make an appropriate decision, with an emphasis on achieving better functional outcomes for the patient. Although neurological endovascular therapy was initially used as an adjuvant treatment for neurosurgery and radio-neurosurgery, it has been used more and more frequently as the first line of treatment.

Historically, obesity has been identified as one of the most important risk factors for developing cardiovascular diseases including stroke; however, a theory called “The Obesity Paradox” has been recently considered. The paradoxical theory is that obese or overweight patients (according to body mass index score) can have better outcomes compared to leaner or malnourished patients. The paradox was initially discovered in patients with heart failure. The purpose of this manuscript was to investigate whether this paradox also applies to stroke patients, according to information available in the current literature.

Flow diverters have become a critical instrument for complex aneurysms treatment. However, limited data are currently available regarding short and long-term outcomes for the Silk flow diverter. The objective of the study is to determine neurological prognosis and mortality rates for the Silk flow diversion device used in intracranial aneurysms. A systematic review with meta-analysis was performed using databases. The following descriptors were used for the search: “SILK”, “Flow Diverter”, “Mortality”, and “Prognosis”. The following data were extracted: mortality, good functional outcome, Glasgow outcome scale, complete or near-complete occlusion rates, rate of retreatment, and complications (thromboembolic and hemorrhagic complications). A total of 14 studies were selected. Among the 14 studies, 13 were retrospective observational cohort studies and 1 was a prospective observational cohort study. The mortality rate was 2.84%. The clinical good outcomes rate was 93.3%. The poor outcome rate was 6.6%. The overall thromboembolic complication rate was 6.06% (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.00–6.37, P=0.12, I2=3.13%). The total hemorrhagic complication rate was 1.62% (95% CI 0.00–5.34, P=0.28, I2=1.56%). The complete aneurysm occlusion rate was 80.4% (95% CI 8.65–9.38, P<0.0001, I2=9.09%). The Silk diverter device has a good safety and efficacy profile for treating intracranial aneurysms with high complete occlusion rates.