Esophageal cancer is an upper gastrointestinal malignancy with a bleak prognosis.It is still being explored in depth due to its complex molecular mechanisms of occurrence and development.Lipids play a crucial role in cells by participating in energy supply,biofilm formation,and signal transduction pro-cesses,and lipid metabolic reprogramming also constitutes a significant characteristic of malignant tu-mors.More and more studies have found esophageal cancer has obvious lipid metabolism abnormalities throughout its beginning,progress,and treatment resistance.The inhibition of tumor growth and the enhancement of antitumor therapy efficacy can be achieved through the regulation of lipid metabolism.Therefore,we reviewed and analyzed the research results and latest findings for lipid metabolism and associated analysis techniques in esophageal cancer,and comprehensively proved the value of lipid metabolic reprogramming in the evolution and treatment resistance of esophageal cancer,as well as its significance in exploring potential therapeutic targets and biomarkers.

Objective:To investigate the value of neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and systemic immune inflammatory index (SII) for the diagnosis of coronary artery lesions in patients with acute phase of Kawasaki disease (KD).Methods:It was a cross-sectional study. Children with acute Kawasaki disease admitted to Linyi Central Hospital from January 2018 to December 2021 were enrolled and divided into the Kawasaki disease complicated with coronary artery disease group (KD-CAL group) and the Kawasaki disease without coronary artery disease group (KD-NCAL group). The demographic data, blood routine and C-reactive protein (CRP) test results before intravenous injection of γ globulin were collected, and NLR and SII were calculated. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the risk factors of coronary artery disease in children with Kawasaki disease. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the diagnostic value of NLR and SII for coronary artery lesions in children with Kawasaki disease.Results:A total of 109 children with acute phase of KD aged 1 month to 9 years were enrolled, including 66 boys (60.6%). There were no significant differences in age and gender composition between the KD-CAL group ( n=17) and the KD-NCAL group ( n=92) (all P>0.05). Compared with the KD-NCAL group, the NLR, SII and CRP levels in the KD-CAL group were higher (all P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that NLR and SII were independent risk factors of coronary artery disease in children with Kawasaki disease (NLR, OR=1.265, 95% CI:1.066-1.502, P=0.007; SII, OR=1.001, 95% CI:1.000-1.002, P=0.015). ROC curve results showed that thearea under the curve ( AUC) of NLR in diagnosis of coronary artery lesions was 0.812 (95% CI:0.703-0.921, P<0.05), taking 5.4 as cutoff value, the sensitivity was 73.9% and specificity was 76.5%; the AUC of SII in diagnosis of coronary artery lesions was 0.830 (95% CI:0.741-0.919, P<0.05), taking 1 623 as the cut-off value, the sensitivity was 66.3% and specificity was 88.2%; the AUC of the combination of NLR and SII was 0.875(95% CI:0.790-0.959, P<0.05), the sensitivity and specificity were 85.9% and 76.5%, respectively. Conclusion:NLR and SII have certain diagnostic value for coronary artery disease in children with acute Kawasaki disease, and the combination of NLR and SII has better value than single index.

Background: and Purpose The eye-movement examination can be applied as a noninvasive method to identify multiple-system atrophy (MSA). Few studies have investigated eye movements during the early stage of MSA with predominant parkinsonism (MSA-P). We aimed to determine the characteristic oculomotor changes in the early stage of MSA-P. Methods: We retrospectively selected 17 patients with MSA-P and 40 with Parkinson’s disease (PD) with disease durations of less than 2 years, and 40 age-matched healthy controls (HCs).Oculomotor performance in the horizontal direction was measured in detail using videonystagmography. Results: We found that the proportions of patients with MSA-P and PD exhibiting abnormal eye movements were 82.4% and 77.5%, respectively, which were significantly higher than that in the HCs (47.5%, p<0.05). Compared with HCs, patients with MSA-P presented significantly higher abnormal proportions of fixation and gaze-holding (17.6% vs. 0%), without-fixation (47.1% vs. 0%), prolonged latency in reflexive saccades (29.4% vs. 5.0%), memory-guided saccades (93.3% vs. 10.0%), and catch-up saccades in smooth-pursuit movement (SPM, 41.2% vs. 0) (all p<0.05). Compared with those with PD, patients with MSA-P presented a significantly higher proportion of catch-up saccades in SPM (41.2% vs. 2.5%, p<0.001). Conclusions MSA-P presented the characteristic of catch-up saccades in SPM in the early stage, which may provide some value in differentiating MSA-P from PD.

Objective: To compare the incidence of radiation-related toxicities between conventional and hypofractionated intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) for limited-stage small cell lung cancer (SCLC), and to explore the risk factors of hypofractionated radiotherapy-induced toxicities. Methods: Data were retrospectively collected from consecutive limited-stage SCLC patients treated with definitive concurrent chemoradiotherapy in Cancer Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences from March 2016 to April 2022. The enrolled patients were divided into two groups according to radiation fractionated regimens. Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE, version 5.0) was used to evaluate the grade of radiation esophagus injuries and lung injuries. Logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with radiation-related toxicities in the hypofractionated radiotherapy group. Results: Among 211 enrolled patients, 108 cases underwent conventional IMRT and 103 patients received hypofractionated IMRT. The cumulative incidences of acute esophagitis grade ≥2 [38.9% (42/108) vs 35.0% (36/103), P=0.895] and grade ≥ 3 [1.9% (2/108) vs 5.8% (6/103), P=0.132] were similar between conventional and hypofractionated IMRT group. Late esophagus injuries grade ≥2 occurred in one patient in either group. No differences in the cumulative incidence of acute pneumonitis grade ≥2[12.0% (13/108) vs 5.8% (6/103), P=0.172] and late lung injuries grade ≥2[5.6% (6/108) vs 10.7% (11/103), P=0.277] were observed. There was no grade ≥3 lung injuries occurred in either group. Using multiple regression analysis, mean esophageal dose ≥13 Gy (OR=3.33, 95% CI: 1.23-9.01, P=0.018) and the overlapping volume between planning target volume (PTV) and esophageal ≥8 cm(3)(OR=3.99, 95% CI: 1.24-12.79, P=0.020) were identified as the independent risk factors associated with acute esophagitis grade ≥2 in the hypofractionated radiotherapy group. Acute pneumonitis grade ≥2 was correlated with presence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD, P=0.025). Late lung injuries grade ≥2 was correlated with tumor location(P=0.036). Conclusions: Hypofractionated IMRT are tolerated with manageable toxicities for limited-stage SCLC patients treated with IMRT. Mean esophageal dose and the overlapping volume between PTV and esophageal are independently predictive factors of acute esophagitis grade ≥2, and COPD and tumor location are valuable factors of lung injuries for limited-stage SCLC patients receiving hyofractionated radiotherapy. Prospective studies are needed to confirm these results.
Humans ; Small Cell Lung Carcinoma/pathology* ; Lung Neoplasms/pathology* ; Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated/methods* ; Retrospective Studies ; Lung Injury ; Radiotherapy Dosage ; Radiation Injuries/epidemiology* ; Esophagitis/epidemiology* ; Risk Factors ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/complications*

Objective:Central nervous system leukemia(CNSL)is one of the main causes of recurrence and death in patients with acute leukemia.This study aims to dynamically monitor minimal residual disease(MRD)in cerebrospinal fluid and bone marrow of patients with different types of acute leukemia by flow cytometry(FCM),and to compare the timeliness and consistency of MRD detection between the 2 methods to further explore the application value of monitoring MRD in cerebrospinal fluid. Methods:A total of 199 patients with acute leukemia admitted to the Guangdong Provincial people's Hospital between October 2018 and January 2022 were retrospectively analyzed,and multiparametric FCM method was adopted to summarize and analyze MRD in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with different types of leukemia and MRD in cerebrospinal fluid and bone marrow specimens of the same patients,and its role in assessing the prognostic value of patients was discussed. Results:Among the 199 acute leukemia cases,a total of 31 cases(15.58%)were positive MRD in the cerebrospinal fluid,of which 18 cases(58%)were detected earlier than the corresponding bone marrow specimens.Among the 19 patients with acute T lymphoblastic leukemia,134 patients with acute B lymphoblastic leukemia,and 46 patients with acute myeloid leukemia counted,there were 4,18,and 9 patients with positive MRD in the cerebrospinal fluid.The Kappa value of the concordance test between the results of cerebrospinal fluid MRD and bone marrow MRD in different types of acute leukemia was only 0.156,demonstrating a low concordance between them. Conclusion:Dynamic monitoring of cerebrospinal fluid MRD by FCM can be used as a monitoring index for central nervous system leukemia,and monitoring cerebrospinal fluid can detect MRD earlier compared with bone marrow,which complements each other as a sensitive index for evaluating prognosis with significant guidance in clinic.

Humans ; COVID-19 ; Quarantine ; Renal Dialysis ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Hospitals

To explore the different chloroplast genome characteristics of Sinopodophyllum hexandrum, five chloroplast genome sequences of S. hexandrum were compared. Its genome map, repeat sequence, codon preference, inverted repeat (IR)/single-copy (SC) boundary, alignment of chloroplast genome sequences and phylogenetic were analyzed using bioinformatics tools. The results showed that: the total length of five chloroplast genomes of S. hexandrum, with a typical tetrad structure, were 157 203-157 940 bp, and a total of 133-137 genes were annotated, reflecting the diversity of chloroplast genomes of S. hexandrum. Different chloroplast genomes of S. hexandrum has different simple sequence repeat (SSR), where simple repeat of single nucleotide of A/T were the majority among the SSR detected. The interspersed repetitive sequences included direct, palindromic and inverted repeats. The value of effective number of codon (ENc) which was analyzed by using codon bias was 51.14~51.17, the proportion of GC and GC3s was less than 50%, the codon usage pattern tended towards frequently use of A/U-ending bases. Genome sequences and the IR/SC boundaries of five chloroplast genomes of S. hexandrum were relatively conservative. Phylogenetic analysis showed that S. hexandrum and Podophyllum pettatum had the closest genetic relationship. In summary, the chloroplast genome characteristics and evolutionary relationship of different chloroplast genomes of S. hexandrum were obtained, which may facilitate the utilization, protection, variety identification and genetic evolution of S. hexandrum resources.
Phylogeny ; Genome, Chloroplast ; Chloroplasts/genetics* ; Genomics ; Evolution, Molecular

Objective: To evaluate the incidence and risk factors of symptomatic radiation-induced lung toxicity (SRILT) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with modern radiotherapy after surgery. Methods: Clinical data of consecutive NSCLC patients treated with postoperative three-dimensional conformal or intensity-modulated radiotherapy in Cancer Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences between November 2002 and December 2011 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE, version 3.0), SRILT was defined as ≥grade 2 radiation-induced lung toxicity. Potential clinical risk factors and dosimetric parameters for SRILT were evaluated using logistic regression model. Results: Among 227 enrolled patients, 190 cases underwent lobectomy and 37 patients received pneumonectomy. Twenty-three patients (10.1%) developed SRILT after lobectomy. Seventeen patients experienced grade 2 SRILT, 5 cases of grade 3 SRILT and 1 case of grade 4 SRILT. Univariate analysis showed that postoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy, relatively large PTV, mean lung dose and V₂₀- V₄₀ were significantly correlated with the incidence of SRILT (P=0.015, 0.048 and<0.001). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that postoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy and V₂₀ were significantly associated with the incidence of SRILT (P=0.017 and P=0.009). Conclusions The incidence of SRILT is relatively low in NSCLC patients after postoperative radiotherapy. Concurrent chemoradiotherapy and V₂₀ are risk factors of SRILT.

Objective To exam the exposure status to tobacco advertisement and promotion programs in Chinese middle school students.Methods Stratified multi-stage cluster sampling was used to select participated grade 7-9 middle school students in 31 provinces (n=155 117).A self-administrated questionnaire was used in which questions related to behavior on tobacco use,exposure to second-hand smoking (SHS),access to tobacco products and prices,tobacco control advocacy,exposure to tobacco advertisement,and promotion as well as attitude and knowledge towards tobacco,etc.Data was weighted and analyzed,using the complex survey module of SAS 9.3 software.Results In the past 30 days,48.5％ of the students had a chance to see advertisement or promotion programs on tobacco.Tobacco advertisement or promotion were most frequently seen on TV (21.3 ％) among students,followed by outdoor billboard (20.1％),at the stands for sale (17.5％),and Internet (15.6％).In addition,4.6％ of the students reported having kept the items related to brand logos of tobacco products; 2.0％ reported having been offered a free tobacco product by tobacco company representatives; 69.7％ reported having seen scenes related to smoking on TV/videos/movie screens.Twenty five point two percent of the student smokers reported buying individual sticks at last purchase.Among those students who had never been exposed to tobacco,the ones who had been exposed to tobacco advertisement and promotion programs reported that they were more likely to feel smoking attractive than those who had not.They also reported that if a cigarette was offered by friends,they might try to smoke within the next 12 months,feeling that smoking would make him/her comfortable,and finally to feel that they might enjoy smoking (P＜0.000 1).Conclusion Adolescents had been heavily exposed to tobacco advertisement and promotion programs in China.Students who had been exposed to tobacco advertisement or promotions were more likely to express positive attitude to tobacco use.It is urgent to make amendments to China's Advertising Law to completely prohibit tobacco advertisement,promotion and sponsorship programs,to keep the young people away from tobacco.

Objective To identify the levels of exposure to second-hand smoking (SHS)among Chinese adults living in the urban areas and their knowledge on the risks of SHS,to support for the Smoke-free policy.Methods Data from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) and the International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation China Survey (ITC China Survey) was analyzed and SAS was used to calculate the rates and 95％ CI.Results In the two surveys,less than 40％ of the respondents reported that their workplaces had completely stopped smoking.Participants who reported that they had seen people smoking at various public places with different rates,also they could reflect the levels to SHS exposure.Restaurants were the venue with the heaviest overall exposure (83.4％-95.6％),followed by the workplace (53.3％-84.0％).Exposure was low in health facilities,schools and public transport venues.In the GATS survey,60.6％ smokers and 68.5％ non-smokers believed that SHS could cause lung cancer,but only one-third of the participants believed that SHS could cause heart diseases in adults.Participants in the ITC China survey reported a comparatively higher level of awareness on the harm of SHS,but only 58.2％ smokers believed that SHS could cause heart diseases in adults.Overall,data from the ITC China survey showed that participants' support for a comprehensive smoke-free policy in schools,health-related facilities,government buildings and in taxi were high (over 70％).However,the proportion of participants supporting comprehensive smoking-free policy at workplaces (50.9％-60.9％) was relatively low.Conclusion The proportion of indoor workplaces with complete smoking ban was low in urban areas but levels to SHS exposure were high.People's awareness of harms related to SHS and their attitude on setting up a comprehensive smoke-free workplace need to be improved.