Objective To observe the intervention effect of hypericin(HYP)on 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine(MPTP)-induced Parkinson's disease(PD)mice model and its mechanism.Methods Thirty C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into normal,model and experimental groups with 10 mice per group.PD mouse model was established after 7 days of intraperitoneal injection of MPTP,and drug intervention was carried out from the first day of modeling.Normal group and model group were intraperitoneally injected with 500 μL·kg·d-1 0.9％NaCl.The experimental group was intraperitoneally injected with 25 mg·kg·d-1 HYP.The three groups of rats were given the drug once each time for 14 days.The expression levels of tyrosine hydroxylase(TH),Nod-like receptor thermal protein domain protein 3(NLRP3)and ionized calcium binding adapter molecule 1(Iba1)in the striatum of nigra were detected by Western blot.Results The climbing time of normal,model and experimental groups was(5.35±0.43),(9.71±1.19)and(8.07±0.34)s;suspension scores were(2.92±0.15),(1.38±0.28)and(1.96±0.28)points;the relative expression levels of TH protein were 1.04±0.06,0.51±0.09 and 0.75±0.07;the relative expression levels of NLRP3 protein were 0.51±0.03,1.00±0.04 and 0.77±0.06;the relative expression levels of Iba1 protein were 0.68±0.10,1.30±0.28 and 0.89±0.05,respectively.The above indexes in the model group were statistically significant compared with the experimental group and the normal group(all P＜0.01).Conclusion HYP plays a therapeutic role in PD by inhibiting the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome in PD mice.

[ Abstract] Objective To explore the role pathway and pattern of the Kruppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) and its mRNA interaction with microRNA (miRNAs) and circular RNA (circRNAs) at 0 hour and the 120 th hour in the rat liver regeneration. Methods The rat 2 / 3 hepatectomy (partial hepatectomy, PH) model was prepared as described by Higgins, the hepatocytes were isolated according to the method of Smedsrod et al, the expression changes of mRNA, miRNA and circRNA together named as competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) were detected by the large-scale quantitative detection technology, the interaction network of ceRNA was constructed by Cytoscape 3. 2 software, and their correlation in expression and role were analyzed by ceRNA comprehensive analysis. Results It was found that at the 0 hour and the 120th hour PH, the ratio value of KLF4 mRNA showed 1. 00±0. 16 and 3. 14±0. 27, miR-881-3p displays 18. 30±1. 44 and 0. 47±0. 02, circRNA_20298 indicated 0. 32±0. 10 and 4. 24±0. 22, circRNA_14826 showed 0. 42±0. 13 and 0. 61±0. 08. At the same time, the four kinds of cell apoptosis-related genes adrenoceptor beta 2 (ADRB2), dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 2 (DDAH2), annexin A5 (ANXA5), ect, which were promoted in expression by KLF4, were down-regulated at 0 hour after PH, but the cell apoptosis-related genes synuclein gamma (SNCG), glutathione-disulfide reductase (GSR), FYVE, RhoGEF and PH domain containing 4 (FGD4), ect, which were inhibited in expression by KLF4, were up-regulated at 0 hour after PH. On the other hand, the cell apoptosis-related genes ANXA5 and thymosin beta 10 (TMSB10), which are promoted in expression by KLF4, were up-regulated at the 120th hour after PH, but the cell apoptosis-related genes chloride intracellular channel 4 (CLIC4) and ataxin 3 (ATXN3), ect, which were inhibited in expression by KLF4, were down-regulated at the 120th hour after PH. Conclusion The correlation in expression and role of the miRNAs, which are inhibited by circRNAs, KLF4, its mRNA is inhibited by miRNAs, and the cell apoptosis-related genes, which are regulated by KLF4, are helpful for the hepatocyte to be in active state 0 hour after PH and to be in apoptotic state 120-hour after PH.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the protective effects and its possible mechanism of Wuzi Yanzong Pill (WYP) on Parkinson's disease (PD) model mice. METHODS: Thirty-six C57BL/6 male mice were randomly assigned to 3 groups including normal, PD, and PD+WYP groups, 12 mice in each group. One week of intraperitoneal injection of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) was used to establish the classical PD model in mice. Meanwhile, mice in the PD+WYP group were administrated with 16 g/kg WYP, twice daily by gavage. After 14 days of administration, gait test, open field test and pole test were measured to evaluate the movement function. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) neurons in substantia nigra of midbrain and binding immunoglobulin heavy chain protein (GRP78) in striatum and cortex were observed by immunohistochemistry. The levels of TH, GRP78, p-PERK, p-eIF2α, ATF4, p-IRE1α, XBP1, ATF6, CHOP, ASK1, p-JNK, Caspase-12, -9 and -3 in brain were detected by Western blot. RESULTS: Compared with the PD group, WYP treatment ameliorated gait balance ability in PD mice (P<0.05). Similarly, WYP increased the total distance and average speed (P<0.05 or P<0.01), reduced rest time and pole time (P<0.05). Moreover, WYP significantly increased TH positive cells (P<0.01). Immunofluorescence showed WYP attenuated the levels of GRP78 in striatum and cortex. Meanwhile, WYP treatment significantly decreased the protein expressions of GRP78, p-PERK, p-eIF2α, ATF4, p-IRE1 α, XBP1, CHOP, Caspase-12 and Caspase-9 (P<0.05 or P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS WYP ameliorated motor symptoms and pathological lesion of PD mice, which may be related to the regulation of unfolded protein response-mediated signaling pathway and inhibiting the endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated neuronal apoptosis pathway.

BACKGROUND: Acupuncture has been widely used to relieve migraine-related symptoms. However, the findings of previous systematic reviews (SRs) and meta-analyses (MAs) are still not completely consistent. Their quality is also unknown, so a comprehensive study is needed. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the reporting and methodological quality of these MAs concerning acupuncture for migraine, and summarize evidence about the efficacy and safety of acupuncture for migraine. SEARCH STRATEGY: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Biomedical Databases, Wanfang Data, and VIP databases were searched from inception to September 2020, with a comprehensive search strategy. INCLUSION CRITERIA: The pairwise MAs of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) concerning migraine treated by acupuncture or acupuncture-based therapies, with a control group that received sham acupuncture, medication, no treatment, or acupuncture at different acupoints were included. DATA EXTRACTION AND ANALYSIS: Two independent investigators screened studies, extracted relevant data, and assessed reporting and methodological quality using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2009 and A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews 2 (AMSTAR 2), then all results were cross-checked. Spearman correlation test was used to evaluate the correlation between reporting and methodological quality scores. RESULTS: A total of 20 MAs were included in this study. The included MAs indicated that acupuncture was efficacious and safe in preventing and treating migraine when compared with control intervention. There was a high correlation between reporting and methodological quality scores (r_s = 0.87, P < 0.001). The quality of the included SRs needs to be improved mainly with regard to protocol and prospective registration, using a comprehensive search strategy, summarizing the strength of evidence body for key outcomes, a full list of excluded studies with reasons for exclusion, reporting of RCTs' funding sources, and assessing the potential impact of risk of bias in RCTs on MA results. CONCLUSION Acupuncture is an effective and safe intervention for preventing and treating migraine, and could be considered as a good option for patients with migraine. However, the reporting and methodological quality of MAs included in this overview is suboptimal. In the future, AMSTAR 2 and PRISMA tools should be followed when making and reporting an SR with MA.
Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy/methods* ; China ; Humans ; Meta-Analysis as Topic ; Migraine Disorders/therapy* ; Research Report

Acupuncture can regulate peripheral inflammatory response mainly through somatosensory-vagal/sympathetic nerve-splenic/adrenal/local reflex pathway. Besides, acupuncture may also play an anti-inflammatory role through gut microbiota and neuro-endocrine pathway. The effects of acupuncture have acupoint specificity and time window effect, and are influenced by voltage, current and frequency of electroacupuncture. Future research should focus on the connection and interaction of multiple targets, pathways and mechanisms in the brain, and clarify the multi-target advantages of acupuncture anti-inflammatory.
Acupuncture ; Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Electroacupuncture

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the abnormality and distribution of plasma cholesterol levels in single-center hospitalized children. METHODS: The blood lipid levels of children aged 2-18 years who had blood lipid test results in Peking University First Hospital from June 2016 to June 2019 were etrospectively analyzed. Cholesterol oxidase method was used for total cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were detected by clearance method. The counting data were compared with chi-square test. RESULTS: The survey had involved 11 829 children (7 087 were boys and 4 742 were girls). 1 822 (15.4%) children were with elevated total cholesterol, 1 371 (11.6%) children with elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and 2 798 (23.7%) children with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol reduction. The total number of the children with abnormal cholesterol levels was 4 427 (37.4%). Among the 7 835 children who visited hospital due to the disease not commonly inducing dyslipidemia, 731 (9.3%) had elevated TC, 561 (7.2%) had elevated LDL-C, 1 886 (24.1%) had decreased HDL-C, and 2 576 (32.9%) had abnormal cholesterol levels. Among the children with different diseases, the difference in the incidence of abnormal cholesterol was statistically significant. The top three main groups of the children with increased total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were "dyslipidemia", "urinary tract disease", and "nutritional disease"; The top three main groups of the children with reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were "respiratory diseases", "dyslipidemia", "hematological diseases and malignant tumors". Among the 1 257 blood li-pid test results sent by other departments, 300 cases had abnormal cholesterol levels (23.8%). Among them, there were 70 children with hypercholesterolemia (5.6%), 44 children with increased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (3.5%), and 224 children with reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (17.8%). There were 365 (4.6%) children with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ≥140 mg/dL (3.6 mmol/L) who needed to further exclude familiar hypercholesterolemia among the children who visited hospitals due to the disease not commonly inducing dyslipidemia. CONCLUSION Children in hospitals have a high incidence of cholesterol abnormalities. Doctors need to pay more attention to the cholesterol diagnosis and management regardless of the discipline, which not only helps to control secondary hypercholesterolemia, but also provides the possibility of detecting familial hypercholesterolemia in time.
Child ; Cholesterol ; Cholesterol, HDL ; Cholesterol, LDL ; Dyslipidemias/epidemiology* ; Female ; Humans ; Hypercholesterolemia/epidemiology* ; Incidence ; Lipids ; Male ; Triglycerides

ObjectiveTo identify Dendrobium flexicaule and its related species， and analyze the differences in polysaccharide composition and D-mannose content， so as to provide theoretical basis for the accurate identification and quality control of Dendrobium medicinal materials. MethodNine samples of Dendrobium （S1-S9） were identified by DNA barcoding and infrared spectroscopy， and the contents of polysaccharides and D-mannose were determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometry （UV） and high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）， respectively. UV detection condition was 488 nm， HPLC detection conditions were the mobile phase of 20 mmol·L^-1 ammonium acetate solution-acetonitrile （81.5∶18.5） and the detection wavelength at 250 nm. ResultDNA barcoding results showed that samples S1-S3 were D. nobile， samples S4-S5 were D. officinale， sample S6 was D. huoshanense， and S7-S9 were D. flexicaule. One-dimensional infrared spectroscopy showed that only D. nobile had stable characteristics at the wavenumber of 1 570-1 467 cm^-1， showing a "W" shape， while no absorption peak was found at the wavenumber of 842-740 cm^-1， but the other Dendrobium samples had stable absorption peaks at the wavenumber of 842-740 cm^-1. In the first derivative spectrum， at the wavenumber of 785 cm^-1， D. huoshanense presented a "V" shape， while the rest of Dendrobium presented a "W" shape. At the wavenumber of 1 110 cm^-1， D. flexicaule had a stable characteristic peak. In the second derivative spectrum， at the wavenumber of 1 125 cm^-1， D. officinale presented an "M" shape， and the rest of Dendrobium was approximately "W" shape. The results of determination showed that the contents of polysaccharides in samples S1-S9 were 9.35%， 9.12%， 32.78%， 49.38%， 48.97%， 32.48%， 32.95%， 39.41% and 25.32%， and their contents of D-mannose were 1.39%， 0.47%， 13.57%， 3.04%， 33.85%， 23.57%， 16.64%， 17.47% and 19.49%， respectively. Among them， D. flexicaule had high polysaccharide and D-mannose contents. ConclusionBoth DNA barcoding and infrared spectroscopy can be used to identify D. flexicaule and its related species， and infrared spectroscopy is cost-effective and easy to operate. At the same time， D. flexicaule has high contents of polysaccharides and D-mannose， which can provide a scientific basis for rapid identification of D. flexicaule and its relatives， and provides a reference for its quality control， and resource development and utilization.

Ten triterpenoid saponins were isolated and purified from the water extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra by polyamide resin combined with macroporous resin column chromatography, ODS medium pressure column chromatography and semi-preparative RP-HPLC. Their structures were elucidated by physicochemical properties, NMR and MS spectra, and determined as 3β-O-[β-D-glucuronpyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucuronpyranosyl]-30β-O-β-D-glucuronpyranosyl-oleanane-11-oxo-12(13)-ene (1), 3β-O-[β-D-glucuronpyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucuronpyranosyl]-30β-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-oleanane-11-oxo-12(13)-en-22β,30-diol (2), uralsaponin C (3), licorice-saponin A3 (4), licorice-saponin P2 (5), 22β-acetoxyl-glycyrrhizin (6), macedonoside A (7), 29-hydroxyl-glycyrrhizin (8), licorice-saponin G2 (9), glycyrrhizin (10). Compounds 1 and 2 are two new compounds and named as licorice-saponin R3 and licorice-saponin S3.

Taking the clinical trial of acupuncture in treatment of postprandial distress syndrome as an example, this paper proposes that the acupuncture clinical trial protocol should be optimized in view of acupuncture prescription, acupuncture frequency and outcomes. Besides, the data quality of acupuncture clinical trial should be improved in consideration of data sharing and electronic data capture so as to provide a reference for the majority of researchers to optimize and implement acupuncture clinical trial.
Acupuncture Therapy ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Dyspepsia/therapy* ; Humans ; Research Personnel ; Stomach Diseases/therapy* ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVE: To systematically review the effect of acupuncture on emotional disorder in the patients with migraine and knee osteoarthritis and its effect time limit. METHODS: The randomized controlled trials of acupuncture for migraine or knee osteoarthritis were retrieved from the databases, starting from the time of establishment through to December, 2018, i.e. the Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMbase, CNKI, SinoMed, VIP and Wanfang. The bias risk assessment tool of Cochrane Review Manual 5.1.0 was adopted to evaluate the quality of trials in methodology. RevMan 5.3 software was used for the Meta-analysis. RESULTS: A total of 12 articles were included, with 2450 cases. Regarding the immediate effect, the score of the emotional function subscale of migraine-specific quality-of-life questionnaire (MSQ) in the acupuncture group was higher than the control group (6.38[2.78,9.98], =25%). In view of the emotional function subscale of the short-form of health survey (SF-36/SF-12), and the scores of the mental function and negative mode scale in Spain's index of quality of life (PQLC), there were no significant differences in the scores between the acupuncture group and the control group. In 3 months of treatment, the score of the emotional function subscale of MSQ in the acupuncture group was higher than the control group (9.66 [3.06,16.25], =44%). The difference in the score of the mental health subscale of SF-36 and SF-12 was not significant between the acupuncture group and the control group. In 3 to 6 months of treatment, as well as in over 6 months of treatment, the score of every scale was not different statistically between the acupuncture group and the control group. CONCLUSION Acupuncture effectively maintains the healthy emotion in the patients with migraine and the effect is sustainable for 3 months after treatment. But the improvement of acupuncture is not remarkable in emotional disorder induced by knee osteoarthritis.
Acupuncture Therapy ; Chronic Pain ; psychology ; therapy ; Emotions ; Humans ; Migraine Disorders ; psychology ; therapy ; Osteoarthritis, Knee ; psychology ; therapy ; Quality of Life ; Treatment Outcome