Objective: Data on syncopal donation-related vasovagal reaction (DRVR) collected from 74 blood centers between 2020 and 2023 was statistically analyzed to provide a reference for developing preventive strategies against syncopal DRVR. Methods: Data on blood donation adverse reactions and basic information of donors from 2020 to 2023 were collected through the information management system at monitoring sentinel sites. Statistical analysis was performed on the following aspects of syncopal DRVR: characteristics of donors who experienced syncope, reported incidence, triggers, duration, presence and occurrence time of syncope-related trauma, clinical management including outpatient and inpatient treatment, and severity grading. Results: From 2020 to 2023, 45 966 donation-related adverse reactions were recorded. Of these, 1 665 (3.72%) cases were syncopal DRVR. The incidence of syncopal DRVR decreased with age, being the highest in the 18-22 age group. Incidence was significantly higher in female donors than male donors, in first-time donors than repeat donors, and in university and individual donors than group donors (all P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference among different blood donation locations (P>0.05). The top three triggers were tension, fatigue, and needle phobia or fear of blood. Among syncopal DRVR cases, 60.36% occurred during blood collection, 87.63% lasted for less than 60 seconds, and 5.05% were accompanied by trauma. Notably, 57.14% of these traumas occurred after donor had left the blood collection site. Syncope severity was graded based on required treatment: grade 1 (fully recovered without treatment, 95.50%); grade 2 (recovered after outpatient treatment, 4.02%); and grade 3 (recovered after inpatient treatment, 0.48%). Conclusion: By analyzing the data of syncopal DRVR cases, it is possible to provide a reference for formulating blood donor safety policies.

Objective To explore the effects of dexmedetomidine combined with desflurane anesthesia on cerebral oxygen metabolism,sedation depth and cerebral function in liver cancer patients undergoing partial hepatic lobectomy.Methods A total of 30 liver cancer patients undergoing partial hepatic lobectomy at the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University from March to September 2022 were selected as the research subjects,they were divided into control group(n=15)and observation group(n=15)according to different anesthesia methods.Patients in both groups underwent partial open hepatectomy,and they were given the same anesthesia induction method.The patients in the control group received desflurane for anesthesia mainte-nance,while patients in the observation group received dexmedetomidine combined with desflurane for anesthesia maintenance.The anesthesia recovery indexes including the postoperative recovery time,recovery time of spontaneous breathing,eye-opening time of patients between the two groups were compared.The arterial oxygen saturation(SaO2),cervical vein oxygen saturation(SjvO2),arterial partial pressure of oxygen(PaO2)and partial pressure of venous oxygen of patients were detected by blood gas analyzer before anesthesia induction(T0),at the completion of anesthesia induction(T,),at 10 minutes after hepatic portal occlusion(T2),after hepatic lobectomy(T3)and after surgery(T4),and arterio-venous oxygen content difference(AVDO2)and cerebral oxygen extraction rate(CEO2)were calculated.The sedation depth of patients was evaluated by bispectral index(BIS)and patient state index(PSI)at T0,T1,T2,T3 and T4.The cerebral function of patients was evaluated by the Glasgow-Pittsburgh cerebral performance category scale at 3 months after surgery.The incidence of postoperative adverse reactions of patients between the two groups was compared.Results The postoperative recovery time,recovery time of sponta-neous breathing and eye-opening time of patients in the observation group were significantly shorter than those in the control group(P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in SaO2 of patients between the two groups at different time points(P＞0.05).At T2 and T3,SjvO2,AVDO2 and CEO2 of patients in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P＜0.05),but there was no significant difference in SjvO2,AVDO2 and CEO2 of patients between the two groups at the other time points(P＞0.05).At T2,T3 and T4,BIS and PSI of patients in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P＜0.05),but there was no significant difference in BIS and PSI of patients between the two groups at T0 and T1(P＞0.05).In the control group,there were 11 patients with postoperative brain function in grade 1,3 patients in grade Ⅱ and 1 patient in grade Ⅲ;in the observation group,there were 12 patients in grade Ⅰ and 3 patients in gradeⅡ.There was no significant difference in postoperative grading of brain function between the two groups(x2=1.044,P＞0.05).There was no significant difference in the total incidence of postoperative adverse reactions between the control group and observation group[20.00％(3/15)vs 26.67％(4/15),x2=0.186,P＞0.05].Conclusion Dexmedetomidine combined with desflurane anesthesia can shorten anesthesia recovery time,improve anesthesia depth and reduce cerebral oxygen metabolism in patients undergoing liver cancer surgery,which has no effect on cerebral function,showing good safety.

Objective:This study aimed to provide basic data for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of pediatric viral myocarditis (VMC) in China through analyzing the epidemic characteristics and disease burden of pediatric inpatients with VMC from 2016 to 2021.Methods:We performed a descriptive statistical analysis to the age, genders, seasons, regions and hospitalization cost and days of pediatric VMC inpatients and the death. All of the information was obtained from 27 Children′s hospitals or Maternal and Child Health hospitals of 23 provinces of China from 2016 to 2021.Results:A total of 7 647 599 cases including 1 646 VMC inpatients were admitted into our study. The annual numbers of hospitalizations were 173, 227, 313, 301, 295 and 337, with the hospitalized constituent ratios being 14.9/100 000, 17.9/100 000, 23.0/100 000, 20.5/100 000, 26.5/100 000 and 26.4/100 000 from 2016 to 2021. In recent 6 years, the proportion of VMC hospitalizations had increased yearly ( P<0.001), and had associated with the onset age ( P<0.001). Aged 12-≤18 years owned the highest hospitalized constituent ratio. The Northeast of China owned the largest number of VMC inpatients, and the East second to it. Among the 1 646 VMC children, there were 68 deaths, with the hospitalized case fatality rate of 4.13%. There were no significant differences between genders, age, seasons, years and fatality rate of VMC inpatients. For the diseases burden, the median of hospitalization days of all VMC inpatients was 10 days (IQR 6, 21), and the median of hospitalization cost was 1 1 842.3 RMB (IQR 6 969.22, 19 714.78). The median of hospitalization days of deceased VMC children was only 1 day (IQR 1, 3), the median cost could be 8 874.03 RMB (IQR 5 277.94, 5 6 151.59). Conclusions:In this study, we found that proportion of hospitalization of VMC children increased year by year, adolescence might be a risk factor of VMC. The fatality of VMC inpatients could be up to 4.13%, and the death led to a huge economic burden of society, family and individuals.

A novel series of 2-aryl substituted benzothiopyranone compounds was designed and synthesized based on our previously obtained benzothiopyranone scaffold with significant antituberculosis activity. All target compounds were evaluated for their antimycobacterial activity and preliminary druggability was subsequently investigated for some selected compounds with good activity. The results indicated that most compounds showed good activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H₃₇Rv. Among them, compounds 8g, 8h, 8q and 9f showed potent activity with MIC ranged from 0.2 to 0.4 μg·mL^-1. Furthermore, some active compounds exhibited low cytotoxicity and cardiotoxicity risk. It is worth noting that compounds 8h and 8q with good liver microsome stability and low inhibition of CYPs 3A4/5 and 2C9 were suitable for combination drug regimen to treat tuberculosis.

In the present study, the antibacterial spectrum of turmeric extract was analyzed by measuring the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and the antibacterial mechanism of turmeric extract was elaborated by determining its effects on the permeability and integrity of the cytoplasmic membrane, energy metabolism, and the morphology of the tested bacteria (Bacillus subtilis) with the highest susceptibility to the extract. The results showed that turmeric extract possessed broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacteria and fungi, especially against Bacillus subtilis, with the MIC of 0.5 mg·mL^-1. Turmeric extract disrupted the liposome membrane and released calcein encapsulated within it. The permeability of the bacterial cell membrane was increased, leading to leakage of intracellular K⁺, Ca²⁺and cell wall proteins, and the integrity of the cell membrane was broken down, causing leakage of intracellular proteins and polysaccharides. Scanning electron microscope observation confirmed that the bacteria treated with turmeric extract was severely deformed. Simultaneously, cellular energy metabolism was affected, resulting in a significant reduction in the intracellular ATP content and ATPase activity in bacteria. In summary, the antibacterial mode of turmeric extract is closely related to its disruption of bacterial membrane structure.

Purpose/Significance The establishment of a specialized database for children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)aims to address the issues of low data usage efficiency caused by scattered and low-quality diagnostic data.Method/Process Based on clinical diagnostic data of children with ADHD from March 2020 to April 2024,natural language processing(NLP)techniques are utilized to realize the post-structuring of the data.Furthermore,standardization of the database is performed according to industry standards and treatment guidelines.Result/Conclusion The specialized database for children with ADHD is established,comprising data from 75 835 ADHD children and 280 000 clinical visits.This database supports various applications such as the analysis of basic character-istics of the ADHD population,prediction model construction,resource allocation optimization,and clinical pathway optimization.

Background::Thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) is a fatal cardiovascular disease, the pathogenesis of which has not yet been clarified. This study aimed to identify and validate the diagnostic markers of TAA to provide a strong theoretical basis for developing new methods to prevent and treat this disease.Methods::Gene expression profiles of the GSE9106, GSE26155, and GSE155468 datasets were acquired from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using the "limma" package in R. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), support vector machine-recursive feature elimination (SVM-RFE), random forest, and binary logistic regression analyses were used to screen the diagnostic marker genes. Single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) was used to estimate immune cell infiltration in TAA.Results::A total of 16 DEGs were identified. The enrichment and functional correlation analyses showed that DEGs were mainly associated with inflammatory response pathways and collagen-related diseases. Collagen type I alpha 1 chain ( COL1A1) and synaptotagmin like 2 ( SYTL2) were identified as diagnostic marker genes with a high diagnostic value for TAA. The expression of COL1A1 and SYTL2 was considerably higher in TAA vascular wall tissues than in the corresponding normal tissues, and there were significant differences in the infiltration of immune cells between TAA and normal vascular wall tissues. Additionally, COL1A1 and SYTL2 expression were associated with the infiltration of immune cells in the vascular wall tissue. Single-cell analysis showed that COL1A1 in TAA was mainly derived from fibroblasts and SYTL2 mainly from cluster of differentiation (CD)8 + T cells. In addition, single-cell analysis indicated that fibroblasts and CD8 + T cells in TAA were significantly higher than those in normal arterial wall tissue. Conclusions::COL1A1 and SYTL2 may serve as diagnostic marker genes for TAA. The upregulation of SYTL2 and COL1A1 may be involved in the inflammatory infiltration of the vessel wall and poor extracellular matrix remodeling, promoting the progression of TAA.

Objective:To explore the real work experience and needs of nursing assistants of elderly patients with disability and mental disorders, and provide reference for relevant institutions to develop a reasonable support system and promote their physical and mental health.Methods:From October to November 2022, purposive sampling was used to select nursing assistants of elderly patients with disability and mental disorders from the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University as the research subject. The phenomenological method was used to conduct in-depth interviews, recordings, and transcripts of 12 nursing assistants. The Colaizzi analysis program was used to analyze, organize, refine, and summarize.Results:A total of five themes were extracted, including multiple emotional experiences, lack of rest and relaxation, insufficient professional identity and external support, lack of care knowledge and skills, heavy workload and poor treatment.Conclusions:Accompanying management institutions and hospitals need to strengthen their attention to nursing assistants, reduce their physical and mental burden, attach importance to skill training, increase welfare benefits, enhance professional identity, and improve the quality of care.

Objective To monitor the susceptibility of clinical isolates to antimicrobial agents in tertiary hospitals in major regions of China in 2022.Methods Clinical isolates from 58 hospitals in China were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility using a unified protocol based on disc diffusion method or automated testing systems.Results were interpreted using the 2022 Clinical &Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI)breakpoints.Results A total of 318 013 clinical isolates were collected from January 1,2022 to December 31,2022,of which 29.5％were gram-positive and 70.5％were gram-negative.The prevalence of methicillin-resistant strains in Staphylococcus aureus,Staphylococcus epidermidis and other coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species(excluding Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and Staphylococcus schleiferi)was 28.3％,76.7％and 77.9％,respectively.Overall,94.0％of MRSA strains were susceptible to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and 90.8％of MRSE strains were susceptible to rifampicin.No vancomycin-resistant strains were found.Enterococcus faecalis showed significantly lower resistance rates to most antimicrobial agents tested than Enterococcus faecium.A few vancomycin-resistant strains were identified in both E.faecalis and E.faecium.The prevalence of penicillin-susceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae was 94.2％in the isolates from children and 95.7％in the isolates from adults.The resistance rate to carbapenems was lower than 13.1％in most Enterobacterales species except for Klebsiella,21.7％-23.1％of which were resistant to carbapenems.Most Enterobacterales isolates were highly susceptible to tigecycline,colistin and polymyxin B,with resistance rates ranging from 0.1％to 13.3％.The prevalence of meropenem-resistant strains decreased from 23.5％in 2019 to 18.0％in 2022 in Pseudomonas aeruginosa,and decreased from 79.0％in 2019 to 72.5％in 2022 in Acinetobacter baumannii.Conclusions The resistance of clinical isolates to the commonly used antimicrobial agents is still increasing in tertiary hospitals.However,the prevalence of important carbapenem-resistant organisms such as carbapenem-resistant K.pneumoniae,P.aeruginosa,and A.baumannii showed a downward trend in recent years.This finding suggests that the strategy of combining antimicrobial resistance surveillance with multidisciplinary concerted action works well in curbing the spread of resistant bacteria.

Objective To investigate the distribution and antimicrobial resistance profiles of the common pathogens isolated from urine from 2015 to 2021 in the CHINET Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Program.Methods The bacterial strains were isolated from urine and identified routinely in 51 hospitals across China in the CHINET Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Program from 2015 to 2021.Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by Kirby-Bauer method,automatic microbiological analysis system and E-test according to the unified protocol.Results A total of 261 893 nonduplicate strains were isolated from urine specimen from 2015 to 2021,of which gram-positive bacteria accounted for 23.8％(62 219/261 893),and gram-negative bacteria 76.2％(199 674/261 893).The most common species were E.coli(46.7％),E.faecium(10.4％),K.pneumoniae(9.8％),E.faecalis(8.7％),P.mirabilis(3.5％),P.aeruginosa(3.4％),SS.agalactiae(2.6％),and E.cloacae(2.1％).The strains were more frequently isolated from inpatients versus outpatients and emergency patients,from females versus males,and from adults versus children.The prevalence of ESBLs-producing strains in E.coli,K.pneumoniae and P.mirabilis was 53.2％,52.8％and 37.0％,respectively.The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant strains in E.coli,K.pneumoniae,P.aeruginosa and A.baumannii was 1.7％,18.5％,16.4％,and 40.3％,respectively.Lower than 10％of the E.faecalis isolates were resistant to ampicillin,nitrofurantoin,linezolid,vancomycin,teicoplanin and fosfomycin.More than 90％of the E.faecium isolates were ressitant to ampicillin,levofloxacin and erythromycin.The percentage of strains resistant to vancomycin,linezolid or teicoplanin was＜2％.The E.coli,K.pneumoniae,P.aeruginosa and A.baumannii strains isolated from ICU inpatients showed significantly higher resistance rates than the corresponding strains isolated from outpatients and non-ICU inpatients.Conclusions E.coli,Enterococcus and K.pneumoniae are the most common pathogens in urinary tract infection.The bacterial species and antimicrobial resistance of urinary isolates vary with different populations.More attention should be paid to antimicrobial resistance surveillance and reduce the irrational use of antimicrobial agents.