At present, current stimulation, ultra-sound, and light therapy have become effective methods to promote wound healing. Among them, infrared light is the most widely used method and is one of the important methods to promote wound healing. The therapeutic effect of infrared light on wounds is related to the effect of photobiomodulation on cells and molecules on the skin surface, but the mechanism by which photobiomodulation of infrared light promotes wound healing has not been fully elucidated. Therefore, it is necessary to study the action characteristics and the mechanism of photo-biomodulation of infrared light in promoting wound healing. This article reviews the effect of different types of infrared light on wound healing and the mechanism of infrared light in promoting wound healing.
Infrared Rays ; Low-Level Light Therapy/methods* ; Wound Healing/physiology*

Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) may have an effect on the pain associated with orthodontic treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of LLLT on pain and somatosensory sensitization induced by orthodontic treatment. Forty individuals (12-33 years old; mean ± standard deviations: 20.8 ± 5.9 years) scheduled to receive orthodontic treatment were randomly divided into a laser group (LG) or a placebo group (PG) (1:1). The LG received LLLT (810-nm gallium-aluminium-arsenic diode laser in continuous mode with the power set at 400 mW, 2 J·cm) at 0 h, 2 h, 24 h, 4 d, and 7 d after treatment, and the PG received inactive treatment at the same time points. In both groups, the non-treated side served as a control. A numerical rating scale (NRS) of pain, pressure pain thresholds (PPTs), cold detection thresholds (CDTs), warmth detection thresholds (WDTs), cold pain thresholds (CPTs), and heat pain thresholds (HPTs) were tested on both sides at the gingiva and canine tooth and on the hand. The data were analysed by a repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). The NRS pain scores were significantly lower in the LG group (P = 0.01). The CDTs, CPTs, WDTs, HPTs, and PPTs at the gingiva and the PPTs at the canine tooth were significantly less sensitive on the treatment side of the LG compared with that of the PG (P < 0.033). The parameters tested also showed significantly less sensitivity on the non-treatment side of the LG compared to that of the PG (P < 0.043). There were no differences between the groups for any quantitative sensory testing (QST) measures of the hand. The application of LLLT appears to reduce the pain and sensitivity of the tooth and gingiva associated with orthodontic treatment and may have contralateral effects within the trigeminal system but no generalized QST effects. Thus, the present study indicated a significant analgesia effect of LLLT application during orthodontic treatment. Further clinical applications are suggested.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Low-Level Light Therapy ; methods ; Male ; Pain Management ; Pain Measurement ; Pain Threshold ; physiology ; Tooth Movement Techniques ; adverse effects ; Toothache ; etiology ; radiotherapy ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

Low level laser therapy (LLLT) is a therapeutic method which regulates the biological behavior of cells with light. The effects of LLLT consist of promotion of tissue repair, inhibition of inflammation, and relief of pain by promoting or inhibiting the cell proliferation, increasing or decreasing the release of some bioactive substances. Therefore, LLLT is also known as photomodulation. At present, there are many relevant experimental studies of LLLT abroad, and they are also used clinically. This article reviews the effect of LLLT on wound healing.
Humans ; Low-Level Light Therapy ; methods ; Wound Healing

OBJECTIVETo observe the analgesic effects of single-and combined-laser irradiation with low-intensity applied at "Zusanli" (ST 36) in rats, and their relation to degranulation of mast cells.

METHODSSixty-six SD rats were randomly divided into 6 groups: normal control group (Group NC), model control group (Group MC), sham irradiation group (Group SI), 10.6 microm laser irradiation group (Group 10.6 microm LI), 650 nm laser irradiation group (Group 650 nm LI) and combined (10.6 microm + 650 nm) laser irradiation group (Group CLI). Complete Freund's Adjuvant (0.05 mL) was injected into the left ankle joints of all the rats except those in Group NC to cause acute adjuvant-induced arthritis. In treatment, laser irradiation was applied at "Zusanli" (ST 36) for 30 minutes in all the rats except those in Group NC and Group MC. The paw withdrawal latency (PWL) to radian heat was used to compare analgesic effects among the groups. By means of toluidine blue, dyed slices of local tissues of "Zusanli" (ST 36) were used to observe changes of mast cell degranulation before and after laser irradiation.

RESULTSThe pain thresholds to irradiation of the rats in Group 650 nm LI and Group CLI were significantly higher than those in Group MC and Group SI (P < 0.01), and the mast cell degranulation rate in Group 650 nm LI and Group CLI were also significantly higher than that in Group MC and Group SI (P < 0.001). The pain threshold and mast cell degranulation rate in Group 10. 6 microm LI were not significantly different from those in Group MC and Group SI. There was a linear correlation between mast cell degranulation rate and PWL with 0. 737 in coefficient (P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONSingle 650 nm laser and combined 650 nm + 10.6 microm laser with low intensity irradiated at "Zusanli" (ST 36) in acute adjuvant rats can provide remarkable analgesic effects, and there was a positive correlation between mast cell degranulation rate and analgesic effects, which plays an important part in laser irradiation-induced analgesia.

Acupuncture Analgesia ; methods ; Acute Disease ; Animals ; Arthritis, Experimental ; chemically induced ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Cell Degranulation ; radiation effects ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Freund's Adjuvant ; Low-Level Light Therapy ; methods ; Male ; Mast Cells ; cytology ; physiology ; Pain Measurement ; Pain Threshold ; radiation effects ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVETo assess the efficacy and safety of low-energy QS Nd : YAG and QS alexandrite laser for melsasma.

METHODSWe treated 32 patients with melasma using the low-energy QS Nd : YAG and QS alexandrite laser. Pigment subsided by > or = 90% was regarded as "cured", by 60% -89% as "remarkably improved", by 30% -59% as "effective", and by < 30% as "ineffective" .

RESULTSAmong the 32 patients, 21 patients (65.6%) were cured after (10.2 +/- 3.5) times (range: 4-15 times) of treatments, 11 patients (34.4%) were remarkably improved after (11.4 +/- 2.5) times (range: 10-14 times) of treatment. The rates of "cured" and "remarkably improved" were 81.3% and 18.7% among patients with light brown melasma and 50.0% and 50.0% among patients with dark brown melasma (P < 0.05). In patients with a disease history of less than 2 years, the rates of " cured" and "remarkably improved" were 87.5% and 12.5%, which was significantly better than the treatment results of patients with a disease history of more than 2 years (the rates of "cured" and "remarkably improved" were 58.3% and 41.7%) (P < 0.05). No hyperpigment and scarring was observed and only one patient experienced a transient pigment loss.

CONCLUSIONSLower-energy QS Nd : YAG and QS Alexandrite Laser can be used to treat patients with melasma safely and effectively. The color and disease course of melasma were factors that may affect the treatment results.

Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Lasers, Solid-State ; therapeutic use ; Low-Level Light Therapy ; methods ; Male ; Melanosis ; radiotherapy ; Middle Aged ; Risk Assessment ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo assess the efficacy and safety of the 308 nm excimer laser for the treatment of vitiligo.

METHODSWe treated 170 patients with stable vitiligo by using the 308 nm excimer laser. The lesions of vitiligo were treated one to two times per week for 10-30 times. Efficacies were evaluated every 7 days and 3 days after the treatments were completed. Patients were followed up for two months.

RESULTSThe rates of "remarkably improved" and "cured" were 67.97% and 32.03% in faces, 54.55% and 27.27% in necks, 63.26% and 26.53% in trunks, 38.84% and 15.70% in limbs, and 0 and 0 in hands and feet. The areas of faces had a better response than those of necks, trunks, or limbs (P < 0.01), and the areas of trunks or limbs had better response than that of hands and feet (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe 308 nm excimer laser is safe and effective in treating stable vitiligo and the efficacy varies in different lesion sites.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Lasers, Excimer ; therapeutic use ; Low-Level Light Therapy ; instrumentation ; methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Risk Assessment ; Treatment Outcome ; Vitiligo ; radiotherapy ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo study the biological effects of 585 nm pulsed dye laser (FLPDL) in the treatment of congestive scar.

METHODSBy histological study, collagen VG staining and microvascular staining, we investigated the changes of collagen fibers and the density of microvessels in the congestive scars after FLPDL treatment.

RESULTSHistological and immunohistochemistry examinations showed that FLPDL achieved normal vascularity in the scar after over 3 times of treatment.

CONCLUSIONSPDL treatment can change fundamentally the physiology of wound healing if applied in the early phases.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Cicatrix ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Lasers, Dye ; Low-Level Light Therapy ; methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Treatment Outcome ; Wound Healing ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effectiveness and safety of long-pulsed Alexandrite laser for hair removal.

METHODSHair removal was performed in 1702 hirsute patients with long-pulsed Alexandrite laser. Among them 1603 patients received two or more operations.

RESULTSIn patients who received 2, 3, 4, 5, and > or =6 operations, the effectiveness rates were 9.79%, 18.33%, 29.10%, 37.64%, and 82.68%, respectively. The number of operation correlated with the effectiveness, and > or =6 operations resulted in superior outcomes. Pigmentation occurred in 0.94% of the patients (16/1702).

CONCLUSIONThe long-pulsed Alexandrite laser system is effective and safe in removing hair.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Hair Removal ; methods ; Hirsutism ; radiotherapy ; Humans ; Low-Level Light Therapy ; methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the efficacy and safety of 585 nm flashlamp-pumped pulsed dye lasers (PDL) in the treatment of port-wine stains (PWS).

METHODSA retrospective review was performed in 2 317 patients with PWS who visited the Dermatology Laser Centre of PUMC Hospital and accepted treatment with 585 nm PDL. The correlation between the treatment efficacy and the treatment sessions, lesion types, and usage of other therapies were analyzed. The adverse effects were also observed.

RESULTSAll the 2 317 patients with PWS received 1-13 consecutive treatments with PDL at 2-3-month intervals. The median number of treatment was 4.93 and the median energy density was 8.29 J/cm2. The response rate after 8 treatments sessions were 84%. The response rate in patients whose lesions are characterized as purple plaques with proliferation and treated with isotope, CO2, cryotherapy, and other treatments was significantly lower than the total response rate (P < 0.05). Superficial scar, hyperpigmentation, and hypopigmentation were found in 5.2%, 2.5%, and 4.0% of these patients, respectively.

CONCLUSION585 nm PDL is effective and safe in treating PWS.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Low-Level Light Therapy ; adverse effects ; methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Port-Wine Stain ; radiotherapy ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of Q-switched Alexandrite laser in the treatment of pigmentary skin, diseases ( PSDs).

METHODSTotally 4 656 patients with PSDs were treated with Q-switched Alexandrite laser. These PDSs included nevus of Ota, seborrheic keratosis, tattoo, naevus fusco-caeruleus zygomaticus, cafe-au-lait-spots, lentigo, naevus of Ito, and spilus naevus. The outcomes and adverse events after treatment were oberserved.

RESULTSThe response rate was 92.31% and the cure rate was 55.39% for nevus of Ota after six times of treatment, and the cure rate was 100% after nine times of treatment. The response rate was 100% for freckles, seborrheic keratosis, and naevus fuscocaeruleus zygomaticus after four times of treatment. The response rate was more than 77.18% and the cure rate was more than 50% for tattoos after three times of treatment, including amateur tattoo, artificial eyebrow, eyelid lines, and traumatic tattoo. However, after four times of treatment, the response rate and the cure rate were only 50. 00% and 21.43% for cafe-au-lait spots, and 50.00% and 25.00% for spilus naevus, respectively. The response rate was 35.29% for lentigo and 25.00% for naevus of Ito/ spilus naevus after four times of treatment.

CONCLUSIONQ-switched Alexandrite laser is effective in the treatment of nevus of Ota, seborrheic keratosis, tattoo, and naevus fusco-caeruleus zygomaticus, but has limited efficacy for cafe-au-lait-spots, lentigo, naevus of Ito, and spilus naevus.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Low-Level Light Therapy ; adverse effects ; methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pigmentation Disorders ; radiotherapy ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome