OBJECTIVES: In recent decades, due to the high prevalence of divorce in numerous countries and the detrimental aftermath thereof, it has become increasingly important to study the components of marital stability. The current study explored fundamental protective factors in long-term marriage through a systematic review. METHODS: Searches for relevant publications were conducted in Embase, Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Magiran, and Scientific Information Database from their inception through January 30, 2019. Through the keyword search, 1,706 articles were found, of which 25 articles remained after screening based on the eligibility criteria. RESULTS: The extracted protective factors associated with marital stability in long-term marriage were classified as interpersonal and intrapersonal. Notable extracted factors included spirituality and religion, commitment, sexual relationship, communication, children, love and attachment, intimacy, and conflict resolution approach. These findings show that some aspects of relationships, such as commitment, act to preserve the pillars of marriage in critical situations, while other aspects, such as intimacy, help to construct marital identity and satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS: The identified components of marital stability are structures that enhance a couple’s identity and sense of togetherness. Identifying the specific aspects of marital relationships that contribute to marital stability may help specialists and researchers to target specific types of marital interaction that may enhance the happiness and longevity of relationships, thereby preventing avoidable divorces.
Child ; Divorce ; Happiness ; Humans ; Longevity ; Love ; Marriage ; Mass Screening ; Negotiating ; Prevalence ; Protective Factors ; Specialization ; Spirituality

OBJECTIVES: In recent decades, due to the high prevalence of divorce in numerous countries and the detrimental aftermath thereof, it has become increasingly important to study the components of marital stability. The current study explored fundamental protective factors in long-term marriage through a systematic review.METHODS: Searches for relevant publications were conducted in Embase, Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Magiran, and Scientific Information Database from their inception through January 30, 2019. Through the keyword search, 1,706 articles were found, of which 25 articles remained after screening based on the eligibility criteria.RESULTS: The extracted protective factors associated with marital stability in long-term marriage were classified as interpersonal and intrapersonal. Notable extracted factors included spirituality and religion, commitment, sexual relationship, communication, children, love and attachment, intimacy, and conflict resolution approach. These findings show that some aspects of relationships, such as commitment, act to preserve the pillars of marriage in critical situations, while other aspects, such as intimacy, help to construct marital identity and satisfaction.CONCLUSIONS: The identified components of marital stability are structures that enhance a couple's identity and sense of togetherness. Identifying the specific aspects of marital relationships that contribute to marital stability may help specialists and researchers to target specific types of marital interaction that may enhance the happiness and longevity of relationships, thereby preventing avoidable divorces.
Child ; Divorce ; Happiness ; Humans ; Longevity ; Love ; Marriage ; Mass Screening ; Negotiating ; Prevalence ; Protective Factors ; Specialization ; Spirituality

BACKGROUND: Behavior guidance is a technique used to subdue inappropriate behavior by establishing communication that meets the needs of a child. This study aimed to measure the effectiveness of a mobile app (Little Lovely Dentist) compared to the tell-show-do (TSD) technique in managing anxious children during their first dental visit.METHODS: Fifty children (30 boys and 20 girls) without any past dental experience, aged from 7 to 11 years, were randomly allocated into either the dental app group or the TSD group. The pre- and post-operative anxiety of children who underwent prophylactic cleaning was assessed both physiologically and subjectively using a heart rate measurement and the RMS pictorial scale, respectively.RESULTS: The intragroup comparison of heart rate and RMS scores for children allocated to the dental app group was statistically significant (P value ≤ 0.001). However, a significant reduction only occurred in the RMS scores, but not the heart rate measurements, in the TSD group. Conversely, there was an increase in heart rates in the TSD group.CONCLUSION: Educating the child prior to a dental procedure using a smartphone application such as Little Lovely Dentist can significantly alleviate the anticipatory anxiety and engage children in dental treatment during their first visit.
Anxiety ; Child ; Dental Anxiety ; Dentists ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Love ; Mobile Applications ; Smartphone

Background: The Filipino family has always been described to have solid household, innate close family ties and high regard to interpersonal relationships. However, there has been paucity of local studies regarding Filipino families and how specifically do Filipinos see, define and perceive a family unit in general. Objective: To explore Filipino family’s concepts and ideas of what qualities represent and define a well family. Method: The study was qualitative in design with mixed data collection methods: 18 interviews, 10 Focus Group Discussions, and a literature review. Results: Caring parents, unconditional love, able to maintain a good relationship between family members, constant presence for loved ones and capacity to forgive were reflected as important characteristics of a well Filipino family. Love and respect are considered to be the foundations and faith in God as an important component of a family. However, the wellness of the family begins with husband-wife relationship and that a strong and happy marital relationship will provide mutual support, encouragement and understanding. Likewise, financial capability combined with a commitment to provide for the family’s future was a quality believed to bind the family together. Physical well-being and the absence of diseases were also part of family wellness. Conclusion The nine qualities of a well Filipino family include loving, affectionate, responsible family members; spiritually healthy; has the capacity to provide; having strong husband-wife relationship; effective parents; has a system of open communication within the family; united with flexible family structure; spends time together; and physically healthy with good community life.
Family ; Parents ; Marriage ; Love ; Respect ; Family Structure

Future medical technology breakthroughs will build from the incredible progress made in computers, biotechnology, and nanotechnology and from the information learned from the human genome. With such technology and information, computer-aided diagnoses, organ replacement, gene therapy, personalized drugs, and even age reversal will become possible. True 3-dimensional system technology will enable surgeons to envision key clinical features and will help them in planning complex surgery. Surgeons will enter surgical instructions in a virtual space from a remote medical center, order a medical robot to perform the operation, and review the operation in real time on a monitor. Surgeons will be better than artificial intelligence or automated robots when surgeons (or we) love patients and ask questions for a better future. The purpose of this paper is looking at the future medical science and the changes of colorectal surgeons.
Artificial Intelligence ; Biotechnology ; Diagnosis ; Genetic Therapy ; Genome, Human ; Humans ; Love ; Nanotechnology ; Surgeons* ; Telemedicine

Care for the human spirit is a core component of quality end-of-life care. Logotherapy, based on the premise that the primary motivation of human beings is to find meaning and purpose in life, can be helpful in providing care for patients, families, and loved ones in hospice care. The use of Socratic dialog in posing questions about one's life experiences, values, and attitudes is a useful method of evoking reflection. Guidance for finding meaning, even until one's last moments, can be found in the three categories: (a) tasks or deeds, (b) experiences of love and beauty, and (c) attitudes chosen in spite of a fate that cannot be changed. Self-transcendence, defined as getting outside the self for the good of others, can add meaning to life. A growing body of research concerning meaning-centered therapy is promising for improving spiritual well-being and a sense of meaning and purpose in life.
Beauty ; Hospice Care* ; Hospices* ; Humans ; Life Change Events ; Love ; Methods ; Motivation ; Psychotherapy ; Spirituality ; Stress, Psychological

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to explore the experience of the meaning in life for elementary school students. METHODS: The conceptual framework was based on the five main concepts (meaning in life, creativity, experiences, attitudes, choice and responsibility) of logotherapy. Data from 1,600 higher grade elementary school students were analyzed for content of meaning in life. RESULTS: The experiences of meaning in life were identified as follows: Important things in my life (people close to me, things that brings me happiness, to live in earnest, surrounding environment), Activities I like to do (relaxing, achievements, family relationships), Experiences that made me feel like I am loved (taken care of by family, material recompense, being respected), Times when I feel grateful (receive love and care, health), Importance of choices (consequences of bad choices, result of good life choices). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that elementary school students can understand meaningcentered health education and this kind of education is necessary to promote their wholistic health.
Creativity ; Education ; Happiness ; Health Education ; Holistic Health ; Humans ; Love ; Psychotherapy*

This article aims to evaluate and analyze the description of the modern hospital as history record, which appeared in YI Kwang Su's novel Love. This novel has mentioned in detail western style clinic, Bukgando Catholic hospital, tuberculosis sanitarium as its main space. Modern hospitals are depicted in the novel has a great significance in historical aspect as well as in literary aspect. The most data on modern hospital is laws, statistics and newspaper archives. These materials are a great help to understand the history and status of the modern hospital. Literary description here is important materials, that specific to reconstruct the appearance of the modern hospital at that time. Literary representations infuse life into the history record. In this regard, Love has special meaning in the history of Korean modern literature. Before anything else, doctor AN Bin's clinic as a first space of the novel vividly shows the reality of the Western style clinic and a general practitioner under the colonial period. The establishment of the hospital was based on ⌜Rules on private hospital⌟ declared by the Japanese Government General of Korea in 1919. According to this Rules, a private clinic's founder had to submit the documents to the director of police affairs, in which all the details were written. It included name of hospital, site location and size, floor plan of a nearby building, each size of patient's rooms, number of steps and emergency exit, bath, toilet, disinfecting room. AN Bin's clinic was a private hospital with the requirements in the rules. The descriptions of this clinic re-created real situation of private hospitals, specifically scale of hospital, interior space, conditions of patient's room at the time. The second modern hospital in the novel is Bukgando Catholic hospital. There is a lot more materials on medical activity and hospital of protestant churches than we thought. But we do not have a lot of information on catholic church's medical activities and hospital. In this respect, Bukgando Catholic hospital in Love has a great value as historical material. The medical activity of catholic churches was weak than protestant's one under the japanese colonial period. But there were catholic church's medical activities and hospitals. The catholic church's professional medical activities are mainly deployed since the 1930s in earnest, especially Bukgando Catholic hospital played an important role. The catholic hospital in this novel is valuable material to understand medical activities of catholic church. Third form of the modern hospital described in the Love is tuberculosis sanitarium. WADA Tomomi maintained that the model of Bukhan sanitarium was Kyeongseong sanitarium, that was established by the seventh-day adventist in 1936. She thinks, that the adventist church's treatment is similar to Bukhan sanitarium's. The therapy of the adventist church, however, was common from tuberculosis treatment at the time and AN Bin was not adventist. And WADA Tomomi said that ‘ozone’ therapy of Bukhan sanitarium came from Kyeongseong sanitarium. But we can find this therapy in Haeju sanitarium. In this respect, AN Bin's sanitarium is similar to Haeju sanitarium. YI Kwang Su had not modeled his Bukhan sanitarium on certain sanitarium. He had integrated the materials on sanitarium and envisioned Bukhan sanitarium. Here Haeju sanitarium played important role than Kyeongseong sanitarium. In conclusion, Love has a special meaning as an important historical material, that restore and understand the history of the modern hospital. Literature is worth as a record of the society. In particular, novel infuses human breath into the history record, as if we can see the motion picture.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group* ; Baths ; Emergencies ; General Practitioners ; Hospitals, Chronic Disease ; Hospitals, Private ; Humans ; Jurisprudence ; Korea ; Literature, Modern ; Love* ; Motion Pictures as Topic ; Patients' Rooms ; Police ; Protestantism ; Tuberculosis

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to discover the structure of the lived experience of suffering of families with cancer patients to develop a theoretical foundation that can be used to reinforce nursing practice for cancer patients and their families. METHODS: A qualitative study was performed using Parse's research method. Participants were four families with cancer patients. From February 2009 through April 2010, data were collected via dialogicalengagement between participants and the researcher and analyzed through the extraction-synthesis and heuristic interpretation processes. RESULTS: The structure was identified as follows. The families' lived experience of suffering was a process through which they experienced a psychological shock of cancer diagnosis and difficulties associated with reshuffled roles among family members, and made efforts to care for the patients. CONCLUSION: Amidst sadness, pain, anxiety, guilt, fear and agony, the families focused on the human-health-universe aspect and found meanings of their experiences as love, triumphant, responsibility and hope. As such, the study results suggest that the suffering of families with cancer patients is a human becoming process of positive transformation.
Anxiety ; Diagnosis ; Guilt ; Heuristics ; Hope ; Humans ; Humans* ; Love ; Methods* ; Nursing ; Qualitative Research ; Shock ; Stress, Psychological

There is a considerable body of literature describing the trials of meditation as adjunctive treatment of psychiatry. Although meditation has included various concepts and activity through a long history, meditation used as a therapeutic intervention in psychiatry has usually been accepted as a kind of emotion and attention regulation training. The aim of this article was to review historical origin, clinical effectiveness, and neurobiological mechanism of meditation as treatment for psychiatric disorders. Meditation is originated from various types of religious tradition. In general, meditation is divided by the consciousness meditation and the awareness meditation. Concept of mindfulness-based therapy is mainly based on awareness meditation. In addition to two types of meditation, loving kindness meditation is developed and exercised in compassion-focused therapy. Neurobiological evidence suggests that meditation reduces stress-related autonomic and endocrine change. In addition, research using neuroimaging has provided biological evidence that a specific region of brain activity and connectivity is related to subjective experience of meditation. Clinical trials support the effectiveness of meditation for the treatment of anxiety, depression, and any other stress-related disorders. In the future, profound understanding of the neurobiological mechanism, clinical effectiveness, and side effects of meditation as treatment intervention of for psychiatric disorders would be provided for evidence based meditative practice.
Anxiety ; Brain ; Complementary Therapies ; Consciousness ; Depression ; Love ; Meditation* ; Mindfulness* ; Neuroimaging