Objective: To explore the impacts of coal mine dust on lung function in rats, so as to provide the basis for the early prevention and treatment of coal worker's pneumoconiosis. Methods: Seventy-two SPF-grade 8-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the coal dust group, the coal-silica dust group, the silica dust group and the control group. The rats in the first three groups of rats were administered 1 mL corresponding dust suspension into the lungs using non-exposure tracheal instillation, while the rats in the control group were administered 1 mL normal saline. Respiratory rate (f), forced vital capacity (FVC), peak expiratory flow (PEF) and dynamic pulmonary compliance (Cdyn) were measured at 1, 3 and 6 months after dust exposure. Lung tissues were collected to measure reactive oxygen species (ROS) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels using corresponding ELISA kits and ATP assay kits, respectively. The relative mRNA expressions of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) and mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) were detected using real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay. The relative protein expressions of PGC-1α and TFAM were detected using Western blotting. Results: There was no interaction between dust type and exposure duration on f (P>0.05), but there were interactions on FVC, PEF and Cdyn (all P<0.05). Compared with the control group at 6 months after dust exposure, the f of the rats in the silica dust group were increased, while the FVC and PEF of the rats in the coal-silica dust and silica dust groups were decreased, and Cdyn of the rats in the coal dust, coal-silica dust and silica dust groups were decreased (all P<0.05). There were interactions between dust type and exposure duration on ROS and ATP levels, the relative mRNA and protein expressions of PGC-1α and TFAM (all P<0.05). Compared with the control group at 3 and 6 months after dust exposure, the ROS levels in the rats in the coal dust, coal-silica dust and silica dust groups were increased, while the ATP levels, the relative mRNA and protein expressions of PGC-1α and TFAM were decreased (all P<0.05). Conclusion The lung function impairment in rats caused by different types of coal mine dust is related to PGC-1α-mediated mitochondrial biogenesis dysfunction, which leads to increased ROS levels, decreased ATP and TFAM levels.

OBJECTIVE To establish a interview outline design process and quality control evaluation method based on grounded theory， providing ideas for qualitative research interview outline design in medical fields. METHODS A literature review was conducted to understand the current research status； a preliminary interview outline was developed around the research content. The triangulation method， group evaluation， expert review and pre-interview were adopted to execute the interview outline and conduct quality control. The evaluation indicators and target values were formulated （an average score for the overall quality evaluation of all indicators ≥4.5， and an average score for individual indicators ≥4.00） to evaluate the effect of the interview outline. Taking the research on the mechanism of physicians’ prescribing behavior under the background of Diagnosis Related Groups （DRGs） payment as an example， the methodological contents of above interview outline were applied in practical research. RESULTS The interview outline included basic information and interview questions. The interview questions were divided into three parts：influencing factors survey， promoting and hindering factors of standardizing physician prescription behavior， and communication， with a total of 12 questions. After being reviewed by members of the research group， experts review and pre- interview， a total of 9 people participated in the quality control evaluation of the interview outline. The overall evaluation score was 4.94 （＞4.50）， and the average score of each indicator was greater than 4.00， indicating that the quality of the outline met the requirements for the interview and could be used for the formal interview. CONCLUSIONS The established interview outline design and quality control method based on grounded theory provides ideas for the qualitative research interview outline design in the medical field， and lays the foundation for further using grounded theory to study the influencing factors and mechanisms of physician prescription behavior under the DRG background.

BackgroundNon-suicidal self-injury （NSSI） behavior among adolescents has become a global public health concern. Anxiety and depression are considered key factors influencing NSSI behavior， while social support may play a protective role in alleviating emotional and behavioral issues. However， existing research has primarily focused on the direct impact of individual factors on NSSI behavior， with insufficient exploration of the combined effects of anxiety， depression and social support. ObjectiveTo investigate the direct effect of anxiety on NSSI， the mediating role of depression and the moderating role of social support in relationship between anxiety and NSSI behavior， thus to provide references for the prevention and intervention of NSSI behavior among adolescents. MethodsIn February 2022， a total of 40 820 students in grades 7 to 12 across 10 middle schools in a district of Chengdu were selected as participants， and they were assessed using Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-7 item （GAD-7）， Patient's Health Questionnaire Depression Scale-9 item （PHQ-9）， Social Support Scale for Urban Students （SSSUS） and Adolescent Self-Harm Scale （ASHS）. Pearson correlation analysis was conducted to examine the correlations between scale scores among adolescents with NSSI behaviors. Mediation and moderation analyses were performed using Process 3.5 in SPSS， and the significance was tested with bootstrapping. The interaction was visualized by using simple slope analysis. ResultsAmong 34 534 （84.60%） valid respondents， 542 adolescents （1.57%） reported engaging in NSSI behavior. Significant differences in gender， GAD-7 scores， PHQ-9 scores， and SSSUS scores were observed between NSSI behavior group and non-NSSI group （χ²/t=62.889， 71.120， 94.365， -41.464， P<0.01）.Adolesents with NSSI showed positive correlations between GAD-7 scores and both ASHS and PHQ-9 scores （r=0.158， 0.166， P<0.01）. PHQ-9 scores were positively correlated with ASHS scores （r=0.364， P<0.01）， but negatively correlated with SSSUS scores （r=-0.290， P<0.01）. SSSUS scores were negatively correlated with ASHS scores （r=-0.247， P<0.01）. Depression partially mediated the relationship between anxiety and NSSI behavior， with an effect size of 0.544 （95% CI： 0.162~0.944）， accounting for 35.79% of the total effect. Social support moderated the relationship between depression and NSSI bahavior， with an effect value of -0.082 （95% CI： -0.135~-0.029）. ConclusionAnxiety not only directly influences NSSI bahavior among adolescents， also indirectly exacerbates it through depression， while social support mitigates the impact of depression on NSSI behavior. ［Funded by Youth Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China （number， 82401812）； Project of Health Commission of Sichuan Province （number， 24LCYJPT18）］

Pyroptosis, an inflammatory caspase-dependent programmed cell death, plays a vital role in maintaining tissue homeostasis and activating inflammatory responses. Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) is an aseptic force-induced inflammatory bone remodeling process mediated by the activation of periodontal ligament (PDL) progenitor cells. However, whether and how force induces PDL progenitor cell pyroptosis, thereby influencing OTM and alveolar bone remodeling remains unknown. In this study, we found that mechanical force induced the expression of pyroptosis-related markers in rat OTM and alveolar bone remodeling process. Blocking or enhancing pyroptosis level could suppress or promote OTM and alveolar bone remodeling respectively. Using Caspase-1^-/- mice, we further demonstrated that the functional role of the force-induced pyroptosis in PDL progenitor cells depended on Caspase-1. Moreover, mechanical force could also induce pyroptosis in human ex-vivo force-treated PDL progenitor cells and in compressive force-loaded PDL progenitor cells in vitro, which influenced osteoclastogenesis. Mechanistically, transient receptor potential subfamily V member 4 signaling was involved in force-induced Caspase-1-dependent pyroptosis in PDL progenitor cells. Overall, this study suggested a novel mechanism contributing to the modulation of osteoclastogenesis and alveolar bone remodeling under mechanical stimuli, indicating a promising approach to accelerate OTM by targeting Caspase-1.
Animals ; Humans ; Mice ; Rats ; Bone Remodeling/physiology* ; Caspase 1 ; Periodontal Ligament ; Pyroptosis ; Tooth Movement Techniques

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects and mechanism of polysaccharides from Hedyotis diffusa （HDP） on isoniazid （INH）-induced liver injury. METHODS Healthy transgenic zebrafish with liver-specific fluorescence were divided into normal group， model group （4 mmol/L INH）， HDP low-concentration group （4 mmol/L INH+50 mg/mL HDP） and HDP high- concentration group （4 mmol/L INH+100 mg/mL HDP）. After grouping treating， the liver fluorescence area， fluorescence intensity and pathological changes of liver tissue were observed. Human liver L02 cells were divided into normal group， model group （4 mmol/L INH）， HDP low-concentration group （4 mmol/L INH+2 mg/mL HDP）， and HDP high-concentration group （4 mmol/L INH + 4 mg/mL HDP）. After grouping treating， the cell viability was detected， and the levels of alanine transaminase （ALT）， aspartate transaminase （AST）， and the content of glutathione （GSH） as well as the expression levels of silent information regulator 1 （Sirt1）， nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 （Nrf2）， heme oxygenase-1 （HO-1） and quinone oxidoreductase 1 （NQO1） proteins were detected. RESULTS Compared with the model group， the HDP low- and high-concentration groups showed varying degrees of increase in the fluorescence area and fluorescence intensity （except for HDP low-concentration group） of zebrafish liver （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）， and the characteristics of liver injury and necrosis had been improved to varying degrees. Compared with model group， the survival rate of L02 cells， the content of GSH （except for HDP low-concentration group）， the protein expression levels of Sirt1 （except for HDP low-concentration group）， Nrf2， NQO1， HO-1 （except for HDP low-concentration group） were significantly increased in HDP low- and high-concentration groups （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）， and the levels of ALT and AST （except for HDP low-concentration group） were significantly decreased （P＜0.05）； the number of survival cells significantly increased， while the number of damaged or dead cells significantly decreased. CONCLUSIONS HDP has a potential protective effect against INH-induced liver injury， the mechanism of which may be associated with activating Sirt1/Nrf2 signaling pathway， improving mitochondrial function and enhancing antioxidant capacity.

Primary hyperparathyroidism is a disease with a large potential population. Some cases of primary hyperparathyroidism are non-primary, preventable and curable at early stage, requiring long-term follow-up after surgery. Therefore, all-round and full-cycle management are necessary for primary hyperparathyroidism, which involves an enhancing focus on etiological prevention, early detection, prompt diagnosis, timely intervention, multi-disciplinary standardized diagnosis and treatment, and postoperative scientific management. Meanwhile, implementing a "12+5+1" multidisciplinary joint diagnosis and treatment model, along with a two-way referral model, to achieve the transition from a disease-oriented diagnostic and treatment model to a patient-oriented, all-round and full-cycle interdisciplinary management model. This management can reduce the incidence and recurrence rate of primary hyperparathyroidism, and related osteoporosis or osteopenia, fractures, nephrolithiasis, metastatic vascular calcification, and systemic abnormal migratory calcium deposits, improve the overall quality of life and prognosis of patients.

The incidence of parathyroid hyperfunction is high and its clinical manifestations are diverse. Some patients develop chest tightness and palpitations as the main discomfort, which may be caused by the hypocalcemia and hypercalcemia related to negative calcium balance and parathyroid hyperfunction. We report a case of 53 years old male with parathyroid hyperfunction who was diagnosed with osteoporosis before and received conventional regular supplementation of vitamin D and calcium supplements. However, his condition worsened and he developed chest tightness and palpitation. After 1 month of sufficient supplementation of calcium, the symptoms of chest tightness and palpitation disappeared completely. Then we continued to provide the patients enough vitamin D and calcium supplementation actively. After 1 year of follow-up, the patient's condition was stable. His discomfort of chest tightness and palpitation never recurred, and all the bone metabolism indicators returned to normal.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture in patients with Major Depressive Disorders.Methods Search the database for relevant literature published before April 15,2023.Select randomized controlled trial that meeting the enrollment criteria,evaluate the quality of the literature and classify before meta-analysis systematic evaluation.Results 15 RCTs are included in this study,with a total of 1077 patients.The results showed that acupuncture treatment,compared with antidepressants alone,The score of Hamilton Depression Scale(HAMD)in patients with liver-qi depression disorder[MD=-0.73,95%CI(-1.22,-0.24),P<0.05],the score of TCM Syndrome Scale[MD=-1.89,95%CI(-2.35,-1.44),P<0.001],effective rate[RR=1.09,95%CI(1.03,1.153),P=0.001]and TESS score[MD=-2.76,95%CI(-3.68,-1.85),P<0.001]were statistically significant.Compared with fluoxetine hydrochloride,the effective rate of HAMD scale score was statistically significant[RR=1.07,95%CI(1.01,1.14),P<0.05].Conclusion Compared with antidepressants alone,acupuncture therapy has the advantages for the improvement of HAMD score in patients,the improvement of Traditional Chinese medicine symptoms,and significantly less adverse effects than those in the control group.Through this study,it is considered that acupuncture can be a safe and effective treatment modality.However,due to the quantity and quality of the included literature,the above conclusions still need to be verified by more high-quality clinical trials.

Objective To investigate the effects of icariin on high glucose-induced autophagy and apoptosis of podocytes,and the regulating effects on mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR)/serine-threonine kinase(Akt)/cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein(CREB)pathway.Methods The mouse podocytes MPC5 were taken and divided into five groups:normal control group(5.5 mmol·L-1 glucose),high glucose group(30 mmol·L-1 glucose),icariin group(30 mmol·L-1glucose+5 μmol·L-1icariin),GDC-0349 group(30 mmol·L-1glucose+50 μmol·L-1 GDC-0349),icariin+GDC-0349 group(30 mmol·L-1 glucose+5 μmol·L-1 icariin+50 μmol·L-1 GDC-0349).Cultured for 48 hours,the tetramethylazozolium salt method was used to detect the viability of MPC5 cells;acridine orange staining was used to observe the autophagy of MPC5 cells;apoptosis of MPC5 cells was detected by flow cytometry;Western blotting was used to detect the expression of autophagy[microtubule associated protein one light chain 3(LC3)II,LC3Ⅰ,autophagy-related protein(Beclin-1)],apoptosis[Bcl-2 related X protein(Bax),B cell lymphoma-2(Bcl-2)]and mTOR/Akt/CREB pathway-related proteins of MPC5 cells.Results Compared with the normal control group,the cell viability,expression levels of Bcl-2,phosphorylated mTOR(p-mTOR)/mTOR,phosphorylated Akt(p-Akt)/Akt,phosphorylated CREB(p-CREB)/CREB protein of MPC5 cells in the high glucose group were significantly decreased(P＜0.05),the autophagy ability was enhanced,the autophagosome showed orange fluorescence,and the apoptosis rate,LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ,Beclin-1,Bax protein expression levels were significantly increased(P＜0.05).Compared with the high glucose group,the cell viability,LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ,Beclin-1,Bcl-2,p-mTOR/mTOR,p-Akt/Akt,p-CREB/CREB protein expression levels of MPC5 cells in icariin group were significantly increased,the autophagy ability was further enhanced,the number of autophagosomes was increased,the autophagosomes showed brick red fluorescence(P＜0.05),the apoptosis rate and Bax protein expression level were significantly decreased(P＜0.05),and the cell viability,LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ,Beclin-1,Bcl-2,p-mTOR/mTOR,p-Akt/Akt and p-CREB/CREB proteins expression levels of MPC5 cells in GDC-0349 group were significantly decreased,the autophagy ability was weakened,the number of autophagosomes was reduced,the autophagosomes showed orange fluorescence(P＜0.05),and the apoptosis rate and Bax protein expression level were significantly increased(P＜0.05);icariin+GDC-0349 could reverse the effect of icariin on high glucose induced MPC5 cells(P＜0.05).Conclusion Icariin promotes elevated glucose-induced podocyte autophagy and inhibits apoptosis by activating the mTOR/Akt/CREB pathway.

Objective To investigate the hemodynamic effects of enhanced external counterpulsation(EECP)on cerebral arteries with different stenoses.Methods Zero-dimensional/three-dimensional multiscale hemodynamic models of cerebral arteries with different stenoses were constructed.Numerical simulations of the EECP hemodynamics were performed under different counterpulsation modes to quantify several hemodynamic indicators of the cerebral arteries.Among them,the mean time-averaged wall shear stress(TAWSS)downstream of the stenosis was in the range of 4-7 Pa,a low percentage of TAWSS risk area,and high narrow branch flow were considered to inhibit the development of atherosclerosis and create a good hemodynamic environment.Results For cerebral arteries with 50%,60%,70%,and 80%stenosis,the hemodynamic environment was optimal in counterpulsation mode when the moment of cuff deflation was 0.5,0.6,0.7,and 0.7 s within the cardiac cycle.Conclusions For 50%stenotic cerebral arteries,the counterpulsation mode with a deflation moment of 0.5 s should be selected.For 60%stenotic cerebral arteries,the counterpulsation mode with a deflation moment of 0.6 s should be selected.For 70%or 80%stenotic cerebral arteries,the counterpulsation mode with a deflation moment of 0.7 s should be selected.As stenosis of the cerebral arteries increases,the pressure duration should be prolonged.This study provides a theoretical reference for the EECP treatment strategy for patients with ischemic stroke with different stenoses.