Background Anxiety and depression are common perinatal mental health issues that often occur together and can have serious negative effects on both maternal and infant health. Objective To examine the relationships between lifestyle factors and comorbid anxiety and depression (CAD) among pregnant women in Shanghai. Methods The study estimated the prevalence of CAD during the first, second, and third trimesters of pregnancy using the Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression (CES-D) based on data from the China National Birth Cohort (CNBC) embryonic-derived diseases with assisted reproductive technology (ART) sub-cohort. Information on demographics, sleep status, nutritional intake, and exercise during each trimester was collected through self-made questionnaires, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Lifestyle factors (such as sleep status, nutritional intake, and exercise during each trimester) were analyzed using logistic regression and generalized linear mixed models (GLMM) to determine their impacts on the prevalence of CAD (yes or no) among pregnant women. Results A total of 2876 pregnant women were included in this study. The prevalence of CAD was 10.6% (305), 3.6% (103), and 5.5% (159) in the first, second, and third trimesters of pregnancy, respectively. The logistic regression analysis revealed that poor sleep quality throughout the entire pregnancy were statistically associated with an increased prevalence of CAD, and the odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were 2.817 (1.845, 4.301), 2.840 (1.855, 4.347), and 9.316 (5.835, 14.876) for the first, second, and third trimesters, respectively, when compared to good sleep quality. Additionally, compared to an intake frequency of 7 times per week, the frequency of egg intake ≤3 times per week in the first trimester (OR=2.025, 95%CI: 1.197, 3.425) and the frequency of egg intake of 4–6 times per week (OR=1.896, 95%CI: 1.117, 3.216) or ≤3 times per week (OR=1.906, 95%CI: 1.082, 3.357) in the third trimester were associated with an increased risk of CAD (P<0.05). Moreover, when compared to a frequency of exercise >3 times per week, never or almost never exercising in the second trimester (OR=2.218, 95%CI: 1.220, 4.035) was associated with an increased risk of CAD (P<0.05). The GLMM analysis also demonstrated a significant association between poor sleep quality, lower exercise frequency, or lower intake frequency of vegetables, eggs, or milk and an increased risk of CAD (P<0.05). Conclusion The prevalence of CAD among pregnant women in Shanghai follows a U-shaped distribution, with the highest rate occurring in early pregnancy and the lowest rate in mid-pregnancy. Factors such as poor sleep quality, inadequate intake of vegetables, eggs, or milk, and lack of exercise during pregnancy may increase the risk of CAD. Implementing lifestyle interventions during pregnancy could potentially reduce the risk of mental health problems and improve the overall health of both mothers and babies.

BACKGROUND:Human plantar pressure can reflect the health status of the lower limbs and even the whole body,which is an important basis for gait analysis,and body mass index is an important influencing factor. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of body mass index on plantar pressure. METHODS:Twenty young college students from Xuzhou Medical University,including 10 males and 10 females aged 19-21 years,were selected as test subjects and divided into three groups according to the body mass index value:overweight group(body mass index>25 kg/m2,n=3),lean group(body mass index<18 kg/m2,n=4),and normal group(body mass index 18-25 kg/m2,n=13).A natural walking gait test was carried out on the three groups of subjects with a Zebris pressure distribution measurement plate to obtain the complete gait cycle parameters.The time proportion of support time phase,peak pressure,time to peak force,peak force and impulse volume were analyzed and the correlation between each parameter and the body mass index was analyzed by Person analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Compared with the other two groups,the time proportion of support time phase of subjects in the overweight group was relatively small,while the time proportion in the foot heel contact period and forefoot extension period was relatively large.There was a positive correlation of the time proportion of the foot heel contact period and forefoot extension period with body mass index,while there was a negative correlation between the time proportion of the arch support period and body mass index.(2)The peak pressure of the left arch and palm of the foot of the subjects of the overweight group was higher than that of the normal group,and the peak pressure of the left and right palm of the foot of the lean group was lower than that of the normal group.The peak pressure was positively correlated with the body mass index during the foot heel contact period.There was a significant positive correlation between the peak pressure of the left foot and body mass index during the arch support period as well as the peak pressure of both feet and body mass index during the forefoot extension period.(3)Plantar peak force time in the order of the gait cycle in increasing order:heeltoe/middle 2-4 metatarsal>lateral heel>medial and lateral metatarsal>arch;medial heel peak force was the largest,and the arch peak force was the smallest.Except for the toe of the left foot,there was a significant positive correlation between peak force and body mass index.(5)The maximum ground impulse of the lean group and the overweight group was in the foot heel contact stage,the minimum ground impulse was in the forefoot extension period,and the minimum ground impulse of the arch was in the normal group.There was a significant positive correlation between ground impulse and body mass index at different periods.(6)The results show that young people should control their body mass index,wear appropriate shoes,protect their feet and ankles,and prevent the occurrence of flat feet.

Objective:To analyze the clinical features of adult deficiency of adenosine deaminase 2 (DADA2) with neurological impairment.Methods:The clinical data of an adult DADA2 patient with concurrent neurological damage who visited the Department of Neurology, Mindong Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University on September 18, 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. The clinical studies or case reports related to adult DADA2 with nervous system involvement from Pubmed, CNKI, and Wanfang databases were retrieved, and the clinical characteristics of adult DADA2 with neurological damage were summarized. The clinical data of children with nervous system involvement in the same study cohorts were also collected, and the clinical features of DADA2 between adults and children were compared.Results:The patient was a 30-year-old male, mainly presenting with manifestations of livedo reticularis, stroke and spastic paraplegia. Genetic testing showed a compound heterozygous mutation in the adenosine deaminase 2 ( ADA2) gene, and brain MRI showed lacunar infarcts in the right basal ganglia and thalamus, hypertrophic inferior olivary degeneration. The literature review found that a total of 22 adult DADA2 patients with neurological damage have been reported, with a onset age of 25 (19, 29) years. Stroke was the most common feature of neurological involvement in patients with this disease (17/22, 77.3%), followed by cranial nerve damage (7/22, 31.8%) and limb nerve damage (8/22, 36.4%). After the treatment with tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors, the condition of 17/20 patients remained stable or improved. Compared with pediatric DADA2 patients with concurrent neurological damage, the incidence of fever [12/22(54.5%) vs 48/59(81.4%)], arthritis [6/22(27.3%) vs 34/59(57.6%)], and hematological abnormalities [4/22(18.2%) vs 28/60(46.7%)] in adult DADA2 patients was significantly reduced, and the difference was statistically significant (χ 2=5.998, 5.907, 5.489, respectively, all P<0.05). Conclusions:Adult DADA2 with concurrent neurological damage generally onset in early adulthood, mainly manifested as stroke, and may also be accompanied by peripheral nerve damage. Adult patients have fewer systemic symptoms than children, and timely treatment with TNF inhibitors can lead to better outcomes.

Fathers play an important role in supporting maternal breastfeeding. Father's self-efficacy in supporting breastfeeding can predict the outcome of breastfeeding. This article reviews the concept, evaluation tools, roles, status, influencing factors, and intervention measures of self-efficacy in father's support for breastfeeding, so as to provide suggestions for further promoting the formation of breastfeeding intervention plans, thereby improving marital relationships, and promoting infant health.

Objective:To retrieve, evaluate, and integrate the evidence from both domestic and international sources on the management of artificial airways in children.Methods:All evidence on the management of artificial airways in children, including clinical decisions, evidence-based guidelines, expert consensus, best clinical practice manuals, evidence summaries, systematic reviews and so on was retrieved through computer on UpToDate, Cochrane Library, Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Evidence-based Healthcare Center Database in Australia, Guidelines International Network, National Guideline Clearinghouse, American Association for Respiratory Care, PubMed, Medline, CINAHL, China Biomedical Medline Disc, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, WanFang Data, Medlive, and other databases and websites. The search period was from database establishment to April 30, 2022. We evaluated the quality of the included literature, extracted and integrated evidence, determined the level of evidence recommendation.Results:A total of 24 articles were included, including four clinical decisions, six evidence-based guidelines, one systematic review, six expert consensus, one evidence summary, one industry standard, four best clinical practice manuals, and one original study. Finally, 36 recommendations were summarized from five aspects, including artificial airway establishment, airbag management, airway humidification, endotracheal suction and prevention of complication.Conclusions:Artificial airway management in children is crucial for the treatment of critically ill children. The summary of the best evidence can provide a theoretical basis for the standardized management of artificial airways in children.

Neurons are highly interwoven to form intricate neural circuits that underlie the diverse functions of the brain. Dissecting the anatomical organization of neural circuits is key to deciphering how the brain processes information, produces thoughts, and instructs behaviors. Over the past decades, recombinant viral vectors have become the most commonly used tracing tools to define circuit architecture. In this review, we introduce the current categories of viral tools and their proper application in circuit tracing. We further discuss some advances in viral tracing strategy and prospective innovations of viral tools for future study.
Synapses/physiology* ; Prospective Studies ; Neurons/physiology* ; Genetic Vectors ; Brain/physiology* ; Neural Pathways/physiology*

Objective:To explore the mediating effect of adversity quotient between transition shock and work readiness among newly graduated nurses.Methods:This is a cross-sectional study. From May to June 2021, a total of 242 newly graduated nurses from three ClassⅢ Grade A hospitals in Shandong Province were selected as the research objects by the convenient sampling method. The general situation questionnaire, Transition Shock Scale of Newly Graduated Nurses (TSS-NGN) , The Adversity Response Profile (ARP) and Work Readiness Scale for Graduate Nurses (WRS-GN) were used to survey. Pearson correlation analysis was used to test the correlation between transition shock, adversity quotient and work readiness AMOS 23.0 was used to establish the structural equation model. A total of 242 nurses were investigated in this study. 228 valid questionnaires were collected, and the effective recovery rate was 94.21%.Results:Among 228 newly graduated nurses, the total scores of work readiness, transition shock and adversity quotient were respectively (279.04±47.73) , (81.43±22.22) and (132.39±15.00) . Transition shock was negatively correlated with adversity quotient and work readiness ( r=-0.307, -0.291; P<0.01) , and adversity quotient was positively correlated with work readiness ( r=0.339, P<0.01) . The results of structural equation modeling showed that adversity quotient partially mediated between transition shock and work readiness (β=-0.243, P<0.01) , and the mediating effect accounted for 38.76% of the total effect. Conclusions:The work readiness of newly graduated nurses is at the upper middle level. Clinical nursing managers should pay attention to cultivating the adversity quotient of newly graduated nurses, so as to reduce the negative effect of transition shock on their work readiness, in order to realize a good transition from school to clinical nursing work.

This article explains the concept of completion ability, summarizes the measurement tools of nursing students' completion ability and the status of completion ability, and analyzes the influencing factors of nursing students' completion ability from the levels of personal, school, and clinical practice, aiming to explore scientific and effective training models and intervention measures to provide reference for future research.

Parkinson′s disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease. Its main pathological feature is the progressive loss of substantia nigra and other catecholaminergic neurons containing neuromelanin (NM). Therefore, NM may be closely related to the pathogenesis of PD. The content of NM can be detected by NM magnetic sensitive sequence imaging, and then it can be applied to the study of the neuropathological mechanism of NM and PD. This paper focuses on the physiological significance of NM, its role in the pathogenesis of PD and the prospect of NM as a biomarker to assist diagnosis and disease monitoring of PD.

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2) is an autosomal dominant degenerative disease. The main clinical manifestation of SCA2 is progressive cerebellar syndrome, but a wide range of extracerebellar and non-motor symptoms can be observed clinically. The non-motor symptoms and extra-cerebellar signs in SCA2 patients are reviewed to provide a better understanding in cognition, diagnosis and treatment of the disease.