Persistent Müllerian duct syndrome(PMDS) is a rare disorder that arises from a lack of active anti-Müllerian hormone(AMH) or type Ⅱ AMH receptor(AMHR2) deficiency in males with a normal 46, XY chromosome karyotype.It presents that the external genitalia appears normally while the Müllerian duct structure(uterus, fallopian tubes, upper vagina) persists in the body.Common pathogenic factors are mutations in the AMH and AMHR2 genes, inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.This study reported two families with PMDS.The first patient was diagnosed with PMDS due to cryptorchidism in May 2019.Gene sequencing analysis revealed a new missense mutation(c.579G>T; p.W193C) and a splicing mutation(c.622-3C>A; splicing) in the AMHR2 gene.His father had the missense mutation(c.579G>T; p.W193C), and his mother had the splicing mutation(c.622-3C>A; splicing).The second patient was diagnosed with PMDS due to bilateral cryptorchidism, transverse testis ectopia in the right testicle in March 2023.Undegraded Müllerian tube derivatives were found between the two testicles, and serum AMH levels were very high(565.00 μg/L).Gene sequencing analysis reported that the AMHR2 gene had a new deletion mutation(c.835_837del; p.Leu279del).Both his father and mother had a deletion mutation(c.835_837del; p.Leu279del).This study reports two new AMHR2 gene mutations that expand the mutation sites of this rare disease.It is recommended to consider PMDS in the differential diagnosis of cryptorchidism, undergo surgery as early as possible, and treat Müllerian duct derivatives based on individual anatomical characteristics.

BACKGROUND: Dual regimen dolutegravir (DTG) plus lamivudine (3TC) has demonstrated non-inferior efficacy compared to DTG-based three-drug regimens (3DRs), yet directly comparative data regarding the efficacy and safety of DTG + 3TC and bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (B/F/TAF) for therapy-naïve people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 (PWH) are still limited. We aimed to assess the antiviral potency and safety profiles of DTG + 3TC vs. B/F/TAF based on antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naïve PWH in China. METHODS: This retrospective multicenter study enrolled PWH initiating ART with DTG + 3TC or B/F/TAF from 2020 to 2022 in Guangdong and Guangxi. We analyzed response rates based on target not detected (TND) status using intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis. Subgroups were formed based on baseline viral load (VL) (<100,000 vs . ≥100,000 copies/mL) and CD4 + cell count (<200 vs . ≥200 cell/µL). Median time to TND VL was assessed by Kaplan-Meier method. We also measured changes from baseline in CD4 + cell counts, CD4/CD8 ratio, lipid parameters, weight, creatinine (Cr), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and drug-related adverse effects (DRAEs). RESULTS: We enrolled 280 participants, including 137 (48.9%) on DTG + 3TC and 143 (51.1%) on B/F/TAF. At week 48, 96.4% (132/137) on DTG+3TC and 100% (143/143) on B/F/TAF achieved TND ( P = 0.064). At week 12, TND responses were higher with B/F/TAF (78.3% [112/143]) than DTG+3TC (30.7% [42/137]) ( P <0.001). This trend held across subgroups. B/F/TAF achieved TND faster (12 weeks) than DTG+3TC (24 weeks) ( P <0.001). No differences were seen in CD4 + cell count and CD4/CD8 ratio, except in the high-VL subgroup, where B/F/TAF showed better recovery. DRAEs were significantly lower with B/F/TAF (4.9% [7/143]) than with DTG + 3TC (13.1% [18/137]) ( P = 0.016). Lipid parameters, body weight, and Cr increased in both groups over 48 weeks, with DTG+3TC showing a more favorable effect on triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and weight gain. CONCLUSIONS In this real-life study, B/F/TAF led to a faster viral decline and fewer DRAEs compared to DTG+3TC. No significant difference was observed in the TND rate at week 48, regardless of baseline VL and CD4 + cell count. CD4 + recovery was superior for B/F/TAF in participants with high VL. The DTG + 3TC regimen had less impact on metabolic changes than B/F/TAF.
Adult ; Humans ; Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use* ; China ; Emtricitabine/pharmacology* ; HIV Infections/drug therapy* ; HIV-1 ; Lamivudine/pharmacology* ; Lipids ; Retrospective Studies

【Objective】  To study the effects of soil environment on the growth, yield, and quality of Sharen (Amomi Fructus) under different planting patterns. 【Methods】  Soil physical and chemical indices and enzyme activities in four periods including early flowering (March), full flowering (June), fruit ripening (September), and late fruit picking (December), were measured under three planting patterns including natural forest, greenhouse, and rubber forest in Xishuangbanna, China. The changes in soil indices during the growth periods of Sharen (Amomi Fructus) under different planting patterns were analyzed, and the differences in plant growth, yield, and quality under different planting patterns were explored. Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the relationship between soil indices and Sharen (Amomi Fructus) growth, yield, and quality. Principal component analysis was used to investigate the effects of soil environment under different planting patterns on Sharen (Amomi Fructus) growth, yield, and quality. 【Results】  The soil moisture, available potassium content, and urease activity of the three planting patterns of Sharen (Amomi Fructus) increased initially and decreased afterwards throughout the year; pH and organic matter content showed little change in the whole year. Exchangeable manganese content and acid phosphatase activity gradually increased throughout the year. Hydrolyzed nitrogen content, exchangeable calcium content, available zinc content, protease activity, and sucrase activity decreased initially and increased afterwards throughout the year. Exchangeable magnesium content, available iron content, and catalase activity decreased annually. Total nitrogen content, total phosphorus content, and available phosphorus content fluctuated throughout the year. The total potassium content under natural forest and greenhouse planting decreased throughout the year, while the total potassium content under rubber forest showed an upward trend all year round. The organic matter content, total nitrogen content, total potassium content, available potassium content, available zinc content, urease activity, acid phosphatase activity, and catalase activity under greenhouse were significantly lower than those under natural and rubber forests (P < 0.05). Correlation analysis showed that plant growth, yield, and quality of Sharen (Amomi Fructus) were significantly correlated with soil organic matter, total nitrogen, hydrolyzed nitrogen, total phosphorus, available phosphorus, total potassium, available potassium, exchangeable manganese, exchangeable magnesium, exchangeable calcium, available zinc, urease, acid phosphatase, and invertase (P <  0.05). The results of the principal component analysis indicated that the soil environment of Sharen (Amomi Fructus) under natural forest was the best, followed by rubber forest and greenhouse. The order of its advantages and disadvantages is consistent with the growth index of Sharen (Amomi Fructus), but contrary to the yield of Sharen (Amomi Fructus), indicating that the soil environment directly affects the growth index and nutritional components of plants. 【Conclusion】  Different planting patterns of Sharen (Amomi Fructus) have different soil nutrient content, and the change rules in the growths period are not similar, with some differences. Soil indices have impacts on plant growth, yield, and quality of Sharen (Amomi Fructus). Soil ecological environment is positively correlated with the growth characteristics of Sharen (Amomi Fructus) plants, but has no direct correlation with yield and quality.

Objective:To explore any effect of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on neurons, behavior, cerebral blood flow (CBF), vascular regeneration, and the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and CD34 protein in rats modeling cerebral infarction.Methods:Thirty-two adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a sham surgery group (Sham group), a model group (modeled with middle cerebral artery occlusion, MCAO group), an anode transcranial direct current stimulation group (A-tDCS group), and a cathode transcranial direct current stimulation group (C-tDCS group), each of 8. MCAO models were established in the rats of the MCAO, A-tDCS and C-tDCS groups using thread fixation. Twenty-four hours after successful modeling, both the Sham and MCAO groups were connected with electrodes without current stimulation, while the A-tDCS and C-tDCS groups were given 20 minutes of 200μA anodic or cathodic electrical stimulation daily, 5 days a week for 12 days. Before and 24 hours after the modeling, and then after the 12 days of treatment, the four groups received Longa neurobehavioral scoring. Moreover, three days after the modeling as well as after the 12 days of treatment, changes in CBF were observed using MRI. Any blood vessel regeneration was observed using immunofluorescence methods, and the expression of VEGF and CD34 proteins were detected using western blotting.Results:The rats in the MCAO, A-tDCS and C-tDCS groups exhibited various degrees of neurological deficit after the modeling. After the 12 days of treatment the average neurobehavioral scores of the A-tDCS and C-tDCS groups were significantly lower than that of the MCAO group, with the A-tDCS group′s average significantly lower than that of the C-tDCS group. Three days after the modeling, 3D-arterial spin labeling scanning showed a significant decrease in CBF around the ischemic lesion in the MCAO, A-tDCS and C-tDCS groups, but that had increased to varying degrees after 12 days of treatment. The changes in the A-tDCS and C-tDCS groups were significantly larger than in the MCAO group on average, with the former group improving significantly more than the latter. After the 12 days of treatment, new vascularization and the expression of VEGF and CD34 proteins were significantly higher in the A-tDCS and C-tDCS groups than in the MCAO group, with the change in the former group again significantly greater than in the latter.Conclusions:tDCS can relieve the symptoms of neurological deficits in rats with cerebral infarction, promote vascular regeneration, CBF, and expression of VEGF and CD34 proteins. Anodic is superior to cathodic stimulation.

Objective:To study the epidemic status about genotype of the astrovirus, and to provide the epidemic data and control epidemic of infectious disease.Methods:Screening for astrovirus positive nucleic acids was performed using an astrovirus real-time fluorescent PCR kit. RT-PCR amplification was performed with astrovirus-specific primers Mn289/270. The positive products were recovered and purified and directly sequenced. Sequence analysis and phylogenetic analysis of astrovirus sequences were performed using Clustal and MEGA3.0 biological software.Results:From 2016 to 2018, we collected 496 fecal specimens from children with diarrhea from different regions, of them 136 cases had viral diarrhea, and in 17 of them astrovirus (3.4%) was detected, there were more males than females. All the 17 cases were under 5 years of age, and 12 cases (70.58%) were younger than 1 year old. In regional distribution, samples from Xining accounted for 64.70% (11/17), Huangzhong county for 29.41% (5/17), Huangnan Prefecture for 5.88%(1/17). The positive cases were mainly found in April to June, and there was another peak from October to December, which was consistent with the time distribution of rotavirus in past years. Seven strains were HAstV-1, one strain was HAstV-2, and the homology among four strains of HAstV-1 was 99.0%-100%. The homology with the other two strains of the same type was 88.4-95.7%.Conclusions:The dominant genotype of Astrovirus was HAstV-1 in infants with diarrhea in Qinghai, meanwhile there was also HAstV-2.

Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is a global epidemic disease caused by hepatitis B virus that can lead to hepatic failure, even liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The occurrence and development of CHB are closely related to the changes in the gut microbiota communities. To explore the relationship between the structure of gut microbiota and liver biochemical indicators, 14 CHB patients (the CHB group) and 11 healthy people (the CN group) were randomly enrolled in this study. Our results demonstrate that CHB caused changes in the gut microbiota communities and biochemical indicators, such as alanine transaminase, total bilirubin and gamma glutamyl transferase. Furthermore, CHB induced imbalance of the gut microbiota. Prevotella, Blautia, Ruminococcus, Eubacterium eligens group, Bacteroides uniformis and Ruminococcus sp. 5_1_39BFAA were associated with the critical biochemical indicators and liver injury, suggesting a new approach to CHB treatment.
Bacteroides ; Eubacterium ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Hepatitis B virus ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis ; Liver Neoplasms

OBJECTIVE： To e stablish modified aqueous two-phase extraction （ATPE） system of polyphenols from Archidendron clypearia. METHODS ：Taking the polyphenol content ，extraction efficiency and partition coefficient of A. clypearia as indexes ，the solid-liquid ratio ，ethanol mass fraction and ultrasonic time of ATPE system were selected by single factor tests . The aqueous two-phase extracts from different polar parts of A. clypearia was prepared. The modifier was selected by taking polyphenol content and antioxidant activity [IC 50 of 1，1-diphenyl-2-trinitrophenylhydrazine （DPPH）， 2，2′-hydrazine bis （3-ethylbenzothiazole-6-sulfonic acid ） diammonium salt （ABTS）] as indicators ，combined with the grey correlation analysis between polyphenols and antioxidant activity. The effects of modified ATPE system with different mass fraction （0-90％）of modifier on the extraction of polyphenols from A. clypearia were investigated and compared with traditional extraction technology （ultrasonic extraction and heating reflux extraction ）. RESULTS ：The optimal ATPE system included solid-liquid ratio of 1 ∶ 45， ethanol mass fraction of 40％，（NH4）2SO4 mass fraction of 11％，ultrasonic extraction time of 20 min，at room temperature. In 3 validation tests ，polyphenol content ，extraction efficiency and partition coefficient were （28.35±1.01）％（RSD＝3.56％，n＝3）， （98.87±0.19）％（RSD＝0.19％，n＝3）and 13.25±0.71（RSD＝5.39％，n＝3），respectively. The modifier was ethyl acetate. When the mass fraction of ethyl acetate in the ethyl acetate-ethanol mixed solvent was 70％，there was no significant difference in the content and anti-oxidant activity of polyphenols from A. clypearia of modified ATPE （P＞0.05）. The yield and transfer rate of it were si gnificantly higher than those of ultrasonic extraction and heating reflux extraction （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS ：The modified ATPE system with better extraction yield and transfer rate than the traditional extraction technology is successfully established，which can extract polyphenols from A. clypearia 1048214903@qq.com in one step.

Objective: To establish an autoregressive moving average model for the prediction of tuberculosis cases in students of Shanxi Province, and to provide scientific basic for the prevention and treatment of pulmonary tuerculosis among students. Methods: A optimized ARIMA model was set up based on reported monthly data of TB in students from January 2010 to September 2019 in Shanxi Province by SAS 9.3 software, and the incidence trend in the next two years was predicted. Results: The average reported rate of active TB in students of Shanxi Province was 23.52 per 100 000 from 2010 to 2019,showing an overall downward trend(χ2=999 980.46，P<0.01). The optimal model was SARIMA(0，1，1)(0，1，1)12,SBC=982.16. The fitted equation was (1-0.63B) (1-B12)Yt=(1-0.61B12)εt. The mean relative error was 19.35%,and the predicted incidence trend was consistent with the previous years,and the peak was from March to May. Conclusion Substantial progress has been made in student TB prevention of Shanxi Province. The ARIMA product season model is suitable for forecasting the TB incidence in students,so as to provide scientific guidance for its early prevention and control.

Objective: To compare the irradiated dose to unprotected lymph node stations (LNS) between volume-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) and 5-field intensity-modulated radiotherapy (5F-IMRT) in the treatment of patients with upper thoracic esophageal cancer. Methods: A total of 20 patients were selected for re-planning. LNS were not included in the GTV and CTV, instead, LNS were contoured as normal tissues. However, LNS were not constrained in the VMAT and 5F-IMRT inverse optimization for protection. Dosimetric parameters of conformal index (CI), homogeneity index (HI) of targets, V₉₅, V₁₁₀ of planning target volume (PTV), D_mean, V₅, V₂₀, V₃₀ of lung, D_mean, V₂₅ of heart, D_max of spinal cord, MU, as well as the equivalent uniform dose (EUD) and V₄₀ of LNS were compared between the two plans. Results: 5F-IMRT was superior in PTV_V_95% (t=-9.4, P<0.05), but worse in terms of CI (t=-5.3, P<0.05) compared with VMAT. 5F-IMRT reduced the V₅ of lung by 10.9% (t=-7.8, P<0.05) and the D_max of spinal cord by 9% (t=-10.2, P<0.05), but increased the MU (t=-6.2, P<0.05) compared with VMAT. The average EUD and V₄₀ of LNS in upper thoracic were significantly increased by 4.7% and 2.4% in 5F-IMRT compared with VMAT, respectively. The irradiated doses to LNS were significantly associated with the volume of PTV (R=0.716-0.933, P<0.05) expect for 106tbL. Conclusions The irradiated doses to unprotected LNS were less for IMRT plans and were highly associated with PTV volume in patients with upper thoracic esophageal cancer.

At present, general practitioners in China lack both specialist knowledge and ability, which calls for close cooperation between general practitioners and specialists to better guarantee medical quality and patient safety. The authors reviewed the connotation, research status, development trend, problems and suggestions of general practitioners-specialists joint consultation service. Based on such, they pointed out that such a general practitioner-specialist joint clinic is quite new in the country, but numerous literature has confirmed that it can not only make up for services fragmentation, but also reduce referral rate.Furthermore, it can improve the quality of people′s lives, improve the general practitioner′s professional knowledge and skills, standardize general practitioner′s rational drug use. All these prove the reform an effective measure and deserves further promotion and greater supervision.