Objective:To investigate the genotype and epidemiological characteristics of human metapneumovirus (HMPV) among hospitalized cases with acute respiratory infections (ARI) in children in Changchun City, Jilin Province, China.Methods:From June 2019 to June 2023, throat swabs of ARI inpatients in Changchun Children′s Hospital were collected, and their epidemiological and clinical information were also collected. Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR was used to identify HMPV-positive cases, followed by the amplification of the G gene and genetic analysis in the HMPV-positive cases.Results:A total of 3 311 children hospitalized with ARI were included in this study. Their age ranged from 0 to 17 years old, and the M ( Q1, Q3) of age was 2 (1, 3) years. About 1 811 (54.70%) cases were males. A total of 167 HMPV-positive cases were detected with a positive rate of 5.04%, of which 92.81% (155/167) were children under 5 years old. The positive rate of HMPV in 2019 was 6.37% (30/471), which dropped to the lowest in 2020 (2.31%, 10/432). The HMPV-positive rate was then rebounded in 2021 (4.70%, 60/1 277) and 2022 (4.56%, 21/461), which increased to 6.87% (46/670) in 2023. The difference in HMPV-positive rate among each year was statistically significant ( P<0.05). The prevalence peak of HMPV varied in different years, showing either a unimodal or bimodal distribution in one year. A total of 79 HMPV G gene sequences were obtained, of which subtype A and subtype B accounted for 48.10% and 51.90%, respectively. All of the subtype A sequences were clarified as A2c duplicated variants, and subtype B was mainly B2 genotype. Besides, subtypes A and B were prevalent alone or co-circulated in different years, and there was a subtype replacement pattern in HMPV. Conclusion:The positive rate of HMPV in hospitalized ARI cases in children is significantly different from 2019 to 2023 in Changchun City. Notably, there are certain switch patterns of HMPV subtypes A and B in different years.

Objective:To investigate the genotype and epidemiological characteristics of human metapneumovirus (HMPV) among hospitalized cases with acute respiratory infections (ARI) in children in Changchun City, Jilin Province, China.Methods:From June 2019 to June 2023, throat swabs of ARI inpatients in Changchun Children′s Hospital were collected, and their epidemiological and clinical information were also collected. Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR was used to identify HMPV-positive cases, followed by the amplification of the G gene and genetic analysis in the HMPV-positive cases.Results:A total of 3 311 children hospitalized with ARI were included in this study. Their age ranged from 0 to 17 years old, and the M ( Q1, Q3) of age was 2 (1, 3) years. About 1 811 (54.70%) cases were males. A total of 167 HMPV-positive cases were detected with a positive rate of 5.04%, of which 92.81% (155/167) were children under 5 years old. The positive rate of HMPV in 2019 was 6.37% (30/471), which dropped to the lowest in 2020 (2.31%, 10/432). The HMPV-positive rate was then rebounded in 2021 (4.70%, 60/1 277) and 2022 (4.56%, 21/461), which increased to 6.87% (46/670) in 2023. The difference in HMPV-positive rate among each year was statistically significant ( P<0.05). The prevalence peak of HMPV varied in different years, showing either a unimodal or bimodal distribution in one year. A total of 79 HMPV G gene sequences were obtained, of which subtype A and subtype B accounted for 48.10% and 51.90%, respectively. All of the subtype A sequences were clarified as A2c duplicated variants, and subtype B was mainly B2 genotype. Besides, subtypes A and B were prevalent alone or co-circulated in different years, and there was a subtype replacement pattern in HMPV. Conclusion:The positive rate of HMPV in hospitalized ARI cases in children is significantly different from 2019 to 2023 in Changchun City. Notably, there are certain switch patterns of HMPV subtypes A and B in different years.

Objective: To explore the sonographic features of primary testicular lymphoma(PLT). Methods: The sonographic features of 16 PLT patients confirmed by surgery and pathology were retrospectively analyzed. Results: Sixteen PLT patients were typed into 3 ultrasonic patterns: ①The diffuse homogeneous echo type: 2 cases, the ultrasonic features were homogeneous sieve-like hypoechoic echo, the blood flow signal was rich and radially distributed, with interstisial fibrosis inapparently under-microscope. ②The diffuse uneven homogeneous echo type: 9 cases, the ultrasonic features lobulated or map-like heterogeneous hypoechoic features, the blood flow signal was rich in linear distribution, and interstisial fibrosis proliferated to form fibrous septa under-microscope. ③The focal nodular pattern echo type: 5 cases, the ultrasonic features were homogeneous hypoechoic nodules, the blood flow signal was few, interstisial fibrosis hyperplasia surrounding the tumor under-microscope. Conclusions Ultrasonic appearances of primary testicular lymphoma are closely related to its pathologic characteristics, the recognization of their relations contributes to improve the diagnostic value of ultrasound.

Objective To explore the effect of chloroquine on death receptor 5 (DR5) expression of hepatocellular carcinoma Huh7 cells and cell proliferation and apoptosis induced by tumor necrosis factor related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL).Methods Huh7 cells were divided into four groups:the control group (1∶1 000 dimethyl sulfoxide),TRAIL group (50 μg/L),chloroquine group (10 μmol/L) and TRAIL +chloroquine group (TRAIL 50 μg/L + chloroquine 10 μmol/L).Thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to determine the proliferation activity of cells,immunofluorescence was used to detect the expression of DR5,4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining was used to observe cell apoptosis and Western blot was used to detect the expression of cleaved poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP).Results TRAIL treatment could decrease Huh7 cells proliferation activity;when compared with the cell viability in the control group,the cell proliferation inhibition rate of chloroquine group,TRAIL group and TRAIL+ chloroquine group was (89±8) ％,(53±10) ％ and (27±7) ％,respectively;compared with TRAIL group alone,cell proliferation activity was decreased in TRAIL+ chloroquine group (t =3.922,P =0.017).The expression of DR5 was upregulated in chloroquine group,and the cell apoptosis signaling was activated in TRAIL + chloroquine group.The cell apoptosis rate of TRAIL group and TRAIL + chloroquine group was (10.0±2.3) ％ and (20.4±4.0) ％,respectively,and there was a statistical difference (t =3.894,P =0.018).Conclusion Chloroquine can enhance the cell chemosensitivity to TRAIL treatment by upregulating the expression of DR5 in Huh7 cells.

OBJECTIVETo study the expression and significance of tumor suppressor in lung cancer 1 (TSLC1) gene methylation, the expression of TSLC1 protein in cervix cancer and precancerous lesions as well as their relationship with HR-HPV DNA infection.

METHODSThe clinicopathological data of 92 cases of different cervical lesions during March 2011 to August 2012 treated in our hospital were collected. There were pathologically confirmed 10 cases of normal cervix, 26 cases of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) I, 20 cases of CIN II, 15 cases of CIN III, and 21 cases of cervical cancer. Methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP) was used to detect the TSLC1 gene methylation status in cervical lesions, immunohistochemistry (SP) was used to detect the expressions of TSLC1 protein in cervical lesions, and the second generation hybrid capture (HC2) method was used to detect the high-risk HPV in cervical lesions.

RESULTSThe expression rate of TSLC1 gene methylation in normal cervical tissue, CIN I, CIN II, CIN III and SCC were 10.0%, 30.8%, 55.0%, 60.0%, 66.7%, respectively, showing a statistically significant difference (P = 0.004). The positive expression rate of TSLC1 protein in normal cervical tissue, CIN I, CIN II, CIN III and SCC were 100.0%, 80.8%, 65.0%, 33.3%, and 23.8%, respectively, with a significant difference (P = 0.004). In the progression from CIN to invasive cervical cancer, there was no significant correlation between TSLC1 gene methylation and HR-HPV DNA infection (P = 0.919), TSLC1 protein expression and HR-HPV DNA infection (P = 0.664). The correlation analysis showed a negative correlation between TSLC1 gene methylation and TSLC1 protein expression (r = -0.674, P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONSTSLC1 gene promoter methylation may be an early event in the cervical carcinogenesis, become an early sensitive marker, and serve the early prevention and prognostic prediction for cervical cancer.

Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 ; Cell Adhesion Molecules ; genetics ; metabolism ; Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia ; genetics ; metabolism ; DNA Methylation ; Disease Progression ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoglobulins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Immunohistochemistry ; Methylation ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism

Objective To analyze the clinical and pathological features,diagnosis and differential diagnosis,treatment and prognosis of retroperitoneal angiomyolipoma (RAML).Methods The clinical data of 3 cases diagnosed with RAML,during 2012 to 2014 were studied.The expression of AE1/AE3,Vimentin,HMB45,Melan-A,S-100,SMA,CD10,CD34 and Ki-67 were detected by full automatic immunohistochemistry instrument.Four cases were followed up,the relevant published articles were reviewed as well.Results Four patients contained 3 female and 1 male.Three patients of them were found because of abdominal pain and discomfort symptom,1 case was found on examination.All of them more than 10 cm,and the boundary was not clear.Tumor resection + nephrectomy were used for treatment.Macroscopically,the tumor were consisted of fat,muscle cells and thick walled blood vessels.But they had different proportion.Immunohistochemically:AE1/AE3 negative; Vimentin,HMB45,Melan-A,SMA were positive; S-100 was positive in 3 cases and negative in 1 case; Ki-67 proliferation index were ＜5％.Conclusions The RAML is a rare benign retroperitoneal stromal tumor,which has a complex and diverse pathological organizations.The diagnosis can be made by special immune phenotype in combination with microscopic appearance.

Objective To investigate the effects and clinical value of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with locally advanced cervical cancer.Methods 102 cases with locally advanced cervical cancer treated were randomly divided into observation group and control group,the observation group received the surgery after the neoadjuvant chemotherapy,and the control group was given a direct surgical treatment.Operative time,blood loss and postoperative pathologic results were observed,and chemotherapy and toxicity evaluation were made for the observation group.Results The chemotherapy effective rate of the observation group was 74.51％,and the toxicity could be tolerated;the operation time and blood loss of the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group(all P ＜ 0.05) ;surgical trauma and postoperative complications' occurrence rate of the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group (all P ＜ 0.05) ; pelvic lymph node metastasis and vaginal cutting edge of the residues of the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion For locally advanced cervical cancer,NACT has a positive significance in reducing the tumor volume,low-er tumor stage,and at the same time reducing the difficulty of operation,surgical trauma,postoperative complications,and preventing recurrence and metastasis,which can be used as a better adjuvant treatment program for locally advanced cervical cancer.

Objective To investigate the expression of PED/PEA-15 mRNA and protein in esophageal carcinoma tissue and their clinical significances.Methods The expression of PED/PEA-15 mRNA was detected by RT-PCR,and the expression of PED/PEA-15 protein was measured by immunohistochemistry in 50 cases of esophageal carcinoma,50 cases of corresponding paracarcinoma tissue,and 50 cases of corresponding normal esophageal tissue.Results The expression of PED/PEA-15 mRNA was 1.14±0.49 in esophageal carcinoma,which was significantly higher than that in para-carcinoma tissue (0.59±0.31) and normal esophageal carcinoma tissue (0.53±0.22) (F =44.085,P ＜ 0.001).The immunohistochemistry results showed that PED/PEA-15 protein expression was significantly higher than that in para-carcinoma tissue and normal esophageal tissue (x2 =36.967,P ＜ 0.001; x2 =26.272,P ＜ 0.001).The expression of PED/PEA-15 mRNA and protein were significantly associated with pathological grade,clinical stage of esophageal carcinoma (P ＜ 0.05),but were not significantly correlated to the age of onset,gender,pathological types (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion The expression of PED/PEA-15 mRNA and protein are increased in esophageal carcinoma,which may play an important role in the occurrence and development of esophageal carcinoma.

Objective To investigate the value of predicting testicular viability following unilateral testicular torsion by color-Doppler ultrasound (CDU). Methods The clinical manifestations, intraoperative findings and scrotol CDU appearances before and after operation of 42 cases with testicular torsion were compared. According to a bleeding test intraoperatively, testicular viability was divided into A-D level. Testis of level A-C would be saved .while the level D removed. Testicular viability assessed by follow-up CDU was then classed into Ⅰ-Ⅲ level. In Ⅰ-Ⅱ level, the salvaged testis were recovery ultimatelybut atrophy in level Ⅲ. Results Seventeen cases of the 42 underwent orchidopexy and the remaining 25 cases underwent orchidectomy. As followed up, however, testis in only 7 cases were recovered, including 2 cases in level A,3 cases in level B and 2 cases in level C. respectively. The preoperative scrotal CDU appearances of the recovered testis were mainly as follows: ① Homogeneous parenchyma with decreased or disappeared blood perfusion. ②Sheet or radial hypoechoic in the local testis but with preserved blood perfusion in most area else. Testis in the remaining 10 patients, including 8 cases in level C and 2 cases in level D, respectively, were atrophy finally. And large radial hypoechoic or diffuse inhomogeneous echo with none or a small amount of blood supply on the edge parenchyma were found during their preoperative CDU (similar CDU performance was present in the orchidectomy group. The CDU appearances of contralateral testes both in orchidopexy and orchidectomy group were not obviously abnormal during follow-up. Conclusions The scrotal CDU examination is competent to predict testicular viability after detorsion. In addition, timely operation would be a key to CDU evaluation.