This study examined the impact of the operative and peri-operative factors on the long-term prognosis of patients with primary liver cancer undergoing hepatectomy. A total of 222 patients with primary liver cancer who underwent hepatectomy were followed up from January 1986 to December 2010 at Chinese PLA General Hospital. The post-operative complication rate was 14.0% for all cases, 13.7% for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), 10.0% for cholangiocarcinoma. The 1-, 3-, 5- and 10-year overall survival rates in patients with primary liver cancer after resection were 76.6%, 57.6%, 41.4%, and 21.0%. The survival rates were significantly higher in the HCC group than in the cholangiocarcinoma group (P=0.000), in the non-anatomical resection group than in the anatomical resection group (P=0.005), in the female group than in the male group (P=0.002), in patients receiving no blood transfusion than in those who were given intra-operative blood transfusion (P=0.000), in patients whose intra-operative blood loss was less than 400 mL than in those who intra-operatively lost more than 400 mL (P=0.000). No significant difference was found in the survival rate between the HBsAg-positive group and the HBsAg-negative group (P=0.532). Our study showed that anatomical resection, blood loss and blood transfusion were predictors of poor survival after hepatectomy for primary liver cancer patients, and concomitant hepatitis B virus infection bore no relation with the post-resection survival.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; blood ; pathology ; surgery ; virology ; Cholangiocarcinoma ; blood ; pathology ; surgery ; virology ; Disease-Free Survival ; Female ; Hepatectomy ; adverse effects ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; blood ; Hepatitis B virus ; isolation & purification ; pathogenicity ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; blood ; pathology ; surgery ; virology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications ; blood ; pathology ; Prognosis

BACKGROUNDLaparoscopic liver resection (LLR) has been considered to be safe and feasible. However, few studies focused on the comparison between the anatomic and nonanatomic LLR. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare the perioperative factors and outcomes of the anatomic and nonanatomic LLR, especially the area of liver parenchymal transection and blood loss per unit area.

METHODSIn this study, surgical and oncological data of patients underwent pure LLR procedures for malignant liver tumor were prospectively collected. Blood loss per unit area of liver parenchymal transection was measured and considered as an important parameter. All procedures were conducted by a single surgeon.

RESULTSDuring nearly 5 years, 84 patients with malignant liver tumor received a pure LLR procedure were included. Among them, 34 patients received anatomic LLR and 50 received nonanatomic LLR, respectively. Patients of the two groups were similar in terms of demographic features and tumor characteristics, despite the tumor size was significantly larger in the anatomic LLR group than that in the nonanatomic LLR group (4.77 ± 2.57 vs. 2.87 ± 2.10 cm, P = 0.001). Patients who underwent anatomic resection had longer operation time (364.09 ± 131.22 vs. 252.00 ± 135.21 min, P < 0.001) but less blood loss per unit area (7.85 ± 7.17 vs. 14.17 ± 10.43 ml/cm 2 , P = 0.018). Nonanatomic LLR was associated with more blood loss when the area of parenchymal transection was equal to the anatomic LLR. No mortality occurred during the hospital stay and 30 days after the operation. Moreover, there was no difference in the incidence of postoperative complications. The disease-free and overall survival rates showed no significant differences between the anatomic LLR and nonanatomic LLR groups.

CONCLUSIONSBoth anatomic and nonanatomic pure LLR are safe and feasible. Measuring the area of parenchymal transection is a simple and effective method to estimate the outcomes of the liver resection surgery. Blood loss per unit area is an important parameter which is comparable between the anatomic LLR and nonanatomic LLR groups.

Aged ; Blood Loss, Surgical ; Female ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; methods ; Length of Stay ; Liver ; pathology ; surgery ; Liver Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Operative Time ; Postoperative Complications ; Prospective Studies

Undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of the liver (UESL) is rare primary hepatic sarcoma and is known to occur in pediatric patients. This case is the UESL occurred in a 51-year old male patient. Multilocular cystic lesion was composed of primitive spindle cells without specific differentiation. This rare case would help to review differential diagnosis of primary sarcoma in liver and cystic neoplasm of the liver.
Abdomen/diagnostic imaging ; Biomarkers, Tumor/blood ; Desmin/metabolism ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Liver Neoplasms/blood/*pathology/surgery ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Vimentin/metabolism

INTRODUCTIONMinimally invasive hepatectomy (MIH) for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is technically challenging, especially with large posteriorly located tumours or background of liver cirrhosis. This is a case-control study comparing the long-term oncological safety of HCC patients who underwent MIH and open hepatectomy (OH). Most of these patients have liver cirrhosis compared to other studies.

MATERIALS AND METHODSSixty patients were divided into 2 groups, 30 underwent MIH and 30 underwent OH for HCC resection. The patients in both groups were matched for extent of tumour resection, age and cirrhosis status. Patient characteristics, risk factors of HCC and all oncological data were studied.

RESULTSNegative resection margins were achieved in 97% of patients in both groups. The mean blood loss during surgery was significantly lower in the MIH group compared to the OH group (361 mL vs 740 mL; 95% CI, 222.2, 734.9; P = 0.04). Hospitalisation is significantly shorter in MIH group (7 days vs 11 days; 95% CI, 6.9, 12.2,; P = 0.04). Eight patients (27%) in the MIH group and 13 patients (43%) in the OH group developed HCC recurrence (P = 0.17). One, 3 and 5 years disease-free survival between MIH and OH groups are 76% vs 55%, 58% vs 47%, and 58% vs 39% respectively (P = 0.18). One, 3 and 5 years overall survival between MIH and OH groups are 93% vs 78%, 89% vs 70%, and 59% vs 65% respectively (P = 0.41).

CONCLUSIONMIH is a safe and feasible curative treatment option for HCC with similar oncological outcomes compared to OH. MIH can be safely performed to remove tumours larger than 5 cm, in cirrhotic liver, as well as centrally and posterior located tumours. In addition, MIH patients have significant shorter hospitalisation and intraoperative blood loss.

Blood Loss, Surgical ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; complications ; pathology ; surgery ; Case-Control Studies ; Disease-Free Survival ; Hepatectomy ; methods ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; Length of Stay ; Liver Cirrhosis ; complications ; Liver Neoplasms ; complications ; pathology ; surgery ; Margins of Excision ; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; epidemiology ; Tumor Burden

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the outcomes of percutaneous unilateral metallic stent placement in patients with a malignant obstruction of the biliary hila and a contralateral portal vein steno-occlusion. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty patients with a malignant hilar obstruction and unilobar portal vein steno-occlusion caused by tumor invasion or preoperative portal vein embolization were enrolled in this retrospective study from October 2010 to October 2013. All patients were treated with percutaneous placement of a biliary metallic stent, including expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE)-covered stents in 27 patients and uncovered stents in 33 patients. RESULTS: A total of 70 stents were successfully placed in 60 patients. Procedural-related minor complications, including self-limiting hemobilia (n = 2) and cholangitis (n = 4) occurred in six (10%) patients. Acute cholecystitis occurred in two patients. Successful internal drainage was achieved in 54 (90%) of the 60 patients. According to a Kaplan-Meier analysis, median survival time was 210 days (95% confidence interval [CI], 135-284 days), and median stent patency time was 133 days (95% CI, 94-171 days). No significant difference in stent patency was observed between covered and uncovered stents (p = 0.646). Stent dysfunction occurred in 16 (29.6%) of 54 patients after a mean of 159 days (range, 65-321 days). CONCLUSION: Unilateral placement of ePTFE-covered and uncovered stents in the hepatic lobe with a patent portal vein is a safe and effective method for palliative treatment of patients with a contralateral portal vein steno-occlusion caused by an advanced hilar malignancy or portal vein embolization. No significant difference in stent patency was detected between covered and uncovered metallic stents.
Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Biliary Tract Neoplasms/surgery ; Cholangitis/etiology ; Cholestasis/*surgery ; Female ; Hemobilia/etiology ; Humans ; Kaplan-Meier Estimate ; Liver/blood supply/pathology/surgery ; Liver Neoplasms/surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Palliative Care/methods ; Polytetrafluoroethylene ; Portal Vein/pathology/*surgery ; Retinal Vein Occlusion/*surgery ; Retrospective Studies ; Stents/*adverse effects ; Treatment Outcome

BACKGROUND/AIMS: To investigate sequential changes in laboratory markers after radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the relationship of these changes to the severity of the underlying liver disease. METHODS: This retrospective analysis included 65 patients (44 males, 21 females) who underwent RFA of HCC. Hematologic and biochemical markers were assessed at the pre-RFA period and 1 day, 2-3 days, and 1-2 weeks after RFA. We classified the subjects into two groups: Child-Pugh A (n=41) and Child-Pugh B (n=24). The ablative margin volume (AMV) of each patient was measured. We analyzed the changes in laboratory profiles from the baseline, and investigated whether these laboratory changes were correlated with the AMV and the Child-Pugh classification. RESULTS: Most of the laboratory values peaked at 2-3 days after RFA. AMV was significantly correlated with changes in WBC count, hemoglobin level, and serum total bilirubin level (Pearson's correlation coefficient, 0.324-0.453; P<0.05). The alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level varied significantly over time (P=0.023). CONCLUSIONS: Most of the measured laboratory markers changed from baseline, peaking at 2-3 days. The ALT level was the only parameter for which there was a significant difference after RFA between Child-Pugh A and B patients: it increased significantly more in the Child-Pugh A patients.
Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Alanine Transaminase/blood ; Bilirubin/blood ; Biomarkers/metabolism ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology/*surgery/ultrasonography ; Catheter Ablation ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms/pathology/*surgery/ultrasonography ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Severity of Illness Index

OBJECTIVETo explore the value of ultrasound-guided percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in designing the indication, treatment protocol and operational skills for patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) near the liver surface.

METHODSSixty-one HCC patients with 69 lesions, confirmed by clinical examination and pathology, underwent percutaneous radiofrequency ablation. The study included 40 cases of liver function Child-Pugh grade A and 21 cases of grade B. The average size of tumors was (3.8 ± 1.2) cm, tumor diameter ≥ 4 cm accounted for 39.1% (27/69 lesions), and the average age was 58.2 years (range, 35-76 years). Taking comprehensive measures, such as intraperitoneal injection of saline adjacent to the tumor before RFA, increasing the puncture sites on the surface of tumor to avoid overlapping of the central portion of tumor, repeated ablation of the needle track to reduce needle tract metastasis, avoid vertical puncture, and other additional measures, to improve the inactivation of tumors adjacent to the liver surface. Enhanced CT/MRI was performed to evaluate the curative effect at 1, 3, 6 and 24 months after the treatment.

RESULTSThe inactivation rate of tumor was 98.6% (68/69 lesions) and local recurrence rate was 5.8%(4/69) after RFA. The tumor-related marker AFP was 1 000-1 500 ng/ml before and reduced to (98.5 ± 42.5) ng/ml after radiofrequency ablation, among them returned to normal in 13 cases (21.3%). Since the ablation area was rather small, the level of serum alanine aminotransferase was elevated only to (148.5 ± 38.5) U/ml at one week after RFA and returned to normal at (1.8 ± 0.6) week after RFA. No patient experienced severe liver dysfunction. The local HCC recurrent rate after RFA was 5.8%(4/69 lesions) and intrahepatic heterotopic recurrence rate was 24.6% (15/61). The 20-61 months follow-up showed that the 1-, 2- and 3-year survival rate was 83.6%, 57.3% and 44.2%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONSUltrasound-guided percutaneous radiofrequency ablation provides an effective minimally invasive treatment for primary HCC near the liver surface. Taking some additional measures such as intraperitoneal injection of saline, increase of percutaneous puncture sites, and avoiding vertical needle puncture, may reduce complications and improve the therapeutic outcome. RFA is one of effective and minimally invasive treatment and causing less liver damage for primary HCC near the liver surface.

Adult ; Aged ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; blood ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; blood ; pathology ; surgery ; Catheter Ablation ; methods ; Humans ; Liver ; pathology ; Liver Neoplasms ; blood ; pathology ; surgery ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; methods ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Survival Rate ; Treatment Outcome ; Tumor Burden ; Ultrasonography, Interventional

OBJECTIVETo identify risk factors associated with overall survival (OS) for patients undergoing primary hepatic resection for metastatic colorectal cancer.

METHODSThe clinical and pathological data were prospectively collected from 191 consecutive patients undergoing primary hepatic resection for colorectal liver metastases from January 2000 to August 2012. The survival curve was drawn by Kaplan-Meier method, and the survival rates were analyzed by Log-rank test. Parametric survival analysis was used to identify predictors of cancer-specific survival.

RESULTSThe 5-year overall survival were 38.4% and median survival time was 33 months; 5-year disease-free survival were 23.6%, and the median disease-free survival time was 10.0 months. 5-years survival rate was significantly lower in patients with synchronal metastasis than in patients with heterochronia metastasis (27.4% vs. 51.8%, χ(2) = 6.527, P < 0.05). In overall survival, univariate analysis found 7 risk factors: gender (χ(2) = 5.219), N stage of the primary tumor (χ(2) = 5.591), bilobar metastases (χ(2) = 4.269), number of metastases ≥ 2 (χ(2) = 5.051), disease-free interval ≥ 6 months (χ(2) = 6.527), carcinoembyonic antigen level ≥ 30 µg/L (χ(2) = 4.454), and extrahepatic disease (χ(2) = 5.158). On multivariate analysis, 3 risk factors were found to be independent predictors of poor survival: N stage of the primary tumor (RR = 2.198, 95%CI: 1.146-4.216), disease-free interval ≥ 6 months (RR = 1.840, 95%CI: 1.139-2.973), carcinoembyonic antigen level ≥ 30 µg/L(RR = 1.854, 95%CI: 1.056-3.255).

CONCLUSIONSResection of liver metastases provides good long-term cancer-specific survival benefit. N stage of the primary tumor, disease-free interval, carcinoembyonic antigen level are important prognostic factors for colorectal liver metastasis.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Carcinoembryonic Antigen ; blood ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; pathology ; Disease-Free Survival ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Kaplan-Meier Estimate ; Liver ; surgery ; Liver Neoplasms ; secondary ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis ; Risk Factors ; Survival Rate ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVE: To explore the technique and effect of liver hanging maneuver in anterior approach for isolated complete liver caudate lobectomy. METHODS: We recruited 17 patients with liver caudate lobe tumor (13 primary hepatocellular carcinoma, 3 cholangiocarcinoma and 1 liver metastasis from colorectal cancer). Isolated complete caudate lobectomy with liver hanging maneuver was performed in 17 patients. RESULTS: All 17 patients were successfully received the above-mentioned operation. The operative time was 166-427 (211.5 ± 20.1) min and the intraoperative blood loss was 372-1 208 (472.7 ± 83.6) mL. There was no operative death. The survival rates of follow up for 1, 3 and 5 years were 76.5%, 52.9% and 23.5%, respectively. CONCLUSION Liver hanging maneuver for isolated complete resection of the caudate lobe is an ideal approach for liver neoplasms resection.
Blood Loss, Surgical ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; surgery ; Cholangiocarcinoma ; surgery ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; pathology ; Hepatectomy ; methods ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; secondary ; surgery ; Survival Rate

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinicopathological features and prognostic factors of primary clear cell carcinoma of the liver (PCCCL).

METHODSThe clinical data of 41 PCCCL patients who underwent hepatic resection for PCCCL from October 1998 to June 2012 in our department were retrospectively analyzed. There were 31 male and 10 female patients. The median age was 56 years (range, 25 to 80 years), and the diagnosis was confirmed by postoperative pathological examination. The data of 106 well or moderately differentiated non-clear cell hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients and 86 poorly differentiated non-clear cell HCC patients who underwent hepatic resection in the same period in our hospital in the same period were compared. The χ(2) test or Fischer's exact test, as appropriate, was used to compare group frequencies. Survival analysis was estimated by Kaplan-Meier method. Cox proportional hazards model was used in multivariate analysis.

RESULTSThe proportion of fibrous capsule formation in the PCCCL tumors (46%, 19/41) was significantly higher than that of the other two groups (P < 0.05), whereas the PCCCL group had a lower rate of intravascular tumor embolus (2/41) and vascular invasion (1/41) (P < 0.05). The median survival time of PCCCL group was 65 months, the 1-, 3-, 5-year survival rates for PCCCL patients were 90.2%, 67.4% and 42.0%, significantly better than that of poor differentiated NCCHCC group's (82.9%, 33.3%, 7.2%, P < 0.01). However, there were no statistic significant differences between PCCCL group and well or moderately differentiated NCCHCC group (84.7%, 55.7%, 34.4%, P > 0.05). Tumor capsule formation was an independent favorable prognostic factor. In contrast, preoperative serum α-fetoprotein (AFP) level and hepatitis B virus infection were independent unfavorable prognostic factors for PCCCL.

CONCLUSIONSPCCCL is a rare, low degree malignant pathological subtype of HCC. Surgical resection may achieve favorable prognosis and even long-term survival.

Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell ; blood ; pathology ; surgery ; virology ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; blood ; pathology ; surgery ; virology ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hepatectomy ; Hepatitis B ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; blood ; pathology ; surgery ; virology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplastic Cells, Circulating ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate ; alpha-Fetoproteins ; analysis