Background The adverse effects of long working hours, shift rotation, and job stress on the physical and mental health of occupational populations require urgent attention. Objective To investigate and compare the positive rates of WMSDs between different industries, analyze the exposure status of long working hours, shift rotation, and job stress among key occupational groups, and evaluate the impacts of these factors on WMSDs in the manufacturing and service industries. Methods The study subjects were derived from key occupational populations in Yunnan Province, recruited by the Chinese National Occupational Health Literacy Monitoring Survey in 2022. A cross-sectional design was used for this survey. The key occupational populations were recruited from the secondary industry (manufacturing industry, metal mining and beneficiation industry, and non-metal mining and beneficiation industry) by stratified random sampling and from the tertiary industry (medical and healthcare industry, education industry, environmental sanitation industry, transportation industry, and express/takeaway delivery industry) by proportional probability sampling, and 12014 front-line workers were finally included as survey participants. General information, work-related factors (shift rotation, weekly working hours, job stress, etc.) and WMSDs assessment results were obtained through a web-based self-reported questionnaire, and the associations of long working hours, shift rotation, and job stress with WMSDs were analyzed using χ² test and logistic regression. Results The average positive rate of WMSDs among the key occupational groups in Yunnan Province was 77.2%. The positive rate of WMSDs in the secondary industry group was 69.4%, while it was 81.6% in the tertiary industry group, with a statistically significant difference (P<0.001). Among the eight surveyed sectors, the education sector had the highest positive rate of WMSDs (94.2%). The single-site WMSDs mainly involved the neck, shoulders, and low back. In the secondary industry, WMSDs was reported in 1−2 body parts, while in the tertiary industry, WMSDs was mainly reported in multiple (≥5) body parts. Long working hours (OR: 1.119, 1.165, 1.163, respectively), shift rotation (OR: 1.094, 1.199, 1.230, respectively), and job stress (OR: 1.795, 1.854, 2.006, respectively) were risk factors for WMSDs in the neck, shoulder, or low back, and all three were also risk factors for multi-site WMSDs. Moreover, as the number of involved body parts increased, the effects of long working hours and job stress became more pronounced. For 1-2, 3-4, and 5 or more body parts compared to no pain reported, their OR values were 0.971 (95%CI: 0.871, 1.082), 1.133 (95%CI: 1.004, 1.279), and 1.285 (95%CI: 1.155, 1.429) for long working hours, respectively, and the OR values were 1.009 (95%CI: 0.878, 1.160), 1.360 (95%CI: 1.174, 1.575), and 2.797 (95%CI: 2.471, 3.166) for job stress, respectively. Conclusion The positive rate of WMSDs is higher in the tertiary industry than that in the secondary industry among the key occupational groups in Yunnan Province. Long working hours, rotating shift work, and job stress could significantly increase the risk of WMSDs.

Objective: To analyze the relationship between asthma and nocturia in women based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database from 2005 to 2018,so as to provide reference for the prevention and treatment of female nocturia. Methods: Female respondents aged ≥20 years with nocturia or asthma were selected from the 2005-2018 NHANES database.Those with both diabetes stroke and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome were excluded.A weighted analysis was conducted using a complex sampling design.The association between asthma and nocturia in women was evaluated with univariate analysis，propensity score matching (PSM)，and multivariate logistic regression models. Results: A total of 14 718 respondents were selected，of whom 1426 (9.7%) were diagnosed with asthma，and 4664 (31.7%) with nocturia.There is a significant correlation between asthma and nocturia (χ =39.846，P<0.01). Age，body mass index (BMI)，smoking and race were also associated with nocturia (P<0.01).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that，the age，BMI，smoking，race and asthma were correlated with the risk of nocturia，before PSM matching (P<0.05).To eliminate confounding bias，PSM was applied，and generalized linear mixed model analysis after matching showed that the risk of nocturia remained high in asthma patients (OR=1.540，95% CI：1.320-1.800，P<0.01). Conclusion: Asthma is associated with nocturia in women，indicating that it may be an important risk factor for female nocturia.

Objective To provide reference for the formulation of public health policies through exploring the disease burden of aortic aneurysm (AA) in Chinese young adults. Methods We analyzed sex-specific mortality rates and years of life lost (YLLs) among Chinese young adults with AA in Global Burden of Disease (GBD) from 1990 to 2019, and compared with global and young adult AA data stratified by sociodemographic index (SDI). Joinpoint was used to analyze the time trend of AA burden among young males and females in China. The attributable risk factors for AA burden in young adults and its characteristics were analyzed. Results Among young adults (15-39 years old) in China, the total of AA deaths in 2019 was 657 (95%UI 549-791), with an increase of 16.90% compared with 1990. The mortality rate in 2019 was 0.13 per 100 000 (95%UI 0.11-0.16), with an increase of 30.00% compared with 1990. In 2019, a total of 36921 YLLs (95%UI 30 865-44 445) were produced by young adults in China, with an increase of 13.21% compared with 1990. The YLLs rate in 2019 was 7.42 per 100 000 (95%UI 6.20-8.93), with an increase of 24.92% compared with 1990. The male YLLs rate was 11.49 per 100 000 (95%UI 9.22-14.28), with an increase of 35.18%. The female YLLs rate was 3.11 per 100 000 (95%UI 2.36-3.98), with a decrease of 3.12%. Both the AA mortality rate and YLLs rate in male young adults were higher than those in female young adults, and the growth rate from 1990 to 2019 was significantly higher than that in females. Conclusion The disease burden of AA among young adults in China increases significantly from 1990 to 2019, mainly among males. The time trend of male and female AA YLLs in Chinese young adults is obviously inconsistent. The AA YLLs of Chinese male young adults are positively correlated with economic development and the progress of medical technology, and are in the process of gradual increase. The AA YLLs of Chinese female young adults are much lower than the average level, which is closely related to the low smoking rate.

Hypertriglyceridemia-associated acute pancreatitis is an inflammatory disorder of exocrine pancreas caused by metabolism disturbances of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins.Currently,hypertriglyceridemia-associated acute pancreatitis is characterized by an escalating incidence rate,a tendency for more severe cases,and a lack of therapeutic drugs.Traditional Chinese medicine has distinct advantages in treating this disease,but its theoretical framework has not yet been established.Hypertriglyceridemia-associated acute pancreatitis manifests itself as a febrile disease,aberrant accumulation of fat and turbidity may stem from dietary imbalances and visceral dysfunction in ordinary individuals.The prolonged accumulation of fat and turbidity can transform into turbid pathogen,subsequently engendering heat,constituting a pivotal pathogenic factor.Throughout the progression of the disease,the fiery pathogen consumes the fat and turbidity,resulting in the generation of toxic heat,which is a crucial mechanism in the exacerbation of the disease severity.Thus,this article posits therapeutic principles aimed at averting the transformation of fat and turbidity into turbid pathogen and counteracting toxic heat in this disease.This article reviews two key theories from traditional Chinese medicine classics relevant to hypertriglyceridemia-associated acute pancreatitis:the theory of fat-turbidity associated with hypertriglyceridemia and the febrile disease related to acute pancreatitis.Combining these traditional theories with modern research on the mechanisms that intensify hypertriglyceridemia-associated acute pancreatitis and the corresponding targets of traditional Chinese medicine,it suggests that the pathogenesis of"fat-turbidity-toxic heat"serves as the theoretical basis of traditional Chinese medicine for the aggravated severity of hypertriglyceridemia-associated acute pancreatitis.The article aims to offer new insights for the treatment of hypertriglyceridemia-associated acute pancreatitis.

Lipedema is a disease in which local fat deposits in the body are the main clinical manifestations. It is often characterized by a disproportionate increase in subcutaneous fat tissue in the extremities, buttocks or hip joints. It is often misdiagnosed as obesity or lymphedema in clinical practice. The pathogenesis is not clearly understood, and there is no standardized clinical treatment method. This paper elaborated on the research status of the pathogenesis of lipedema, and summarized the clinical manifestations and classification, diagnosis and differential diagnosis, treatment methods, etc., aiming to provide up-to-date perspectives of lipedema.

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of optic nerve sheath diameter(ONSD)measured on thin-slice CT scan in the diagnosis and prognostic assessment of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis(CVST).Methods The clinical data of patients with CVST,who were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University of China to receive treatment from January 1,2016 to December 31,2022,were retrospectively analyzed.The difference in ONSD was compared between CVST patients and normal population,the postoperative changes in ONSD was analyzed.Results A total of 49 patients with CVST(CVST group)and 49 normal persons having no brain disorders(control group)were enrolled in this study.In CVST group,the preoperative ONSD was(5.33±0.50)mm,which was significantly higher than(4.40±0.40)mm in control group(P＜0.001),the postoperative ONSD remarkably decreased to(4.98±0.59)mm(P＜0.01).The difference value between postoperative ONSD and preoperative ONSD in the patients receiving pure anticoagulation treatment was not statistically significant different from that in the patients receiving endovascular treatment[(-0.43±0.22)mm vs.(-0.40±0.42)mm,P=0.84].The preoperative ONSD in the patients having intracranial hemorrhage and in the patients having no intracranial hemorrhage was(5.26±0.51)mm and(5.41±0.49)mm respectively(P=0.31),and the difference value between postoperative ONSD and preoperative ONSD was(-0.39±0.40)mm and(-0.45±0.25)mm respectively(P=0.66).At the three-month follow-up visit,the difference in ONSD between the patients having a good prognosis(mRS score being 0-2 points)and the patients having a poor prognosis was not statistically significant(P＞0.05).Conclusion ONSD that is measured on plain head CT scan can be used as a response indicator of elevated intracranial pressure in CVST patients,which can be used to monitor the changes in intracranial pressure before and after treatment,but its value in assessing the curative efficacy of different therapeutic methods needs to be further explored.

Lipedema is a disease in which local fat deposits in the body are the main clinical manifestations. It is often characterized by a disproportionate increase in subcutaneous fat tissue in the extremities, buttocks or hip joints. It is often misdiagnosed as obesity or lymphedema in clinical practice. The pathogenesis is not clearly understood, and there is no standardized clinical treatment method. This paper elaborated on the research status of the pathogenesis of lipedema, and summarized the clinical manifestations and classification, diagnosis and differential diagnosis, treatment methods, etc., aiming to provide up-to-date perspectives of lipedema.

Objective:To explore the clinical effects of parallel combined flow-through perforator flaps in the treatment of circular hot crush injuries in limbs with blood supply disorder.Methods:The study was a retrospective observational study. From April 2016 to December 2022, 4 cases with circular hot crush injuries in limbs with blood supply disorder were admitted to the Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery of the 988 th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA, including 3 males and 1 female, aged from 24 to 48 years. Among them, 2 cases were injured in the calf and 2 cases were injured in the forearm. After emergency debridement, the area of skin and soft tissue defects was from 20 cm×20 cm to 44 cm×20 cm. The patients had defects in tibialis anterior and posterior tibial arteries with a length of 13 to 18 cm, and in ulnar and radial arteries with a length of 9 to 12 cm. Flaps were designed and cut, including a flow-through anterolateral thigh perforator flap with area of 20 cm×9 cm to 24 cm×21 cm carrying the descending branch of the lateral circumflex femoral artery and the accompanying veins of 8 to 18 cm in length; and a flow-through posterior tibial artery perforator flap with area of 21 cm×13 cm and 20 cm×14 cm carrying the posterior tibial artery, the accompanying veins with a length of 14 and 17 cm respectively, and the great saphenous vein with a length of 22 and 21 cm. The circular hot crush injury wounds in the calf with blood supply disorder were repaired by a parallel combination of flow-through posterior tibial artery perforator flap and flow-through anterolateral thigh perforator flap, and the circular hot crush injury wounds in the forearm with blood supply disorder were repaired by a parallel combination of bilateral flow-through anterolateral thigh perforator flap, and the injured main vessels were reconstructed. The donor site wounds of flap were closed directly or treated with split-thickness skin grafts from abdomen. After surgery, the blood supply and survival of the flap and distal affected limb, the healing of wounds in the donor and recipient sites, the survival of the skin graft in the flap donor site were observed. During follow-up, the condition of flaps, the appearance, blood supply, and function of affected limbs were observed. At the last follow-up, the foot and ankle functions were evaluated according to the scoring standards of American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Association, and the wrist and hand function was evaluated according to the trial standard of replantation of amputated upper limb function assessment of the Hand Surgery of Chinese Medical Association. Results:The flaps and distal affected limbs of 4 patients had good blood circulation and successfully survived after surgery. The wounds of 3 cases successfully healed, while one patient with circular hot crush injury in the forearm experienced exudation in the recipient site in the later stage, and the wound healed after re-expansion and suturing. The donor site wounds healed smoothly, and the skin grafts successfully survived. During follow-up of 12 to 24 months after surgery, the flaps were slightly swollen, the limbs had good appearance, normal blood circulation, and fine functional recovery. At the last follow-up, the foot and ankle function of 2 patients with circular hot crush injuries in the calf was evaluated as good in 1 case and commonly in 1 case; the wrist and hand function of 2 patients with circular hot crush injuries in the forearm was evaluated as excellent in 1 case and good in 1 case.Conclusions:The parallel combined flow-through perforator flap can reconstruct the damaged main blood vessels and repair the wound at the same time. It can not only effectively save the limb, but also restore part of the function of the affected limb. It is one of the effective methods to treat the circular hot crush injuries in limbs with blood supply disorder.

Objective:To explore the changes in biological characteristics of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) in obese patients post successful weight loss, so as to provide a reference for the clinical application of these ASCs in refractory wound repair.Methods:This study was an experimental study. Twelve obese patients (8 females and 4 males, aged (50±9) years) who underwent abdominal skin tightening surgery after successful weight loss and were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from April 2021 to April 2023 were included in weight loss group, and 12 healthy volunteers (10 females and 2 males, aged (50±9) years) who underwent abdominal liposuction and facial fat grafting surgery during the same period in the same institution were included in healthy group. Adipose tissue was collected from patients in weight loss group and volunteers in healthy group, and ASCs were extracted. Experiments were conducted using ASCs at passages 4 and 5. Cell proliferation levels were assessed using the methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay at 0 (immediately), 24, 48, and 72 hours of culture. The cell scratch test was performed and the cell migration rates at 12 and 24 hours after scratching were calculated. The cell Transwell assay was performed and the number of migration cells at 24 hours after culture was counted. Adipogenic and osteogenic induction assays were carried out, and the adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation levels of cells were detected after 18 and 21 days of induction, respectively. Real-time fluorescence quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was employed to measure the mRNA expressions of lipoprotein lipase (LPL), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), osteopontin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β). The sample number of each experiment was 12.Results:At 0 hour of culture, the cell proliferation levels of patients in weight loss group and volunteers in healthy group were 1.022±0.056 and 1.000±0.144, respectively, with no statistically significant difference between the groups ( P>0.05). At 24, 48, and 72 hours of culture, the cell proliferation levels of patients in weight loss group were 1.366±0.030, 1.353±0.012, and 1.390±0.016, respectively, which were significantly lower than 1.755±0.077, 1.737±0.014, and 1.700±0.023 of volunteers in healthy group (with t values of 16.27, 71.35, and 38.56, respectively, P values all <0.05). In the cell scratch test, at 12 and 24 hours after scratching, the cell migration rates of patients in weight loss group were lower than those of volunteers in healthy group, but the differences were not statistically significant ( P>0.05). In the cell Transwell assay, after 24 hours of culture, there was no statistically significant difference in the number of migrated cells between patients in weight loss group and volunteers in healthy group ( P>0.05). After 18 days of adipogenic induction, the cell adipogenic differentiation level of patients in weight loss group was significantly lower than that of volunteers in healthy group ( t=27.81, P<0.05). After 21 days of osteogenic induction, the cell osteogenic differentiation level of patients in weight loss group was significantly lower than that of volunteers in healthy group ( t=14.85, P<0.05). Compared with those of volunteers in healthy group, the mRNA expressions of LPL, PPARγ, TGF-β, and Runx2 of patients in weight loss group were significantly reduced (with t values of 59.48, 146.10, 46.10, and 3.13, respectively, P<0.05), while there were no statistically significant changes in the mRNA expressions of osteopontin, ALP, or MMP-9 ( P>0.05). Conclusions:Compared with healthy volunteers, the proliferative capacity of ASCs in obese patients after successful weight loss is significantly diminished, the differentiation potential is relatively weak, and the expression levels of some genes corresponding to adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation are decreased, which may affect the therapeutic efficacy of these ASCs in treating refractory wounds caused by burns, diabetes, or radiation injuries. Therefore, the donor differences of ASCs need to be considered in clinical application.

Objective:To examine the expression of human leukocyte antigen G (HLA-G) in the peripheral blood and cancerous tissues of patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) .Methods:The expression of soluble HLA-G (sHLA-G) in the peripheral blood of 50 individuals with PTC (PTC group) , 25 patients with benign thyroid tumors (BTT group) from Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Beilun branch of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University and 20 healthy controls (healthy control group) from physical examination center was assessed by ELISA. Immunohistochemical examination of HLA-G levels was also performed on tissue specimens from patients in the PTC and BTT groups, and their correlation with clinicopathological features of thyroid cancer was analyzed. SPSS 19.0 was used for statistical analysis. The measurement data of normal distribution were tested by two independent samples t test. Chi square test was used to compare the rates between the two groups. Results:The sHLA-G expression in peripheral blood was 21.33 (±5.54) , 22.73 (±4.99) , and 18.29 (±4.43) ng/mL in the preoperative PTC, BTT, and healthy control groups, respectively. Compared to the healthy group, sHLA-G levels were considerably higher in the PTC and BTT groups, with statistically significant differences (totally P < 0.05) . There was no significant difference in statistically sHLA-G levels between the BTT and PTC groups ( P > 0.05) . The positive HLA-G expression rate in PTC tissues was 78% (39/50) . There was no evidence of HLA-G expression in common tissues adjacent to PTC. HLA-G was not expressed in benign tumors. HLA-G was linked with the PTC tumor diameter, and the rate of positive expression was considerably greater with tumor diameters >1 cm than with those ≤1 cm ( P<0.05) . The rate of HLA-G positive expression was not significantly correlated with sex, age, multiple foci, extra-glandular invasion, metastasis of lymph nodes, or the TNM stage in PTC individuals ( P > 0.05) . Conclusions:HLA-G is significantly expressed at high levels in PTC tissues, is correlated with the tumor diameter, and may probably have a significant role in this disease. Peripheral blood sHLA-G may be associated with thyroid tumorigenesis, and its value in PTC requires further verification.