OBJECTIVE To establish a method for determination cinoxate and other 30 kinds of sunscreen agents in sunscreen cosmetics by HPLC. METHODS Twenty-one fat-soluble sunscreen agents(1#−21#) were ultrasonically extracted by the mixed solution of methanol-tetrahydrofuran(1∶1), 10 kinds of water-soluble sunscreen agents(22#−31#) were ultrasonically extracted by the mixed solution of methanol-tetrahydrofuran-water(2∶3∶5) from the samples. Agilent Zorbax SB C18(4.6 mm× 250 mm, 5 μm) column was used to separate cinoxate and other fat-soluble sunscreen agents(1#−20#), Agilent Zorbax SB C18(2.1 mm× 100 mm, 3.5 μm) column was used to separate polysiloxane-15(21 #) , Waters Symmetry C18(4.6 mm× 250 mm, 5 μm) column was used to separate 10 water-soluble sunscreen agents. Methanol-isopropanol-water, isopropanol-tetrahydrofuran-water, and methanol-acetonitrile-0.02 mol·L−1 ammonium acetate solution(add phosphoric acid to adjust pH to 5.0) were used as mobile phase in gradient elution respectively. The flow rates were 1.2, 0.5, 1.0 mL·min−1. The detection wavelengths were 358nm(7 #, 11 #) , 295 nm(23#−25#, 27#−31#), 311 nm(other components). The injection volumes were 5 µL(polysiloxane-15) and 10 µL(other component), the column temperature was set at 30℃. RESULTS The linear relationships(r>0.9999) of 31 sunscreen agents were good in corresponding concentration range. The limit of detection were in the range of 0.002%−0.02%. The recoveries of two substrates at three different supplemental levels ranged from 92.4% to 110.3%, with the RSDs of 0.02%−4.5%. Forty batches of domestic and imported sunscreen cosmetics were determined by this method, 17 kinds of approved sunscreen agents were detected, of which polysiloxane-15 were detected in 10 batches of samples. By comparing with the current method in Safety and Technical Standards for Cosmetics(2015 edition) , it was found that the extraction efficiency of fat-soluble sunscreen agents was superior to the current method, the stability of drometrizole trisiloxan was improved, cinoxate, polysiloxane-15 and other 7 kinds of sunscreens were added. CONCLUSION This method is accurate, sensitive and reliable, which can be used for the detection and analysis of sunscreen in sunscreen cosmetics.

Objective:To investigate the treatment strategy and prognostic factors of nasopharyngeal necrosis after the first radical radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma.Methods:Clinical data of 1020 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma undergoing radical intensity-modulated radiotherapy in Jiangsu Cancer Hospital from January 2013 to January 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Nasopharyngeal necrosis was confirmed by nasopharyngeal MRI, electronic nasopharyngoscopy and biopsy. Patients with nasopharyngeal necrosis were treated with electronic nasopharyngoscope irrigation debridement, combined with systemic anti-infection and nutritional support therapy. Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate the survival, and Cox regression analysis was used to analyze the relationship between clinical factors and patients' survival.Results:Nasopharyngeal necrosis occurred in 20 cases of 1020 nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients after the first radical intensity-modulated radiotherapy, with an incidence rate of 1.96%. Odd smell and headache were common in nasopharyngeal necrosis patients. All patients had locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma at initial treatment, including 2 (10%) cases of T 3 stage and 18 (90%) cases of T 4 stage. Nasopharyngeal necrosis occurred in the primary nasopharyngeal lesions. According to the stages of nasopharyngeal necrosis, there were 6 (30%) cases of stage I, 14 (70%) cases of stage II and no stage III. The occurrence time of nasopharyngeal necrosis was from 2 to 24 months after radiotherapy, and the median time was 5 months. All 16 cases of nasopharyngeal necrosis were cured clinically after debridement and irrigation under nasopharyngoscope, systemic anti-infection and symptomatic support treatment. Among them, 9 cases had no necrotic cavity and complete healing and 7 cases had residual necrotic cavity. Four patients died of massive nasopharyngeal hemorrhage or due to the inability to nasopharyngeal irrigation. The 5-year survival rates were 37.5% and 85.7% in patients with and without internal carotid artery involvement ( P=0.008), and 25.0% and 77.8% in patients with and without diabetes mellitus ( P=0.016). Univariate Cox regression analysis showed that necrotic lesions involving internal carotid artery ( HR=5.80, 95% CI=1.14-29.38, P=0.034) and diabetes mellitus ( HR=10.24, 95% CI=1.19-88.04, P=0.034) were the influencing factors of overall survival. Conclusions:Nasopharyngoscope irrigation debridement combined with anti-inflammation and nutritional support treatment are effective interventions for nasopharyngeal necrosis after the first radical intensity-modulated radiotherapy in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The necrosis involving the internal carotid artery and diabetes mellitus are important factors affecting the survival of patients. Vascular invasion caused by vascular rupture is the main cause of death.

Objective To investigate the correlation between lipid-related index and diabetic kidney disease(DKD)by observing the expression levels of lipid-related index in different stages of DKD.Methods A total of 265 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)were divided into the T2DM group(n=106)and the DKD group(n=159).According to estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR)level,the DKD group was sub-divided into the DKD-G2 group(n=59),the DKD-G3 group(n=59)and the DKD-G4 group(n=41).Data of triglycerides(TG),total cholesterol(TC),high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),apolipoprotein A(Apo A),Apo B and urinary albumin/urinary creatinine ratio(UACR)were collected.Gomerular filtration rate(eGFR),triglyceride-glucose index(TyG),visceral adiposity index(VAI)and atherogenic index of plasma(AIP)were calculated.The differences of TyG,VAI and AIP between different groups and their correlation with eGFR and UACR were analyzed.Multiple linear regression analysis of DKD renal injury factors was conducted.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves were drawn to evaluate the predictive efficiency of TyG,VAI,and AIP.Results The levels of TyG,VAI and AIP were significantly higher in the DKD group compared to the T2DM group,and these indices exhibited an increasing trend with disease progression(P＜0.05).Furthermore,there was a negative correlation between TyG,VAI,AIP and eGFR(r=-0.396,-0.425,-0.519,P＜0.01),and a positive correlation between UACR and eGFR(r=0.482,0.479 and 0.583,P＜0.01)in DKD patients.Multiple linear regression results showed that VAI and AIP were independent risk factors for eGFR,and TG,HDL-C,LDL-C,Apo B and VAI were influencing factors of UACR(P＜0.05).The ROC curve analysis revealed that the areas under the curves for TyG,VAI and AIP were 0.902(0.866-0.937),0.969(0.953-0.986)and 0.958(0.937-0.979)respectively.Conclusion The levels of TyG,VAI and AIP are correlated with the progression of DKD,and have predictive value for the occurrence and development of DKD.These biomarkers can be used as a biological indicator to evaluate the occurrence and development of DKD.

Objective:To investigate the predictive value of plasma exosomal microRNA (miR)-124-3p in the risk of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH).Methods:A case-control study. Thirty patients who were diagnosed with CCH (CCH group) based on cranial artery spin labeling (ASL) in the neurology outpatient clinic of Sichuan Provincial People′s Hospital from March 2022 to June 2022 and 30 healthy volunteers (control group) were included. Age, gender, smoking history, alcohol consumption history, diabetes history, hypertension, hyperlipidemia history, uric acid, fasting blood glucose, homocysteine and plasma exosomal miR-124-3p expression level were compared between the two groups. Comparisons of categorical variables were analyzed by either χ2 test or Fisher′s exact test. If the data of continuous variables followed a normal distribution, they were expressed as mean±standard deviation (SD) and compared by t-test for two independent samples; otherwise, the data were expressed as M( Q1, Q3), and analyzed by Mann-Whitney U test for comparison between two groups. The correlation between cerebral blood flow and exosomal miR-124-3p levels was analyzed by Pearson′s correlation. Binary multifactorial logistic regression analysis was used to determine the risk factors associated with CCH, and corresponding odds ratios ( OR) and 95% confidence intervals ( CI) were calculated. P<0.05 was considered significant. Results:There was no significant difference in age (64±8 vs. 60±8 years old), gender (33.3% vs. 30.0%), history of smoking (20.0% vs. 3.3%), alcohol consumption (20.0% vs. 6.7%), diabetes mellitus (13.3% vs. 13.3%), hypertension (53.3% vs. 30.0%), history of hyperlipidemia (46.7% vs. 36.7%), uric acid (288±60 vs.319±67 μmol/L), and fasting glucose [4.99(4.63, 5.91) vs. 5.28(5.09, 6.05) mmol/L] and homocysteine [11.35(10.18, 13.08) vs.11.00(9.78, 13.03) μmol/L] between the CCH and control groups ( P>0.05). Plasma exosomal miR-124-3p expression was significantly higher in the CCH group than in the control group [13.08 (8.59, 21.55) vs. 2.85 (1.44, 5.10), respectively; U=169.50, P<0.001]. Pearson′s correlation test showed that the level of exosomal miR-124-3p was negatively correlated with cerebral blood flow in the hypoperfused region in patients with CCH ( r=-0.932, P<0.001). Multi-factor logistic regression analysis showed that plasma exosomal miR-124-3p was independently associated with the risk of CCH ( OR=1.169,95% CI 1.063-1.286, P=0.001). Conclusions:The expression of plasma exosomal miR-124-3p is negatively correlated with cerebral blood flow in areas of low perfusion and is an independent risk factor for CCH. Plasma exosomal miR-124-3p may thus serve as a valid biomarker for CCH risk prediction.

As an essential trace element in living organisms, copper is actively involved in normal physiological processes in various systems and is maintained at low level to achieve copper homeostasis. Copper homeostasis, once being disrupted, would induce cell death, and this new form of cell death is known as copper death. In recent years, copper death has been increasingly recognized as an important factor mediating the onset and progression of central nervous system (CNS) diseases. Therefore, we review the pathogenic mechanism of copper death in CNS diseases, as well as its therapeutic strategies so as to deepen the understanding of researchers.

【Objective】 To reveal possible mechanisms of miRNA in diabetic hepatopathy through bioinformatics method. 【Methods】 Subset data of miRNA and their matched mRNAs in the liver of STZ-induced diabetic mice and the normal liver tissues of congenial mice by detecting on microarrays were collected from GEO database； information from the database and bioinformatics analysis were applied to mine a batch of miRNAs in diabetic hepatopathy and targeted mRNAs regulated. Then qRT-PCR was used to verify the expressions of miRNAs in diabetic liver from 20 STZ-treated Kunming mice and 10 normal homologous mice. 【Results】 Via detection and analysis， miRNAs differentially expressed （including 96 up-regulated and 77 down-regulated） were significantly obtained. Groups of miRNAs and their effectors （mRNAs） that may be related to the pathological process of diabetic liver disease in mice were screened by GO and KEGG enrichment analyses， combined with relevant protein annotations in the databases and references. The expressions of miR-200a-3p， miR-200b-3p and miR-222-3p in the mice’s liver tissue detected by qRT-PCR were significantly down-regulated. In addition， the expressions of related effector genes CERS6， MYBL1， SCD2， SLCO1A4 and PLK2 were up-regulated， while the expressions of ACSS2， BCL6 and SLC10A2 were down-regulated. 【Conclusion】 The variation trend of those candidate miRNAs in mouse diabetic liver compared with that in control livers was consistent with that of the previous studies and prediction， which revealed their potential molecular regulation in this disease process.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharyngeal spraying recombinant human interfe-ron alpha 2b (rhIFNα2b) in the treatment of herpangina in children.Method:s A prospective, multicenter, rando-mized, opened and controlled study was carried out in 11 hospitals in Anhui province from August 2018 to March 2019.According to the time of admission, 180 patients diagnosed as herpangina were prospectively and randomly divided into rhIFNα2b treatment group and Ribavirin control group.On the basis of giving both groups the heat-clearing, detoxifying and anti-infection treatment, the patients in treatment group received pharyngeal spraying rhIFNα2b 9 g/L saline solution[1 million IU/mL, 0.1 million IU/(0.1 mL·press)], and the patients in control group were treated by pharyngeal spraying Ribavirin (0.5 mg RBV/press, 150 press), 3 presses per time, 4 times per day, continuous administration for 5 days for both groups.Those who recovered in advance were no longer given medication.All patients were observed to fully recover.The clinical efficacy and the disappearing time of symptoms and signs between two groups were compared, and the safety of pharyngeal spraying rhIFNα2b for patients was evaluated.Result:s All of the 180 patients completed the study, including 90 cases in the treatment group and 90 cases in the control group.There was no statistically significant difference in terms of gender, age, weight and course of illness before treatment between the two groups (all P>0.05), which had clinical comparability.The apparent efficiency of the treatment group [63.3% (57/90 cases)] was significantly higher than that in the control group [38.9% (35/90 cases)] and the difference was statistically significant( χ2=10.934, P=0.004); no significant difference in the total efficiency between the treatment group [96.7% (87/90 cases)]and the control group [92.2% (83/90 cases)]was observed ( χ2=2.924, P=0.169). The duration of fever[(32.59±20.73) h vs.(45.72±26.96) h], hyperemia[(76.48±23.12) h vs.(92.44±24.31) h], herpes[(72.99±25.77) h vs.(85.09± 26.62) h], salivation[(45.44±24.96) h vs.(54.42±31.20) h] and anorexia[(62.70±23.99) h vs.(78.71±30.54) h] in the treatment group were significantly shorter than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05). Before treatment, the serum levels of tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α) [(13.02±4.41) ng/L vs.(13.57±9.27) ng/L], interleukin-6(IL-6) [(26.48±11.31) ng/L vs.(30.15±15.55) ng/L] and C-reactive protein(CRP)[(19.34±14.11) mg/L vs.(19.83±14.57) mg/L]were not significantly different between the two groups (all P>0.05). After treatment, the serum levels of TNF-α and IL-6 were(7.26±1.99) ng/L and (2.42±0.73) ng/L in the treatment group, which were significantly lower than those in the control group [(12.09±6.39) ng/L and (7.32±11.51) ng/L](all P<0.05), but no significant difference in serum levels of CRP between the two groups was observed ( P>0.05). The comparison on positive rate of virus in pharyngeal swab between the treatment group [65.3% (32/49 cases) and 40.6% (13/32 cases) respectively] and the control group[66.7%(36/54 cases) and 41.0% (16/39 cases), respectively]before and after therapy showed no significant difference (all P>0.05). During the treatment, no serious adverse reactions were observed in the two groups.The incidence of adverse reactions was 1.1% (1/90 cases) in the treatment group and 5.6% (5/90 cases) in the control group.In addition, the serum hemoglobin level of children in the control group after treatment was significantly lower than that before treatment and that in the treatment group (all P<0.05). Conclusions:Compared with pharyngeal spraying ribavirin, pharyngeal spraying rhIFNα2b can greatly improve the clinical efficiency, accelerate the disappearance of clinical symptoms and signs, and shorten the total course of disease, and is more safe and worthy of clinical application.

Objectives: To investigate acute toxicity of Bajitian (Morinda officinalis) in zebrafish embryos. Methods: Zebrafish embryos at 48-h post fertilization (hpf) were exposed to Bajitian ethanol extract for 72 h. The causative action of a delay in yolk sac absorption by Bajitian was investigated by RT-PCR analysis of lipid metabolism-related microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP), apolipoprotein C-Ⅱ(ApoC2) and lipogenesis-related liver x receptor (LXR) genes. The effect of Bajitian eliciting an in-flammatory response was studied by exposing 72 hpf myeloperoxidase (MPO):GFP transgenic zebrafish embryos to Bajitian extract for 4 h. Assessment was done by TUNEL, caspase-3/7, and RT-PCR analysis of the apoptosis related pathway B-cell lymphoma 2 associated X protein (Bax), Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB) genes, neutrophil development-related stem cell leukaemia (SCL) and transcription factor PU.1 genes, to reveal the causative action of Bajitian reducing neutrophils. Results: RT-PCR analysis found that Bajitian extract had no effect on the expression of MTP or ApoC2 genes, but upregulated LXR gene, which might explain the delay in yolk sac absorption. Analysis of the inflammatory response showed that compared with negative controls, Bajitian extract significantly (P < .05) reduced the number of neutrophils in MPO: GFP embryos. TUNEL, caspase-3/7, and RT-PCR analysis of Bax and NF-kB genes found that Bajitian extract did not trigger the cell apoptosis. Further RT-PCR analysis found that Bajitian extract did not affect SCL expression, but did lead to down-regulation of PU.1. The inhibition of neutrophil development/differentiation may explain the decline in the total number of neutrophils following Bajitian treatment, which could be attributed to the anti-inflammatory effects found clinically for this drug. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that Bajitian caused a delay in yolk sac absorption and a decrease neutrophil in zebrafish embryos, which may be related to the inhibition of neutrophil development.

Objective To explore the effectiveness,feasibility and suitability of the guideline for nasogastric tube feeding in adult patients.Methods Based on the Ottawa Model of Research Use as framework,we screened relevant evidence from guidelines,and developed new nasogastric tube feeding nursing procedure.Nursing knowledge,the rate of compliance to new procedure and the incidence of complications of nasogastric tube feeding were used to evaluate the clinical effects of the guideline.Results Nurses' knowledge increased significantly(P＜0.05).Nurses had a high degree of implementation of the new procedure,with the rate of over 85％.Compared with the control group,the rate of complications of nasogastric tube feeing in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group.Especially,the rates of reflux and aspiration were significantly lower(P＜0.05).Both rates of tube shedding and skin damage in the intervention group were decreased significantly(P＜0.05).Conclusion The nasal feeding nursing guideline in our clinical scenarios has its effectiveness,feasibility and suitability.

We aimed at analyzing the structure of extracellular polysaccharide A from Grifola frondosa (EXGFP-A) and testing its immunomodulatory activity. Structural analysis shows that EXGFP-A was a contained α-D-glucoside bond and pyranose ring. GC analysis reveals that EXGFP-A was mainly composed of rhamnose, arabinose, xylose, mannose, glucose, galactose, by the molar ratio of 0.28:0.31:0.30:0.06:7.98:0.61. The results of MTT(3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay indicates when EXGFP-A was at a concentration of 80 μg/mL and treatment time of 48 h, RAW264.7 cells proliferation index reached a maximum of 137.5%. Meanwhile, the AO staining showed that EXGFP-A activated RAW264.7 cells and improved the level of intracellular nucleic acid metabolism. In addition, in a certain range of concentration, EXGFP-A was able to increase the release of NO in RAW264.7 cells, and upregulate the mRNA expression of immunological factor TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, IFN-γ and iNOS of RAW264.7 cells. Our results confirm that EXGFP-A had immunomodulatory activity. Our findings provided scientific basis for the structural analysis and application of Grifola frondosa polysaccharide.
Animals ; Cytokines ; metabolism ; Grifola ; chemistry ; Mice ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II ; metabolism ; Polysaccharides ; immunology ; RAW 264.7 Cells