Objective:To understand the epidemiology of rubella and the genetic characteristics of the virus circulating during the period 2021-2022, providing basic scientific data for rubella prevention and control in China.Methods:National rubella incidence data for the period 2021-2022 were obtained from the Infectious Disease Surveillance System module and the Surveillance Report Management module of the China′s Disease Prevention and Control Information System. Positive rubella virus(RuV)isolates were obtained from the National Measles/Rubella Laboratory Network. Two nucleotide (nt) fragments [F1-480 (8 633-9 112 nt) and F2-633 (8 945-9 577 nt)] located in the E1 gene were amplified and determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and the target gene (E1-739) was obtained after collating and splicing. The sequences obtained in this study were used to construct a phylogenetic tree with the reported reference strains for genotype and lineage identification. Additionally, the phylogenetic analysis was performed to assess their genetic relatedness of RuV strains prevalent in China during 2018-2020 from GenBank database.Results:In 2021-2022, the rubella incidence in China was 0.06/100, 000 (2021: 840 cases; 2022: 784 cases), with cases primarily concentrated in the western and southern provinces. Age distribution analysis showed that rubella cases in 2021-2022 was mainly in children under 5 years of age (2021: 34.17%, 287/840; 2022: 42.09%, 330/784), with the highest proportion in children aged 0-2 years. Further analysis of the immunization history of cases revealed that in the 8-23 months age group, a significant proportion of cases had received only one dose of rubella containing vaccine (RCV); cases in the 2-14 years age group were mainly among children who had received two or more doses of RCV; however, cases over 15 years of age were primarily found in individuals who had not received RCV or had unknown immunization history. National virological surveillance data showed that totally 22 RuV virus isolates were obtained, from 6 provinces in China during 2021-2022, which belonged to lineage 1E-L2 (11 strains) and 2B-L2c (11 strains). And these viruses displayed high genetic homology with RuV prevalent from 2018 to 2020.Conclusions:The incidence of rubella in China was maintained at a low level during 2021-2022, and the prevalent RuV strains were lineage 1E-L2 and 2B-L2c.

OBJECTIVES: To analyze the clinical characteristics and prognosis of children with anti-N-methyl--aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis and to provide a basis for early clinical identification of this disease. METHODS: The clinical data of 42 cases of anti-NMDAR encephalitis at Department of Pediatrics, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University from January 2015 to March 2018 were collected. The clinical features and followed-up outcomes were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: There were 15 cases (35.7%) of males and 27 cases (64.3%) of females in 42 children, with a ratio of 1꞉1.8. They were aged from 4 months to 17 years, with an average of (9.20±4.66) years. The most common initial symptoms were seizures (47.6%, 20/42) and mental behavior disorder (35.7%, 15/42). During the course of the disease, 85.7% patients(36/42) had mental and behavior disorder, 85.7% patients (36/42) had epilepsy, 76.2% (32/42) had speech disorder, 66.7% patients (28/42) had dyskinesia, 66.7% patients (28/42) had the decreased level of consciousness, 61.9% patients (26/42) had autonomic instability, and 57.1% (24/42) patients had sleep disorder. All the children had positive antibody against NMDA receptor resistance encephalitis in cerebrospinal fluid. Head MRI showed the abnormal incidence was 50.0% (21/42), and the lesions involved in parietal lobe, frontal lobe, temporal lobe, occipital lobe, midbrain, thalamus, basal ganglia and optic nerve. There was a patient with optic nerve damage combined with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody positive. Forty cases were examined by electroencephalogram (EEG), 92.5% cases (37/40) were abnormal, mainly showing diffuse slow waves, and δ brushes could be seen in severe cases. And there was 1 patient (2.4%) complicated with mesenteric teratoma. The mRS score (2.14±1.46) at discharge was significantly lower than the highest mRS score (3.88±1.38) during hospitalization (<0.05). After 3-39 months of follow-up, mRS score at 3 months after discharge was only 0.81±1.29, which was still improved compared with that at discharge, 76.2% cases (32/42) experienced complete or near-complete recovery (mRS score≤2), and 4.8% (2/42) cases relapsed. There was no mortality; the initial time of immunotherapy and the highest mRS score in the course of the disease were the factors affecting the prognosis. The earlier the starting time for immunotherapy and the lower mRS score in the course of the disease were, the better the prognosis was. CONCLUSIONS Seizures, mental and behavior disorder, dyskinesias, speech disorder and autonomic instability are common clinical manifestations of anti-NMDAR encephalitis in children. The effect of immunotherapy is significant, and the time to start immunotherapy and the severity of the disease are important factors affecting the prognosis. Anti-NMDAR encephalitis can be combined with other autoantibodies, but its clinical significance and mechanism need further study.
Adolescent ; Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis ; Autoantibodies ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Electroencephalography ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate ; Retrospective Studies

Objective:To explore the value of the concentration of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in CD4 +T lymphocytes in predicting repeated respiratory tract infections (RRTI) in silicosis patients. Methods:In April 2020, 614 silicosis patients admitted from March 2016 to March 2018 were included in the study, and they were divided into the RRTI group ( n=105) and the non RRTI group ( n=509) according to whether the occurrence of RRTI, another 30 healthy cases taken from body check were served as control group, and the concentrations of ATP produced by CD4 +T lymphocytes was measured by ImmuKnow assay, and were compared between the three groups. And drawed the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and the Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the risk factors of RRTI. Results:The incidence of RRTI in silicosis patients was 17.10% (105/614) . The concentration of ATP produced by CD4 +T lymphocytes in the RRTI group [ (260.42±90.36) mg/L] was significantly lower than that in the non RRTI group [ (413.66±138.74) mg/L] ( t=-10.849, P<0.01) . The area under the ROC curve was 0.834, the cutoff value was 284 mg/L, the sensitivity was 0.88, and the specificity was 0.83. Logistic regression analysis showed that the concentration of ATP produced by CD4 +T lymphocytes≤284 mg/L, impaired pulmonary ventilation function, serum albumin<40 g/L and diabetes were the risk factors of RRTI in silicosis patients ( OR=2.126, 1.217, 1.164, 1.125, P<0.05) . Conclusion:Low CD4 +T lymphocyte ATP value was a risk factor of RRTI in silicosis patients, and can predict the risk of RRTI in patients with silicosis.

Objective:To explore the value of the concentration of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in CD4 +T lymphocytes in predicting repeated respiratory tract infections (RRTI) in silicosis patients. Methods:In April 2020, 614 silicosis patients admitted from March 2016 to March 2018 were included in the study, and they were divided into the RRTI group ( n=105) and the non RRTI group ( n=509) according to whether the occurrence of RRTI, another 30 healthy cases taken from body check were served as control group, and the concentrations of ATP produced by CD4 +T lymphocytes was measured by ImmuKnow assay, and were compared between the three groups. And drawed the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and the Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the risk factors of RRTI. Results:The incidence of RRTI in silicosis patients was 17.10% (105/614) . The concentration of ATP produced by CD4 +T lymphocytes in the RRTI group [ (260.42±90.36) mg/L] was significantly lower than that in the non RRTI group [ (413.66±138.74) mg/L] ( t=-10.849, P<0.01) . The area under the ROC curve was 0.834, the cutoff value was 284 mg/L, the sensitivity was 0.88, and the specificity was 0.83. Logistic regression analysis showed that the concentration of ATP produced by CD4 +T lymphocytes≤284 mg/L, impaired pulmonary ventilation function, serum albumin<40 g/L and diabetes were the risk factors of RRTI in silicosis patients ( OR=2.126, 1.217, 1.164, 1.125, P<0.05) . Conclusion:Low CD4 +T lymphocyte ATP value was a risk factor of RRTI in silicosis patients, and can predict the risk of RRTI in patients with silicosis.

As a member of the Sirtuins family in mammals, SIRT7 locates in nucleus and is a highly specific H3K18Ac (acetylated lysine 18 of histone H3) deacetylase. Recent studies showed that SIRT7 could participate in the ribosomal RNA transcription, cell metabolism, cell stress and DNA damage repair through various signaling pathways. In addition, SIRT7 is also closely related with aging, heart disease and fatty liver. In particular, SIRT7 plays important roles in the regulation of initiation and development of various tumors, such as liver cancer, gastric cancer, breast cancer, bladder cancer, colorectal cancer, and head/neck squamous cell carcinoma. This review describes the cellular and molecular functions of SIRT7, and systematically summarizes recent progress of SIRT7 in human disease.
Animals ; Histones ; Humans ; Lysine ; Neoplasms ; Signal Transduction ; Sirtuins ; metabolism

Aim To investigate the effect of salidroside on the phenotypic expression of osteoblast and the possible molecular mechanism in hypoxia environment.Methods MTT, Annexin V/PI double staining, alkaline phosphatase(ALP) activity assay and enzyme-linked immnosorbent assay(ELISA) were performed respectively to detect the effect of salidroside on regulating phenotypic expression of MG-63 cells exposed to hypoxia.Then RT-PCR and Western blot were conducted to detect the expression levels of Osterix and Runx2 which were related to differentiation.At last, we investigated the expression levels of components of the HIF-1α pathway by RT-PCR,Western blot and ELISA, respectively.Immunofluorescence confocal microscope technology and luciferase reporter assay were performed to explore nuclear translocation and transcriptional activity of HIF-1α.Results Salidroside could markedly promote MG-63 cell proliferation, inhibit hypoxia-induced apoptosis, stimulate cell differentiation and promote expression levels of components of the HIF-1α pathway in hypoxia environment.Conclusion Salidroside could regulate phenotypic expression of MG-63 cells through HIF-1α/VEGF signaling pathway in hypoxia environment.

Objective: To explore deep vein thrombosis (DVT) occurrence in patients after right heart catheterization and the effect of anticoagulant therapy. Methods: A total of 171 consecutive patients with electrophysiological study (EPS) and/or radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) in our hospital from 2015-01 to 2016-05 were enrolled. All patients had supra-ventricular tachycardia and completed a venous surgery, they were randomly divided into 2 groups: Anticoagulation group,n=87 and Non-anticoagulation group,n=84. Lower extremity vascular Doppler ultrasonography was performed at (24-48) h post-operation to compare the incidence of DVT between 2 groups. Results: There were 13/171 patients were excluded for not completing post-operative lower extremity vascular Doppler ultrasonography including 9 patients in Anticoagulation group and 4 in Non-anticoagulation group. 158 patients finished post-operative examination and follow-up study. Anticoagulation group had 7/78 (8.97%) patients suffered from DVT, Non-anticoagulation group had 41/80 (51.3%) patients suffered from DVT,P<0.001. Conclusion: The incidence of DVT was higher after right heart catheterization without anticoagulation; heparin treatment may reduce DVT occurrence in relevant patients.

Syncope and epilepsy are common pediatric clinical symptoms and causes of paroxysmal loss of consciousness.They can be manifested as a sudden attack,transient and reversible loss of consciousness,easily leading to misdiagnosis in clinics.The etiology and pathogenesis of syncope and epilepsy are completely different,and the principle of treatment is also different.Therefore,in clinics,making an early diagnosis and differential diagnosis between syncope and epilepsy has an important significance to improve the treatment and the prognosis of the patients.

Objective To evaluate the effects of unilastatin on brain injury in children undergoing aortic arch surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).Methods Twenty ASA physical status Ⅲ or Ⅳ children of both sexes,aged 1-24 months,weighing 3-12 kg,undergoing repair of coarctation of aorta or interrupted aortic arch complicated with intracardiac malformations under CPB,were randomly divided into 2 groups (n =10 each):control group (group C) and ulinastatin group (group U).Ulinastatin 20 000 U/kg was diluted into 10 000 U/ml with normal saline and it was then injected intravenously in 3 parts (1/3 was injected via the internal jugular vein after induction of anesthesia; 1/3 at the beginning of CPB and 1/3 at 5 min before aortic unclamping).In group C the equal volume of normal saline was given instead of ulinastatin.Blood samples were taken from the radial artery after induction of anesthesia (T1),at 10 min after aortic clamping (T2),at 10 min after aortic unclamping (T3),at the end of CPB (T4),and at 6 and 24 h after termination of CPB (T5,T6) for determination of plasma S100B protein and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) concentrations.Results There was no significant difference in plasma levels of S100B protein and NSE at T1 between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).Plasma S100B protein and NSE levels were significantly increased at T2-5 as compared to the baseline values at T1 in both groups (P ＜ 0.05).Plasma S100B protein and NSE levels were significantly lower at T2-5 in group U than in group C (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Ulinastatin can attenuate brain injury in children undergoing aortic arch surgery under CPB.

5 cases diagnosed with Dandy-Walker Syndrome from May 2006 to November 2009 were investigated and relevant literature reviewed. Dandy-Walker Syndrome was characterized by retarded motordevelopment and cerebellar signs. The latter was observed in 3 cases in our series. The disorder, mostly influencing childhood, typically causes the fourth ventricle enlarged, and the cauda cerebelli atrophic or even absent. MRI is the most optimal radiological method to diagnose it.