ABSTARCT AIM: To investigate the effect of Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) on kidney injury in rats with chronic renal failure (CRF) and its potential molecular mechanism. METHODS: SD rats were given 5/6 nephrectomy to construct CRF models and divided into model group, GBE group (100 mg /kg), GBE+ Agomir-NC group, and GBE+Agomir-145 group, 12 per group; another 12 were selected as the sham group, with only the kidney exposed and no nephrectomy. Rats in the GBE group were given GBE 100 mg/kg gavage daily, once a day, for 4 consecutive weeks; rats in the GBE+Agomir-NC group and GBE+Agomir-145 group were given GBE 100 mg/kg gavage daily, and then Agomir-NC and Agomir-145 were injected via the tail vein every 3 days for 4 weeks; the sham group and the model group were given the same amount of normal saline by gavage and injection through the tail vein respectively. The general state of the rat was observed, and the renal function indicators [24 h urine microalbumin (24 h UAlb), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), blood creatinine (SCr)] and oxidative stress indicators [malonaldehyde (MDA), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px)] were detected, Masson staining was used to observe the fibrosis of kidney tissue, real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to detect the mRNA expression levels of microRNA-145 (miR-145), transforming growth factor - β1 (TGF - β1) and forkhead box O1 (FOXO1) in renal tissue, Western blot was used to detect the protein levels of TGF - β1 and FOXO1 in kidney tissue. RESULTS: The general state of CRF rats improved significantly after GBE intervention, the body weight, renal tissue SOD and GSH-Px activities, and FOXO1 mRNA and protein levels were significantly higher than those in the model group (P<0.05); the 24 h UAlb, serum BUN, SCr and renal tissue MDA levels, the relative area of renal interstitial fibrosis, and renal tissue miR-145, TGF - β1 mRNA and protein levels were significantly lower than those in the model group (P<0.05); and on the basis of GBE intervention, up-regulating the expression of miR-145 could significantly weaken the protective effect of GBE on renal injury in CRF rats (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: GBE can alleviate kidney damage in CRF rats, and its mechanism of action may be related to down-regulation of miR-145, up-regulation of FOXO1 expression, and inhibition of renal fibrosis.

Objective:To explore the short-term outcomes of reconstruction of tumorous critical bone defects at femoral shaft with a 3D printed ultra-short stem with a porous structure.Methods:From September 2016 to June 2018, 8 patients underwent reconstruction of critical bone defects with a 3D printed ultra-short stem with a porous structure after resection of femoral shaft malignant tumor at Department of Orthopaedics, West China Hospital. There were 4 males and 4 females, with an average age of 36.9 years (from 11 to 61 years). Their preoperative Enneking staging was stage Ⅱb in all. There were 3 osteosarcomas, 2 Ewing sarcomas, 2 chondrosarcomas and one periosteal osteosarcoma. Preoperative CT/MRI image fusion technology was used to define the surgical boundary, design the guide plate and prosthesis, and perform surgical simulation. Tomosynthesis-shimadzu Metal Artefact Reduction technology was used to evaluate osseointegration. Complications and bone oncology prognosis of the patients were documented. The lower limb function of the patients was evaluated using Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) 1993 scoring and knee range of motion.Results:The overall follow-up time ranged from 36 to 50 months, averaging 42.8 months. During operation one patient sustained a periprosthesis fracture, the union of which was followed up after wire assisted fixation. There was no local tumor recurrence, lung metastasis or death. The last follow-up revealed good osseointegration and basically isometric lower extremities in all cases. There was no such a complication as aseptic loosening of the prosthesis, deep infection or prosthesis fracture during the follow-up period. At the last follow-up in the 8 patients, the flexion range of the knee joint was 116.2°±9.1°, significantly improved compared with that before operation (98.8°±10.9°), and the MSTS score was (26.2±2.1) points, also significantly improved compared with that before operation [(21.6±1.8) points] ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Reconstruction with a 3D printed ultra-short stem with a porous structure is an accurate operation for femoral shaft tumorous bone defects. With careful preoperative design, intraoperative manipulation and strict postoperative follow-up management, this operation can lead to fine early curative outcomes for long shaft critical bone defects.

Objective:To determine hydrazine quantitatively in workplace air by gas chromatography with large bore capillary column.Methods:In October 2019, hydrazine in the air was adsorbed by acid silica gel tube sampling and desorped using sulfuric acid solution. After derivatization with furfural and extraction, the content of hydrazine was determined by DM-FFAP capillary column gas chromatography with flame ionization detector.Results:The linear regression equation was y=353.8 x+21.2 ( r=0.9998) between 0.1-2.0 μg/ml of target concentration. The detection limit was 0.030 μg/ml. The lower limit of quantification was 0.100 μg/ml. If 15 L air sample was collected, the minimum detection concentration was 0.004 mg/m 3 and the minimum quantitative concentration was 0.013 mg/m 3 respectively. The average desorption efficiency was 86.5%-89.4%. The recovery was 94.4%-97.1%. The relative standard deviation was 1.6%-4.9%. Hydrazine and furfural derivative was 2-furaldehyde hydrazine. Conclusion:The method has symmetrical peak shape of hydrazine derivatives chromatographic peaks, short analysis time, easy operation, and is suitable for the determination of the concentration of hydrazine in the air in the workplace.

Objective:To determine hydrazine quantitatively in workplace air by gas chromatography with large bore capillary column.Methods:In October 2019, hydrazine in the air was adsorbed by acid silica gel tube sampling and desorped using sulfuric acid solution. After derivatization with furfural and extraction, the content of hydrazine was determined by DM-FFAP capillary column gas chromatography with flame ionization detector.Results:The linear regression equation was y=353.8 x+21.2 ( r=0.9998) between 0.1-2.0 μg/ml of target concentration. The detection limit was 0.030 μg/ml. The lower limit of quantification was 0.100 μg/ml. If 15 L air sample was collected, the minimum detection concentration was 0.004 mg/m 3 and the minimum quantitative concentration was 0.013 mg/m 3 respectively. The average desorption efficiency was 86.5%-89.4%. The recovery was 94.4%-97.1%. The relative standard deviation was 1.6%-4.9%. Hydrazine and furfural derivative was 2-furaldehyde hydrazine. Conclusion:The method has symmetrical peak shape of hydrazine derivatives chromatographic peaks, short analysis time, easy operation, and is suitable for the determination of the concentration of hydrazine in the air in the workplace.

Objective To evaluate the safety of a Chinese thimerosal-free trivalent split influenza virus vaccine after being marketed in a large population. Methods Through the information management system of adverse event following immunization (AEFI), the adverse events in healthy people aged 6 months and above who were vaccinated with split influenza virus vaccine in Hubei Province from October to December 2015 were collected. The data was analyzed by descriptive methodology. Results From October 1, 2015 to June 30, 2016, among the 227 920 people in Hubei Province who were vaccinated with split influenza virus vaccine, the common adverse reactions were mainly fever, redness, irritability, pain and itching. Four cases of AEFI were passively observed and reported in the system, with a reporting rate of 1.76/100 000, among which 3 cases were anaphylactic rash and 1 case was optic neuritis. Conclusion The Chinese thimerosal-free trivalent split influenza virus vaccine used in Hubei Province had a good safety record and is suitable for the general vaccination of people without vaccination contraindications.

Objective:To assess the antibody persistence 3-5 years following vaccination of measles and rubella combined live-attenuated vaccine (MR) at 8 months of age and measles, mumps and rubella combined attenuated live vaccine (MMR) at 18 months of age.Methods:In 2016, 18-month-old children who were vaccinated with one dose of MR vaccine at the age of 8 months were recruited in Hebei Province as group 1; 4-, 5- and 6-year-old children who were vaccinated with one dose of MR vaccine at the age of 8 months and one dose of MMR vaccine at 18 months of age were recruited in Shanxi, Inner Mongolia and Beijing as group 2, group 3 and group 4, respectively. Serum samples were collected to detect IgG antibodies against measles, mumps and rubella by ELISA. Geometric mean concentrations (GMCs) of measles, mumps, and rubella antibodies were compared among groups by analysis of variance or non-parametric test. Seropositive rates were compared among groups by Chi-square test or Fisher′s exact test. Results:A total of 650 children were included in this study. Seropositive rates of measles, mumps and rubella antibodies 30 d after vaccination of 150 18-month-old children with one dose of MMR vaccine were 100%, 91.33% and 100%, respectively, and the GMCs were 1 846.87 mIU/ml, 299.91 IU/ml and 111.33 IU/ml, respectively. Seropositive rates of measles, mumps and rubella antibodies 3-5 years after vaccination one dose of MR vaccine at 8 months of age and one dose of MMR vaccine at 18 months of age were above 94%, 79% and 71%, respectively, and the GMCs were above 830 mIU/ml, 240 IU/ml and 31 IU/ml. No significant difference in the seropositive rates of the three antibodies was observed among groups 2, 3 and 4 ( P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the GMCs of measles or mumps antibodies among the three groups ( P>0.05), but the differences in the GMCs of rubella antibodies were statistically significant ( P=0.034). Conclusions:Measles, mumps and rubella antibodies persisted for 3-5 years without significant decrease after vaccination one dose of MR vaccine at 8 months of age and one dose of MMR vaccine at 18 months of age.

Objective: To establish a method to detect the concentrations of ethylenediamine in the air of workplace by Ion chromatography. Methods: Ethylenediamine in the air of workplace adsorpted by Silicone tube, then ultrasonic desorped by Sulfuric acid solution (0.1 mol/L) , the desorption solution qualitative and quantitative determination by Ion chromatography. Results: For ethylenediamine, the calibration curves were liner in the range of 0.1-100.0 μg/ml, the method detection limit is 0.1 μg/ml, the minimum detectable concentration is 0.13 mg/m³ (in terms of sampling 7.5 L) . The desorption efficiency is more than 90% on spiked levels of 2.0, 4.0 and 8.0 μg/ml, the average desorption efficiency of the method was 96.1%, the precision was 1.8%-2.1%. The recovery rate of the added standard is 98.5%-104.2%. Conclusion The method simplifies the preprocessing steps and improves the sensitivity. All the indexes are in conformity with the requirements of the method formulation guide. It is suitable for the determination of ethylenediamine in the air of the workplace.

Objective To evaluate the in vitro effects of photodynamic therapy alone or in combination with antifungal agents on the apoptosis of planktonic and biofilm cells of Exophiala dermatitidis (E.dermatitidis).Methods The planktonic suspensions of E.dermatitidis were prepared,and the biofilms of E.dermatitidis were prepared via a modified 96-well plate-based methods.Planktonic and biofilm cells of E.dermatitidis were separately divided into several groups:antifungal agent groups treated with antifungal agents alone,photodynamic therapy group receiving photodynamic therapy alone,combination groups receiving photodynamic therapy followed by the treatment with antifungal agents,and blank control group receiving no treatment.These antifungal agents included amphotericin B,posaconazole,voriconazole and itraconazole.The concentrations of these antifungal agents were all 1 mg/L,and the treatment with antifungal agents lasted 2 hours.Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay was performed to detect the apoptosis of planktonic and biofilm cells of E.dermatitidis in all the groups.Results The antifungal agents and photodynamic therapy both affected the apoptosis of planktonic (both P ＜ 0.001) and biofilm cells (beth P ＜ 0.05) of E.dermatitidis.The apoptosis rates of E.dermatitidis planktonic cells in the control group,amphotericin B group,posaconazole group,voriconazole group and itraconazole group were 11.67％ ± 0.21％,13.30％ ± 1.78％,14.30％ ± 3.61％,14.51％ ± 1.91％and 36.17％ ± 4.00％ respectively.The apoptosis rate of E.dermatitidis planktonic cells was significantly higher in the itraconazole group than in the control group (P ＜ 0.05),but no significant differences were observed between the other 3 antifungal agent groups and control group (all P ＞ 0.05).The photodynamic therapy group also showed a significantly higher apoptosis rate of E.dermatitidis planktonic cells (41.37％ ±7.80％) compared with the control group (P ＜ 0.05).After the treatment with photodynamic therapy combined with amphotericin B,posaconazole,voriconazole or itraconazole,the apoptosis rates of E.dermatitidis planktonic cells were 29.23％ ± 6.71％,37.23％ ± 10.86％,43.57％ ± 6.42％ and 69.87％ ± 3.53％ respectively.Moreover,the photodynamic therapy + voriconazole group and photodynamic therapy + itraconazole group both showed significantly higher apoptosis rates compared with the voriconazole group and itraconazole group respectively (both P ＜ 0.05).The apoptosis rate of E.dermatitidis biofilm cells was significantly higher in the photodynamic therapy group than in the control group (32.00％ ± 0.43％ vs.25.30％ ± 1.31％,P ＜ 0.05),as well as in the photodynamic therapy + amphotericin B than in the amphotericin B group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Photodynamic therapy combined with antifungal agents can markedly promote the apoptosis of planktonic and biofilm cells of E.dermatitidis.

Objective To investigate the effect of low salt diet on vascular remodeling of rat induced by high fructose(HF).Methods Wistar male rats weighed 180-200 g were fed for 8 weeks and randomly divided into 6 groups:(1) control group was given the normal fodder and distilled water;(2) high fructose group(HF) was given normal fodder (0.5 ％ NaCl,w/w) and fructose water(10 ％,w/v);(3) high-salt group (HNa) was given high salt fodder (7 ％ NaCl,w/w) and distilled water;(4) high fructose combined with high salt diet group(HFNa) was simultaneously given high salt fodder and 10 ％ fructose water;(5)high fructose combined low salt group(HFLNa) was simultaneously given low salt fodder and 10％ fructose water;(6) high fructose combined with spirotaclone group(HFE) was given 10％ fructose water for 4 weeks and then added with spirotaelone(50 mg · kg-1 · d-1 by tube feeding) for continuous 4 weeks.The changes of arterial blood pressure,vascular wall histological evaluation and expression of α-SMA and fibronectin in vascular wall were detected in each group.Results (1) Compared with the blood pressure[(111.03 ±9.17) mm Hg] in the control group,the blood pressure in the HF and HNa groups were (133.94± 5.86) mm Hg and (128.09±7.56) mm Hg respectively,which were significantly increased(P＜0.05);(2) HF mainly caused the hyperplasia of vascular wall middle layer smooth muscle.The a-SMA expression results in the HF group was (0.006 3 ±0.000 21),which in the control group was (0.004 6 ± 0.000 31),the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05),moreover which promoted the elastic fibers increase;while HNa mainly stimulated the elastic fibers to thicken and extracellular matrix deposition,the fibronectin expression was 0.002 6 ± 0.000 2 in the HNa group and (0.004 7±0.000 2)in the HF group,compared with(0.001 3±0.000 1)in the normal group,which were significantly increased(P＜0.001);(3) the blood pressure was (106.04±9.59) mm Hg in the HFLNa group,(103.99±7.12) mm Hg in the HFE group,compared with(133.94±5.86) mm Hg in the HF group,showing that the blood pressure in the HFLNa group and HFE group was significantly decreased compared with the HF group (P＜0.05);moreover the vascular remodeling in the HFLNa group(0.006 8±0.000 2) and HFE group (0.004 2±0.000 4) was improved,and compared with the HF group(0.006 3±0.000 2),α-SMA expression was significantly decreased (P＜0.05).Conclusion Low salt diet can effectively improve vascular remodeling induced by HEF.

OBJECTIVETo observe the effects of conventional western medication and joss stick moxibustion combined with pricking and cupping for herpes zoster in acute stage, and to explore its analgesic mechanism.

METHODSSeventy patients with acute herpes zoster were randomized into an observation group (33 cases after 2 dropping) and a control group (34 cases after 1 dropping). Patients in the observation group were treated with joss stick moxibustion combined with pricking and cupping at localpoints for 7 times, once every other day. Oral acyclovir, vitamin Band mecobalamin tablets were applied in the control group for continuous 14 days, and interferon injection was used for continuous 6 days, etc. The herpes evaluation indexes of blister stopping time, scab time and decrustation time as well as pain intensity were observed before and after treatment. Peripheral serum substance P (SP) content of herpes local situation was detected. The comprehensive effects were evaluated.

RESULTSThe blister stopping time, scab time and decrustation time in the observation group were shorter than those in the control group (all<0.05). There was no statistical significance for pain relief degree between the two groups (>0.05). The pain beginning to ease time and duration time in the observation group were better than those in the control group (both<0.05). The contents of SP in the two groups decreased after treatment (both<0.01), and it was better in the observation group (<0.05). The total effective rate of the observation group after treatment was 87.9% (29/33), and that of the control group was 85.3% (29/34), which were not statistically significant (>0.05). The cured rate of the observation group was better than that of the control group [66.7% (22/33) vs 58.8% (20/34),<0.05].

CONCLUSIONJoss stick moxibustion combined with pricking and cupping are effective for herpes zoster, which have quicker and good analgesic effects than conventional western medication. Its mechanism may be related to reducing the content of SP more fast and to a larger degree.