Objective Changes in relevant indexes in the mouse model of early-onset ovarian insufficiency caused by Tripterygium wilfordii polyglycoside were analyzed,and the optimal time point for intervention was determined.Methods Forty female ICR mice were randomly divided into control and A,B,C,and D model groups with eight mice in each group.The control group was gavaged with purified water for 14 days(0.01 mL/10 g),and the remaining groups were administered a Tripterygium wilfordii polyglycoside suspension(80 mg/kg,0.01 mL/10 g)for 1 day(A model group),3 days(B model group),7 days(C model group),or 14 days(D model group),and samples were collected.Body weight and wet weights of the uterus and bilateral ovaries of mice were determined in each group.Serum FSH,LH,E2,P,AMH,INH-B,and T contents were measured using enzyme-linked immunoassays.HE staining was used to observe the number and developmental status of follicles and corpus luteum at all levels in mice of each group.TUNEL staining was used to detect the apoptosis in the ovaries of mice in each group.IHC detected expression of VEGFA,CD34,and EPO proteins in the ovaries of mice in each group.mRNA expression of HIF-1α,SDF-1,and CXCR4 in each group of mice was detected by PCR.Results Compared with the control group,changes in indicators in model A mice did not meet the POI modeling standard.The ovarian index,uterine index,and body weight of mice in the B model group were decreased significantly(P＜0.01),the weight of the C model group was decreased significantly(P＜0.01),and the ovarian index of the D model group was decreased significantly(P＜0.05).Serum contents of FSH and LH in B,C,and D model groups were increased(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),the E2,PROG,AMH,INH-B,and T contents were decreased(P＜0.01).The numbers of basal follicles,pre-sinus follicles,sinusoidal follicles,antral follicles,preovulatory follicles,and corpus luteum were decreased significantly(P＜0.05,P＜0.01)and the number of atresia follicles was increased significantly(P＜0.01)in B,C,and D model groups.The apoptotic area of TUNEL staining in A,B,C,and D model groups was increased significantly(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).Expression of CD34,VEGFA,and EPO in B,C,and D model groups was decreased significantly(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).mRNA expression of HIF-1α,SDF-1,and CXCR4 in A and B model groups was significantly increased(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).Compared with the B model group,the relevant indexes of C and D model groups were changed significantly,indicating that C and D models were more serious and tended to develop POF.Conclusions The B model group is the turning point of ovarian function from impaired POI to irreversible POF,suggesting that 3 days of administrating Tripterygium wilfordii polyglycoside is optimal to induce a POI disease model for effective drug intervention.

To enhance the spatial resolution of vibro-acoustography,an improved vibro-acoustography system is constructed using a large-angle dual-frequency focused transducer.Based on this system,mimicking phantoms are used as the experimental objects to explore the spatial resolution of vibro-acoustography,and test the vibro-acoustography results of mimicking phantoms with different acoustic characteristics.Additionally,the effects of the position of hydrophone and difference frequency on the vibro-acoustography results are studied,and the effects of transducer component distribution on vibro-acoustography results are analyzed with a simulation model established with k-Wave.The research results indicate that the vibro-acoustography system with a large-angle dual-frequency focused transducer has higher spatial resolution,contrast and specificity in imaging mimicking phantoms with different acoustic characteristics.The choice of difference frequency is critical for the imaging quality,but the position of the hydrophone and transducer component distribution have trivial effects on vibro-acoustography results.The study is expected to provide new ideas for the development of vibro-acoustography technology,and to promote its further practical application.

Objective To investigate the equivalent conversion of head injury criterion(HIC)under anterior-posterior(AP)and lateral-medial(LM)craniocerebral impact for mild craniocerebral injury in rats using motor evoked potential(MEP)and β-amyloid precursor protein(β-APP)immunohistochemistry(IHC).Methods Sixty healthy adult male SD rats were randomly divided into 0 m control group,0.5 m-AP and 0.5 m-LM injury groups,and 1 m-AP and 1 m-LM injury groups(12 rats in each group).The control group did not undergo any impact injury experiment.After the impact injury experiment,the injury and control groups were subjected to excessive anesthesia to produce β-APP immunohistochemical stained slices,and the percentage of positive area and integral optical density(IOD)in the brainstem pyramidal tract area of the slices were determined.The MEP groups were divided in the same manner as the IHC groups and the MEP amplitudes of the MEP and control groups were measured after the impact injury experiment.Results With an increase in the degree of injury,the decrease in MEP amplitude,percentage of positive areas,and IOD in the injury groups significantly increased.When the degree of injury was low,the sensitivity of IHC was higher than that of MEP.When the degree of injury was the same,the HIC in the LM direction was lower than that in the AP direction.When the HIC was the same,the degree of injury in the LM direction was greater than that in the AP direction.Conclusions The joint evaluation of MEP and β-APP can provide experimental references for the study of HIC equivalent conversion in AP-LM craniocerebral impact injury.

ObjectiveTo explore the intervention effect and molecular mechanism of Dabufei decoction in Dunhuang formula combined with cisplatin on Lewis lung adenocarcinoma-bearing mice. MethodFifty C57BL/6J mice were used， with 10 randomly assigned to the blank group （without modeling）， and 40 subcutaneously inoculated with Lewis cells to establish a Lewis lung adenocarcinoma-bearing mouse model. These 40 mice were randomly divided into the following four groups （with 10 mice in each group）： Model group （equal volume of physiological saline）， cisplatin group （5 mg·kg^-1）， Dabufei decoction group （14.35 g·kg^-1·d^-1）， and Dabufei decoction combined with cisplatin group （Dabufei decoction 14.35 g·kg^-1·d^-1 + cisplatin 5 mg·kg^-1）. Each group was treated continuously for 14 days. The general condition of the mice was observed， body weight changes were recorded， and the tumor inhibition rate， spleen index， and thymus index were calculated. Peripheral blood white blood cell （WBC）， platelet （PLT）， and hemoglobin （HGB） were detected by routine blood tests. Flow cytometry was used to detect the expression of CD4⁺CD25⁺FoxP3⁺ regulatory T cells （Treg） and natural killer （NK） cells in the spleen. Western blot and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） were used to determine the expression of proteins and mRNA related to the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase （PI3K）/protein kinase B （Akt）/mammalian target of rapamycin （mTOR） signaling pathway in tumor tissues. ResultCompared with the blank group， the model group showed decreased body weight （P<0.05）， spleen index， and thymus index （P<0.05）， decreased percentage of NK cells in the spleen （P<0.05）， increased percentage of Treg cells （P<0.05）， and decreased counts of WBC， PLT， and HGB （P<0.05）. Compared with the model group， the Dabufei decoction group exhibited significant tumor growth inhibition， increased body weight， and reduced tumor weight （P<0.05）， increased percentage of NK cells （P<0.05）， decreased proportion of Treg cells （P<0.05）， and increased counts of WBC， PLT， and HGB （P<0.05）. In the cisplatin group， tumor growth was significantly inhibited， body weight significantly decreased （P<0.05）， and tumor weight significantly reduced （P<0.05）. The spleen index and thymus index decreased （P<0.05）， and the percentage of Treg cells significantly decreased （P<0.05）. The counts of WBC， PLT， and HGB significantly decreased （P<0.05）. In the Dabufei decoction combined with cisplatin group， tumor growth was significantly inhibited， and tumor weight significantly reduced （P<0.05）. The levels of phosphorylated PI3K， Akt， and mTOR proteins and mRNA in tumor tissues were significantly reduced in all medication groups （P<0.05）. Compared with the cisplatin group， the Dabufei decoction combined with cisplatin group showed significantly inhibited tumor growth， reduced tumor weight （P<0.05）， increased body weight （P<0.05）， increased spleen index and thymus index （P<0.05）， increased percentage of NK cells （P<0.05）， decreased percentage of Treg cells （P<0.05）， significantly increased counts of WBC， PLT， and HGB （P<0.05）， and reduced levels of phosphorylated PI3K， Akt， and mTOR and their mRNA （P<0.05）. ConclusionDabufei decoction combined with cisplatin has a synergistic effect with reduced toxicity， effectively regulating immune function， increasing the proportion of NK cells， reducing the proportion of Treg cells， improving bone marrow suppression， and downregulating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway to inhibit tumor growth in Lewis lung adenocarcinoma-bearing mice.

cFos is one of the most widely-studied genes in the field of neuroscience. Currently, there is no systematic database focusing on cFos in neuroscience. We developed a curated database—cFos-ANAB—a cFos-based web tool for exploring activated neurons and associated behaviors in rats and mice, comprising 398 brain nuclei and sub-nuclei, and five associated behaviors: pain, fear, feeding, aggression, and sexual behavior. Direct relationships among behaviors and nuclei (even cell types) under specific stimulating conditions were constructed based on cFos expression profiles extracted from original publications. Moreover, overlapping nuclei and sub-nuclei with potentially complex functions among different associated behaviors were emphasized, leading to results serving as important clues to the development of valid hypotheses for exploring as yet unknown circuits. Using the analysis function of cFos-ANAB, multi-layered pictures of networks and their relationships can quickly be explored depending on users’ purposes. These features provide a useful tool and good reference for early exploration in neuroscience. The cFos-ANAB database is available at www.cfos-db.net.

cFos is one of the most widely-studied genes in the field of neuroscience. Currently, there is no systematic database focusing on cFos in neuroscience. We developed a curated database-cFos-ANAB-a cFos-based web tool for exploring activated neurons and associated behaviors in rats and mice, comprising 398 brain nuclei and sub-nuclei, and five associated behaviors: pain, fear, feeding, aggression, and sexual behavior. Direct relationships among behaviors and nuclei (even cell types) under specific stimulating conditions were constructed based on cFos expression profiles extracted from original publications. Moreover, overlapping nuclei and sub-nuclei with potentially complex functions among different associated behaviors were emphasized, leading to results serving as important clues to the development of valid hypotheses for exploring as yet unknown circuits. Using the analysis function of cFos-ANAB, multi-layered pictures of networks and their relationships can quickly be explored depending on users' purposes. These features provide a useful tool and good reference for early exploration in neuroscience. The cFos-ANAB database is available at www.cfos-db.net .
Animals ; Fear ; Mice ; Neurons ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos ; Rats

Objective:To investigate the colonscopy screening interval among patients with negative colonscopy.Methods:We selected 14 606 participants who completed the baseline and 3-year or 5-year colonoscopy examinations in the American Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) dataset as the target population. Sociodemographic characteristics (i.e., sex, age, marital status, race, and smoking), lifestyle, family history of cancer, and family history of colorectal cancer were collected. Cochran-Armitage trend analysis was used to examine whether the rate of positive cases (colorectal cancer, advanced adenoma, adenoma, and hyperplastic polyp) was increased with the length of screening interval. We compared the differences in number of detected cases, positive rates, and proportions of 3-year and 5-year screening interval strategies using internal standardization method.Results:The age of the population was （61.9±5.2） years and over half of them were males (54.4%) and 46.2% had family cancer history. The mean screening interval between the first and second endoscopies was （1 639.1±320.9） days. A total of 1 716 cases had positive endoscopic findings. With the screening interval extended, rate of the screened positive cases was also increased ( P for trend<0.001). After standardized by the internal standardized population (14 606), 17.99 and 11.57 colorectal cancer cases and 177.37 and 240.35 advanced adenoma cases were detected by 3-year and 5-year screening interval strategies, respectively. Conclusion:Based on the initial screening negative population of colonoscopy in the United States, the 3-year screening interval strategy could detect a relatively large number of colorectal cancer cases, but its health and economic evaluation needs to be further explored.

Objective:To investigate the colonscopy screening interval among patients with negative colonscopy.Methods:We selected 14 606 participants who completed the baseline and 3-year or 5-year colonoscopy examinations in the American Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) dataset as the target population. Sociodemographic characteristics (i.e., sex, age, marital status, race, and smoking), lifestyle, family history of cancer, and family history of colorectal cancer were collected. Cochran-Armitage trend analysis was used to examine whether the rate of positive cases (colorectal cancer, advanced adenoma, adenoma, and hyperplastic polyp) was increased with the length of screening interval. We compared the differences in number of detected cases, positive rates, and proportions of 3-year and 5-year screening interval strategies using internal standardization method.Results:The age of the population was （61.9±5.2） years and over half of them were males (54.4%) and 46.2% had family cancer history. The mean screening interval between the first and second endoscopies was （1 639.1±320.9） days. A total of 1 716 cases had positive endoscopic findings. With the screening interval extended, rate of the screened positive cases was also increased ( P for trend<0.001). After standardized by the internal standardized population (14 606), 17.99 and 11.57 colorectal cancer cases and 177.37 and 240.35 advanced adenoma cases were detected by 3-year and 5-year screening interval strategies, respectively. Conclusion:Based on the initial screening negative population of colonoscopy in the United States, the 3-year screening interval strategy could detect a relatively large number of colorectal cancer cases, but its health and economic evaluation needs to be further explored.

Esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most lethal malignancies in the world and occurs at particularly higher frequency in China. While several genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of germline variants and whole-genome or whole-exome sequencing studies of somatic mutations in ESCC have been published, there is no comprehensive database publically available for this cancer. Here, we developed the Chinese Cancer Genomic Database-Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (CCGD-ESCC) database, which contains the associations of 69,593 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with ESCC risk in 2022 cases and 2039 controls, survival time of 1006 ESCC patients (survival GWAS) and gene expression (expression quantitative trait loci, eQTL) in 94 ESCC patients. Moreover, this database also provides the associations between 8833 somatic mutations and survival time in 675 ESCC patients. Our user-friendly database is a resource useful for biologists and oncologists not only in identifying the associations of genetic variants or somatic mutations with the development and progression of ESCC but also in studying the underlying mechanisms for tumorigenesis of the cancer. CCGD-ESCC is freely accessible at http://db.cbi.pku.edu.cn/ccgd/ESCCdb.
Aged ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; China ; epidemiology ; Databases, Genetic ; Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma ; genetics ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genetic Variation ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Humans ; Internet ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; genetics ; User-Computer Interface

ABSTRACT:Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of anthocyanin on hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury in rats .Methods Totally 30 SD rats were randomly divided into sham group ,model group and anthocyanin group (n=10 in each) .Hepatic ischemia was constructed in model group and anthocyanin group by ligating left middle lobe of liver vascular branches for 90 min . Anthocyanin was administered at 90 min before ischemia by intraperitoneal injection at the concentration of 100 mg/kg for rats in anthocyanin group .Rats in model group and sham group were injected with the same dosage of normal saline at the same time .Serum and liver tissues were collected at 4 h after reperfusion by putting the rats to death .The expressions of ALT ,AST ,IL‐6 ,IL‐1βand TNF‐αin the serum were examined by ELISA .The pathological changes of liver tissue were evaluated by HE .The mRNA levels of IL‐6 ,IL‐1βand TNF‐αwere measured by RT‐PCR .The content of MDA was examined by TBA . The activities of CAT ,GPx and SOD were evaluated by xanthine oxidase method and the expression of p‐JAK2 ,p‐STAT3 ,JAK2 ,STAT3 and P53 were measured by Western blot .Results Compared with those in the sham group ,the activities of ALT and AST ,the expressions of p‐JAK2 ,p‐STAT3 ,P53 ,IL‐6 ,IL‐1β,TNF‐α and the content of MDA as well as the pathological changes of the liver in model group were significantly increased . However ,the activities of CAT ,GPx and SOD in model group were decreased and the expressions of JAK2 and STAT3 between the two groups did not differ .Compared with those in model group ,the activities of ALT and AST ,the expressions of p‐JAK2 ,p‐STAT3 ,P53 ,IL‐6 ,IL‐1β,TNF‐α,the content of MDA and the pathological changes of the liver in anthocyanin group were significantly decreased . But the activities of CAT , GPx and SOD in anthocyanin group were increased and the expressions of JAK 2 and STAT3 between the two groups did not differ , either .Conclusion Anthocyanin pretreatment can significantly decrease hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury by suppressing oxidative stress and inflammation ,and the mechanism may be associated with reducing JAK2/STAT3/P53 signaling activation .