Heart sound signal is a kind of physiological signal with nonlinear and nonstationary features. In order to improve the accuracy and efficiency of the phonocardiogram (PCG) classification, a new method was proposed by means of support vector machine (SVM) in which the complete ensemble empirical modal decomposition with adaptive noise (CEEMDAN) permutation entropy was as the eigenvector of heart sound signal. Firstly, the PCG was decomposed by CEEMDAN into a number of intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) from high to low frequency. Secondly, the IMFs were sifted according to the correlation coefficient, energy factor and signal-to-noise ratio. Then the instantaneous frequency was extracted by Hilbert transform, and its permutation entropy was constituted into eigenvector. Finally, the accuracy of the method was verified by using a hundred PCG samples selected from the 2016 PhysioNet/CinC Challenge. The results showed that the accuracy rate of the proposed method could reach up to 87%. In comparison with the traditional EMD and EEMD permutation entropy methods, the accuracy rate was increased by 18%-24%, which demonstrates the efficiency of the proposed method.
Entropy ; Heart Sounds ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Signal-To-Noise Ratio ; Support Vector Machine

OBJECTIVE To investigate the risk factors for tigecycline -induced hypofibrinogenaemia by systematic review . METHODS The literature about risk factors for tigecycline -induced hypofibrinogenaemia were retrieved from English databases （PubMed，Cochrane Library ，Embase，Web of Science ）and Chinese databases （CNKI，Wanfang Database ，VIP，CBM）during the inception to Feb . 5th，2022. At the same time ，the unpublished clinical trial data were additionally searched . After the quality evaluation of the included literature was carried out by adopting the Castle -Ottawa Scale （NOS），data were extracted from the literature that met the inclusion criteria ，and Meta -analysis was conducted by using RevMan 5.3 software. RESULTS Finally，8 literature were selected ，with a total of 1 374 cases，including 706 cases in the trial group and 668 cases in the control group . There were 4 Chinese and 4 English literature ，all of which were case control studies published between 2017-2021. Meta-analysis showed that the risk factors for tigecycline -induced hypofibrinogenaemia were age [OR＝1.04，95%CI（1.02，1.06），P＝0.000 5]，baseline fibrinogen level [OR＝0.54，95%CI（0.42，0.69），P＜0.000 01]，abdominal infection （sensitivity analysis ）[OR＝9.43，95%CI（4.24， 20.95），P＜0.000 01]，dose each time [OR＝2.87，95%CI（2.04，4.02），P＜0.000 01]，medication time [OR＝1.10，95%CI（1.00， 1.22），P＝0.04]. CONCLUSIONS Advanced age ，low baseline fibrinogen levels ，abdominal cavity infection ，relative high dose each time and slightly long medication time are potential risk factors for tigecycline -induced hypofibrinogenaemia . If the above risk factors exist ，it is suggested to pay close attention to the occurrence of hypofibrinogenaemia in the course of tigecycline administration.

【Objective】 To understand the prevalence of overweight and obesity in the professional population taking physical examination in Xi’an city so as to analyze the relationship of overweight and obesity with the unhealthy lifestyle and provide scientific evidence for the formulation of obesity management strategies. 【Methods】 A total of 10 616 professional subjects taking health examination were included in the study. Data concerning smoking, drinking, diet, sleep and night shift were collected through questionnaires; the subjects’ height and weight were measured and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. 【Results】 We recruited a total of 10 616 subjects in this study, of whom 8 320 (78.8%) were males and 2 296 (21.1%) were females. The total overweight rate in the study population was 40.8%, with 46.6% for males and 19.6% for females. The total obesity rate was 14.3%, among which 16.8% was for males and 5.0% for females. The overweight rate and obesity rate of males were both significantly higher than those of females (P<0.05). There was a linear correlation of BMI with smoking, drinking, eating habits (vegetarianism, sweet and meat intake), sleeping time, and night shift frequency (P<0.05). There was a grade correlation between exercise frequency and BMI. BMI increased with the increase of exercise frequency (P=0.017). The results of multiple Logistic regression analysis on the influence of different factors on overweight/obesity showed that male, age and meat preference were independent risk factors for overweight, while vegetarianism was the protective factor for overweight. Male, age, smoking, meat preference, and night shift ≥2 times/week were independent risk factors for obesity, while vegetarianism and exercise≥3 times/week were the protective factors. 【Conclusion】 The overweight/obesity rate of males is higher than that of female in Xi’an city. Unhealthy lifestyle such as smoking, meat preference and night shift ≥2 times/week are independent risk factors for obesity, while vegetarian diet and regular exercise habits are conducive to weight management.

Objective:To investigate the atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk and blood lipid level of occupational population in Xi'an and to provide reference for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.Methods:Data of employees who came from 35 organizations and underwent physical examination in Xi'an city from March to December 2019 in Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital were collected through cross-sectional investigation to evaluate ASCVD risk factors and compare their blood lipid level.Results:⑴ There were 8 806 subjects, including 7 104 males and 1 702 females. The highest risk factor exposure rates were overweight/obesity and smoking, accounting for 56.0% and 54.1%, respectively. The proportion of dyslipidemia was triglycerides (TG) (42.8%), total cholesterol (TC) (29.0%), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (16.2%) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (16.1%). ⑵ According to the ASCVD risk assessment, the proportion of low risk, median risk and high risk were 77.7%, 12.9% and 9.4%, respectively. ASCVD risk was higher in men than in women, and the age ≥40 years group was higher than that of the age < 40 years group (all P<0.05). There were 530 cases taken risk assessment for rest of life, among which 283 cases were at high risk, accounting for 53.4%. ⑶ The average LDL value was (2.69±0.74)mmol/L, with a compliance rate of 78.4%. The average non-HDL value was (3.50±0.92)mmol/L, and the compliance rate was 70.1%. There was no significant difference in LDL and non-HDL compliance rates not only between the ASCVD risk groups, but also between the high-risk group and the non-high-risk group ( P>0.05). Conclusions:The occupational population in Xi'an has a large proportion of exposure to ASCVD risk factors, about 1/4 of which are ASCVD high-risk, and a better lipid control is expected to reduce the 10-year risk of ASCVD incidence.

OBJECTIVE： To optimize the water extraction technology of Chaihu anxin capsules. METHODS： Taking comprehensive scoring value of  the contents of gallic acid，chlorogenic acid，puerarin，glycoside，rutin，cinnamic acid， quercetin and the yield of extract as investigation index， using multiple of adding liquid， soaking time， reflux time and extraction times as factors， water extraction technology of Chaihu anxin capsule was optimized by Box-Behnken response surface method based on single factor test. Validation test was conducted. RESULTS： The optimal extraction technology of Chaihu anxin capsules was adding 11 times of water， soaking for 10 h， extracting for 2 times， refluxing for 1.5 h each time. In validation test， the relative deviation of comprehensive scoring value to predicted value was 1.87％ for 3 batches of samples （RSD＜2％， n＝3）. CONCLUSIONS： The optimal extraction technology is simple， stable and suitable for further production of Chaihu anxin capsules.

OBJECTIVE： To optimize the ultrasonic extraction technology for Jinjuan shengban capsules. METHODS： Using comprehensive score of indexes as transfer rate of gallic acid， chlorogenic acid， baicalin， aloe emodin and emodin methyl ether， with ethanol volume fraction， ultrasonic power， ultrasonic extraction time and liquid-material ratio as factors， the ultrasound extraction technology of Jinjuan shengban capsules was optimized by Box-Behnken response surface methodology based on single factor test. The validation test was conducted. RESULTS： The best extraction technology was 50-fold 70％ ethanol， extracting 40 min under 300 W. In validation test， average transfer rates of gallic acid， chlorogenic acid， baicalin， aloe emodin and emodin methyl ether were 85.92％， 86.37％， 92.76％， 90.84％ and 87.26％ （RSD＜3.57％，n＝3） in 3 batches of samples； comprehensive score was 88.95％， relative error of which to predicted value of 88.27％ was 1.10％. CONCLUSIONS： The response surface method combined with multi-index comprehensive scoring can be used to optimize the extraction technology of Jinjuan shengban capsules which is simple and stable.

Objective: To investigate the expression of ciRS-7 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and its effect on the cellular proliferation, migration and invasion. Methods: The cancer tissues and paired adjacent normal tissues from 60 ESCC patients treated in the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University between May, 2016 andApril, 2017 were selected for this study. The expressions of ciRS-7 were detected by qRT-PCR. After over-expressing or silencing of ciRS-7, the proliferation of ESCC cell line TE1 was measured by CCK-8 assay; and the migration and invasion were tested by wound healing assay and Transwell invasion assay，respectively. Finally, the effect was validated via animal experiment. Results: CiRS-7 was highly expressed in ESCC tissues (P<0.05), and its expression level was closely related to pathological grade and lymph node metastasis (P<0.05). Over-expression of ciRS-7 significantly increased the proliferation, migration and invasion (all P<0.05) of TE1 cells; while silencing of ciRS-7 remarkably suppressed the proliferation, migration and invasion (all P<0.05). Conclusion: CiRS-7 was up-regulated in ESCC and could enhance ESCC cell proliferation, migration and invasion, suggesting that ciRS-7 could be used as a potential target for the diagnosis and treatment of ESCC.

[Abstract] Objective: To investigate the regulating effects of miR-92b on the expression of EZH2 (enhancer of zeste homolog 2) gene and the proliferation and invasion abilities of esophageal cancer (EC) cells. Methods: Fifteen cases of esophageal cancer tissues that preserved in the research center of the Fourth HospitalAffiliated to Heibei Medical University from January 2016 to January 2017 were selected for this study. The bioinformatics tool was used to predict the possible miRNAs that might target EZH2. The mimics of predicted miRNAs were transfected into human esophageal carcinoma cell lines Eca109, respectively. Then the regulation effect of miRNAs on EZH2 gene expression was validated by real-time PCR, Western blotting and dual luciferase reporter experiment. In the meanwhile, EZH2 over-expression plasmids were co-transfected into esophageal carcinoma Eca109 cells, and the effects of miRNAs and EZH2 expression changes on the proliferation, apoptosis , invasion and migration of esophageal carcinoma cells were detected by CCK-8 method, Flow Cytometry, Transwell Invasion and migration assay, respectively. Results: Bioinformatics analysis showed that miR-92b, let7a and miR-25 could combine with potential binding sites at 3’-terminal non-translation region of EZH2 gene. Real-time PCR results showed that only miR-92b was able to regulate the expression of EZH2, and miR-92b was negatively correlated to EZH2 in esophageal cancer (P<0.01). Compared with mimic-NC, the expression of EZH2 mRNA, protein and luciferase activity in Eca109 cells after miR-92b mimic transfection was significantly down-regulated (both P<0.01). However, miR-92b mimic transfection had no effect on the apoptosis of Eca109 cells. Moreover, the proliferation, invasion and migration of Eca109 cells were significantly inhibited after transfection with miR-92b-mimic (P<0.01). In addition, after co-transfection with EZH2 over-expression plasmids, the effects of miR-92b-mimic on the proliferation, invasion and migration of Eca109 cells were significantly weakened (P<0.01). Conclusion: miR-92b can inhibit the proliferation,invasionandmigrationofesophagealcarcinomacells,anditsmechanismmayberelatedtoitstargetregulationofEZH2. ··

Objective: To investigate the effect of miR-124 on the invasion and migration of esophageal cancer KYSE170 cells by regulating autophagy. Methods: miR-124 mimic was transfected into esophageal cancer KYSE170 cells. Transwell assay was used to detect the change of invasion and migration ability of cells. Dual luciferase reporter gene assay was used to verify the targeted regulation of BECN1 (Beclin1) by miR-124, and Western blotting was used to analyze the expressions of BECN1, P62 and LC3 protein. siRNA targeting BECN1 was transfeted into KYSE170 cells, and then the cell invasion and migration ability was calculated by Transwell assay. The expressions of BECN1, P62 and LC3 protein were detected by Western blotting. miR-124 mimic and BECN1 over-expression plasmid were co-transfected into KYSE170 cells, and then Transwell assay was used to detect the changes of cell invasion and migration ability, and Western blotting to examine the expression levels of autophagy-related gene. Results: The invasion and migration ability of KYSE170 cells were significantly inhibited after transfection with miR-124 mimic (All P<0.05). The expression of autophagyrelated protein P62 was increased, and the expression of BECN1 and LC3 was significantly decreased (All P<0.01); in addition, the activity of luciferase reporter gene was also significantly reduced (P<0.01). Silencing BECN1 expression inhibited the invasion and migration of esophageal cancer KYSE170 cells (P<0.01). However, after co-transfection with BECN1 over-expression plasmids, the effects of miR-124 mimic on the autophagy, invasion and migration of esophageal carcinoma KYSE170 cells were significantly weakened (P<0.01), it was also accompanied with lower P62 expression, and higher LC3 expression (P<0.01). Conclusion: miR-124 mimic can inhibit the invasion and migration of esophageal carcinoma cells. The mechanism may be related to the autophagy-related gene BECN1 expression.

Objective To investigate the correlation between tumor necrosis factor-α inducing protein (Tipα),phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted onchromosome ten (PTEN) and gastric cancer.Methods To detecte the relative quantification of Tipα and lost phosphatase gene of tenth chromosome PTEN in gastric cancer,paracancerous tissues and normal gastric tissues by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) technique.Results (1) The expression levels of Tipα and PTEN in gastric cancer,paracancerous tissues and normal gastric tissues were 0.83 ± 0.07,0.16 ± 0.10,0.10 ± 0.12,0.23 ±0.05,0.92 ±0.07,1.84 ±0.13,respectively.Comparison of gastric cancer with paracancerous tissues and normal gastric tissue,there were significant statistical differences(P ＜0.05).(2) The expression levels of Tipα and PTEN in low and well differentiated gastric carcinoma were1.10 ± 0.04,0.36 ± 0.05,0.08 ± 0.05,0.36 ± 0.04,respectively,both of which are significantly associated with the degree of differentiation of gastric cancer(P ＜ 0.05);The expression levels of Tipα and PTEN in gastric cancer tissues with or without lymph node metastasis were 0.18 ±0.12,0.82 ±0.09,0.10 ±0.12,0.38 ±0.10,both had significant correlation with lymph node metastasis of gastric cancer(P ＜ 0.05);The expression of PTEN in gastric cancer tumor node metastasis (TNM) Ⅰ-Ⅱ and Ⅲ-Ⅳ were 0.25 ±0.04,0.06±0.07,which means PTEN was significantly correlated with gastric cancer TNM staging(P ＜ 0.05).(3) The expressions of Tipα and PTEN were negatively correlated in gastric cancer tissues (r =-0.883,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions (1) Tipα may be a cancer-promoting factor;PTEN maybe a tumor suppressor factor;(2) There is a negative correlation between the expression of Tipα and PTEN in gastric carcinoma.