Objective To establish a method for simultaneous determination of HPLC fingerprint and multi-target ingredients in Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma(AMR),in order to provide reference for its quality control.Methods HPLC-DAD multi-wavelength switching method was used to establish fingerprint of AMR,similarity evaluation combined with hierarchical clustering analysis(HCA),principal components analysis(PCA)and discriminant analysis of partial least squares(PLS-DA)were used to carry out chemometric study.The contents of differential component such as atractylenolide Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and atractylon were determined simultaneously.Results The HPLC fingerprint of 37 batches of AMR was established.Nine common peaks were marked,and 4 of them were identified as atractylon,atractylenolide Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ.The similarity degrees were between 0.539 and 0.996,the quality of AMR from different origin and different batches varies greatly.Atractylon,atractylenolide Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and one unknown component(peak 9)are the important factors affecting the quality of AMR.Conclusion The combination methods of HPLC fingerprint and simultaneous determinations of multiple components are simple,stable,accurate and reliable,which can provide reference for the quality evaluation of AMR and the improvement of quality standard,as well as lay a foundation for the basic research of its pharmacodynamic substances and related compound.

Objective:To analyze the prognostic value and threshold effect of serum C3,C4 in patients with multiple myeloma (MM). Methods:The clinical data of 146 patients with MM who visited Suqian First People's Hospital from October 2016 to October 2019 were collected. The patients were divided into deceased group (42 cases) and survival group (104 cases) according to their prognosis and survival. The risk factors affecting the prognosis of the patients were analyzed. The correlation of serum C3 and C4 with prognosis was analyzed by threshold effect. The predictive value of serum C3/C4 on the prognosis of MM patients was evaluated by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Nomogram model was constructed,and the discrimination and accuracy of the model were evaluated. The nomogram model was internally validated by bootstrap resampling. Results:Durie-Salmon (DS) stage Ⅲ,decreased low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and apolipoprotein B (Apo B),elevated homocysteine (Hcy),uric acid (UA),and serum C3 and C4 were independent risk factors affecting the prognosis of MM patients (P<0.05). Curve fitting showed that the mortality probability of MM patients increased with the increase of serum C3 and C4 levels. The threshold effect analysis showed that when serum C3 was higher than 1.2 g/L or serum C4 was higher than 0.37 g/L,the mortality rate of MM patients increased with the increase of the index levels;When serum C3 was lower than 1.2 g/L or serum C4 was lower than 0.37 g/L,the mortality rate of MM patients had no significant correlation with the indexes. Serum C3 and C4 had a good predictive value for the prognosis of MM patients,and the combination of C3 and C4 had a higher predictive value. The validation results showed that the nomogram model constructed in our study had good discrimination and high accuracy. Conclusion:Elevated levels of serum C3 and C4 are independent risk factors for mortality in patients with MM. The combination of serum C3 and C4 is more valuable in predicting mortality in MM patients than C3 or C4 alone,which can be used as a sensitive index to evaluate the prognosis of MM patients.

Aim To investigate the mechanism and search for potential biomarkers of ovalbumin ( OVA ) -induced asthma in mice base on lipidomics. Methods A BALB/c mouse model of asthma was prepared by OVA. TNF-α, IL-4, IL-10, IFN-γ levels in BALF and IgE level in serum were measured by ELISA. The inflammatory changes in mouse lung tissue were observed using HE staining. Lipid mediators ( LMs) in lung tissue and serum were quantified with UPLC-MS/ MS strategy. Results IgE level in serum and TNF-α, IFN-γ levels in BALF were higher (P <0.05) of asthmatic mice.Typical inflammatory manifestations were seen in lung tissue of asthmatic mice. A total of 57 lipid mediators were quantified with UPLC-MRM. LMs metabolic profiles differed significantly in serum and lung tissue between asthmatic and normal mice, 17 significantly different LMs were found in lung tissue and 6 LMs were found in serum, and the differential metabolites were produced through the cyclooxygenase (COX), lipoxygenase (LOX) and cytochrome P450 oxidase (P450) metabolic pathways. Conclusions OVA-induced allergic asthma can cause disorder of lip-id mediators, LMs and cytokines are involved in the occurrence and development of asthma. The differential LMs have potential research value as biomarkers for the development of allergic asthma.

Objective:To explore the efficacy and safety of endoscopic injection of polidocanol combined with low-dose tissue glue occlusion in the treatment of F3 esophageal varices in liver cirrhosis.Methods:Retrospective analysis was made on 42 patients with cirrhosis type F3 esophageal varices admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University from January 2020 to June 2021. According to different treatment methods, they were divided into the observation group and the control group, with 21 cases in each group. The observation group received endoscopic injection of polidocanol combined with low-dose tissue glue occlusion, while the control group received endoscopic injection of polidocanol. The differences in the effectiveness (remission rate of varices) and safety (incidence of intraoperative bleeding and postoperative rebleeding, incidence of ectopic embolism, incidence of esophageal ulcer, incidence of esophageal perforation, incidence of esophageal stricture) of the two groups of patients were compared.Results:The total effective rate of relieving esophageal varices in the observation group was significantly better than that in the control group [95.2%(20/21) vs 61.9%(13/21), χ 2=6.929, P=0.008]. There were no cases of ectopic embolism in both groups; The intraoperative bleeding rate in the observation group was 4.8% (1/21), significantly lower than the 38.1% (8/21) in the control group (χ 2=6.929, P=0.008); There was no statistically significant difference in postoperative rebleeding rates between the two groups [33.3%(7/21) vs 23.8%(5/21), χ 2=0.467, P=0.495]; The incidence of esophageal ulcers in the observation group was higher than that in the control group [23.8%(5/21) vs 0, χ 2=5.676, P=0.017], mainly caused by glue discharge ulcers; There were no cases of esophageal perforation and esophageal stricture in both groups. Conclusions:Endoscopic injection of polidocanol combined with low-dose tissue glue occlusion for the treatment of F3 esophageal varices in liver cirrhosis is safe, can greatly reduce the occurrence of intraoperative bleeding, and has a better one-time variceal eradication effect.

Objective: To analyze the status of excess heart age and its risk factors among Chinese residents aged 35 to 64 years. Methods: The study subjects were Chinese residents aged 35 to 64 years who completed the heart age assessment by WeChat official account "Heart Strengthening Action" through the internet from January 2018 to April 2021. Information such as age, gender, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, total cholesterol (TC), smoking history, and diabetes history was collected. The heart age and excess heart age were calculated according to the characteristics of individual cardiovascular risk factors and the heart aging was defined as excess heart age≥5 years and 10 years respectively. The heart age and standardization rate were calculated respectively based on the population standardization of the 7th census in 2021.CA trend test was used to analyze the changing trend of excess heart age rate and population attributable risk (PAR) was used to calculate the contribution of risk factors. Results: The mean age of 429 047 subjects was (49.25±8.66) years. The male accounted for 51.17% (219 558/429 047) and the excess heart age was 7.00 (0.00, 11.00) years. The excess heart age rate defined by excess heart age≥5 years and ≥10 years was 57.02% (the standardized rate was 56.83%) and 38.02% (the standardized rate was 37.88%) respectively. With the increase of the age and number of risk factors, the excess heart age rate of the two definitions showed an upward trend according to the result of the trend test analysis (P<0.001). The top two risk factors of the PAR for excess heart age were overweight or obese and smoking. Among them, the male was smoking and overweight or obese, while the female was overweight or obese and having hypercholesterolemia. Conclusion: The excess heart age rate is high in Chinese residents aged 35 to 64 years and the contribution of overweight or obese, smoking and having hypercholesterolemia ranks high.
Humans ; Male ; Female ; Overweight ; Hypercholesterolemia/epidemiology* ; Risk Factors ; Obesity/epidemiology* ; Body Mass Index ; China/epidemiology*

OBJECTIVE: To study the differences between the serum metabolites in patients with adenomatous polyps of the colon and yang-deficiency constitution and those without colon polyps and with balanced constitution, and look for biomarkers that can be used to distinguish between the two groups. METHODS: General patient information was gathered, and Chinese medicine constitution were collected in 940 patients who underwent electronic colonoscopy. A total of 119 patients with adenomatous polyps of the colon and yang-deficiency constitution were included in the experimental group, and 150 patients without colon polyps and with balanced constitution were included in the control group. Metabolomics analysis was performed on the fasting venous blood obtained from each patient in both groups. Principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis were performed on the detection results, potential biomarkers were screened, metabolic pathway changes were determined, and the metabolic processes involved were discussed. RESULTS: A total of 59 differential biomarkers between the experimental group and the control group were identified. The differential metabolites were found mainly in the glycerophospholipid metabolism pathway, and the bile acid 3-oxo-4,6-choladienoic acid was the biomarker that distinguished the experimental group from the control group. CONCLUSION With the help of metabolomics analysis, the differential metabolites in patients with adenomatous polyps of the colon and yang-deficiency constitution and those in patients without colon polyps and with balanced constitution could be identified. The biomarker 3-oxo-4,6-choladienoic acid may have potential diagnostic value in patients with adenomatous polyp of the colon and yang-deficiency constitution. (Trial Registration No. NCT02986308).
Adenomatous Polyps ; Biomarkers ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Colon ; Humans ; Mass Spectrometry ; Yang Deficiency

ObjectiveTo observe the protective effect of Chaihu Jia Longgu Mulitang （CLMT） on dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease with depression （PDD） model rats， and to explore the mechanism based on adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin （AMPK/mTOR） signaling pathway. MethodAmong the 80 male SD rats， 10 were randomly selected as normal group and the rest were treated with long-term low-dose subcutaneous injection of rotenone in the neck and back combined with chronic unpredictable mild stress （CUMS） to establish PDD rat model. The successfully modeled PDD rats were randomly divided into model group， western medicine group （madopar 0.032 g·kg^-1+fluoxetine hydrochloride 0.002 g·kg^-1）， CLMT low-dose， medium-dose and high-dose groups （5， 10 and 20 g·kg^-1）， 10 rats in each group. Normal group and model group were administrated with the same amount of normal saline by gavage for 4 consecutive weeks. Behavioral changes of rats in each group were evaluated by open field test and pole climbing test. The content of dopamine （DA） and 5-hydroxytryptamine （5-HT） in cerebrospinal fluid was determined by high performance liquid chromatography （HPCL）. The pathological changes of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra of rats were observed by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining. The positive expression of tyrosine hydroxylase （TH） and expression of α-synuclein in substantia nigra were detected by immunohistochemistry （IHC） and immunofluorescence （IF）， repsectively. The protein expression of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 （LC3）， adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase （AMPK）， phosphorylated AMPK （p-AMPK）， mammalian target of rapamycin （mTOR） and phosphorylated mTOR （p-mTOR） was detected by Western blot. ResultCompared with the conditions in normal group， the total horizontal distance and the activity time in the central region in open field test and the content of DA and 5-HT in cerebrospinal fluid were decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and the time of pole climbing was shortened （P<0.01）， with increased score （P<0.01） in model group. Compared with model group， CLMT high-dose group and western medicine group increased the total horizontal distance and activity time in the central region and the content of DA and 5-HT （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and extended the time of climbing pole （P<0.05）， with decreased score （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with those in normal group， the number of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra was reduced， with narrowed and loosely arranged cell body. The fluorescence expression of α-synuclein was enhanced （P<0.01）， and the positive expression of TH was decreased （P<0.01） in model group. Compared with model group， CLMT high-dose group and western medicine group showed elevated number of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra， with enlarged cell body， and decreased fluorescence expression of α-synuclein， and enhanced the positive expression of TH （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with normal group， model group had lowered expression of LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰ， p-AMPK/AMPK in striatum （P<0.05， P<0.01） and increased expression of p-mTOR/mTOR （P<0.01）. Compared with those in model group， LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰ and p-AMPK/AMPK expression were increased （P<0.05， P<0.01） and p-mTOR /mTOR expression was decreased （P<0.01） in CLMT high-dose group and western medicine group. ConclusionCLMT exerts a neuroprotective effect by inhibiting rotenone neurotoxicity. It enhances the level of DA， and thus improves the depression condition in rats with Parkinson's disease. The underlying mechanism may be related to the regulation of AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway， activation of autophagy， and promotion of degrading α-synuclein.

Objective To investigate the characteristics of obese children with asthma and to analyze its influencing factors in Yiling area of Yichang. Methods A stratified random cluster sampling method was used to select 379 obese children with asthma in Yiling area from 2018 to 2019, and 210 healthy children in the same period were selected as the control group. The general information of the children was obtained through questionnaire survey. Univariate and multivariate logistic analyses were conducted for statistical analysis of the data. Results The proportion of male, living in city, family history of asthma, second-hand smoke exposure ≥ 5 days / week, vegetable intake and sweet food intake were higher in the obese children with asthma than those in the control group (P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic analysis revealed that male children, living in city, family history of asthma, second-hand smoke exposure, less vegetable intake and more sweet food intake were risk factors for obesity with asthma in children (P < 0.05); ORs (95% CI) were 1.425 (1.057-1.878), 1.347 (1.124-1.742), 2.014 (1.326-4.222), 1.879 (1.879) 415-3.775）, 2.503（1.550-5.730）, 2.184（1.484-5.371）. Conclusion The incidence rate of childhood obesity and asthma in Yiling was higher in male than in female children. Living in city, family history of asthma, secondhand smoke exposure, less vegetable intake and more sweet food intake were the risk factors for obesity and asthma. Development of effective intervention measures is essential to reduce the incidence rate of childhood obesity and asthma in Yiling.

Objective To investigate the clinical effects of peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) in the treatment of achalasia of cardia. Methods Clinical data of 27 cases who were diagnosed with achalasia of cardia recived POEM from May 2014 to March 2016 were collected retrospectively. The surgical results, before and after POEM, parameters measured by esophageal manometry and complications after POEM and during follow-up were analyzed. Results POEM were successful 100.0% in the 27 patients. There was 1 case of subcutaneous emphysema, 1 case of aeropleura symptoms were significantly improved in all patients who had successful POEM; parameters measured by esophageal manometry were also improved obviously (P < 0.05). Conclusion POEM has appreciable short-term effects in the treatment for achalasia of cardia, and it can be relieve dysphagia and other adverse symptoms in postoperation, but the long-term efficacy and complications need further follow-up observations.

Objective To study the therapeutic effects of Xileisan Pessary on rats with cervicitis based on the idea of treating different diseases with the same therapy. Methods Vagina perfusion of hydroxybenzene mucilage was used to establish rat cervicitis models. Rats were randomly divided into normal group, model group, positive medicine group, low-, medium-, and high-dose Xileisan Pessary groups. Rats with cervicitis were treated with Xileisan Pessary from the next day after modeling for 10 days. The amount of neutrophilic granulocytes and leukocytes were detected by blood routine analysis meter; cervial histopathologic examination was conducted by HE staining. Results Compared with normal group, the numbers of granulocyte and leucocyte increased significantly in the model group (P<0.01). Compared with the model group, the numbers of granulocyte and leucocyte in the low-dose Xileisan Pessary group showed a decreasing trend (P<0.05, P<0.01); cervical inflammation mucosal epithelium and tissue necrosis were signally alleviated; granulocyte in the medium-dose Xileisan Pessary group showed a decreasing trend (P>0.05);the content of leucocyte hardly changed;granulocyte in the high-dose Xileisan Pessary group increased observably (P<0.01); the number of leucocyte showed an increasing trend (P>0.05), and the numbers of granulocyte and leucocyte in positive medicine group decreased observably (P<0.01), and cervical inflammation mucosal epithelium and tissue necrosis were also signally alleviated. Conclusion Xileisan Perssary can relieve the inflammation of cervix and repair injured mucosa. It has the function of treating different diseases with the same therapy.