OBJECTIVE To compare the long-term cost-effectiveness of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone analogue （GnRHa） combined with recombinant human growth hormone （rhGH） （combination therapy regimen） versus GnRHa monotherapy （monotherapy regimen） in the treatment of central precocious puberty （CPP）. METHODS From the societal perspective and based on a real-world study conducted at West China Second Hospital of Sichuan University， the cost-effectiveness analysis was performed to compare the long-term cost-effectiveness of two pharmacotherapy regimens for CPP girls， with final height as outcome indexes， using per capita disposable income of rural residents and urban residents （20 133-49 283 yuan） in 2022 as the social willing-to-pay （WTP） threshold. The robustness of the basic analysis result was verified by using one-way sensitivity analysis and probability sensitivity analysis， and the cost-effectiveness of different combinations of long-acting preparations was compared using scenario analysis. RESULTS The basic analysis result showed that the combination therapy regimen required an additional cost of 25 193.49 yuan for every one-centimeter improvement in the final height of girls with CPP compared with the monotherapy regimen， which was not cost-effective for residents in rural areas， but it was cost-effective for residents in urban areas. One-way sensitivity analysis showed that the uncertain factors with potential impacts on the results were， in order， the price of rhGH， the final height of pediatric patients in the combination therapy regimen group， the course of rhGH in the combination therapy regimen group， and the final height of pediatric patients in the monotherapy regimen group. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis indicated that the probability of the combination therapy regimen being cost-effective was higher than that of the monotherapy regimen when WTP was more than 26 010 yuan/cm. When GnRHa long-acting preparation was used for intramuscular injection every 3 months， the combination therapy regimen was not cost-effective for rural residents， but was cost-effective for urban residents； when rhGH long-acting preparation was injected subcutaneously once a week， the combination therapy regimen was not cost-effective for residents in both rural areas and urban areas. CONCLUSIONS The combination of GnRHa and rhGH is only recommended for CPP children with better affordability to improve final height. The benefits， risks， and affordability of treatment should be comprehensively considered before the decisions on pharmacotherapy， to avoid abuse of rhGH due to the blind pursuit of height growth.

The acupoint sensitization theory,a breakthrough in acupuncture and moxibustion over the past two decades,has greatly enhanced the understanding of meridians and acupoints while increasing the effectiveness of clinical diagnosis and treatment in acupuncture and moxibustion practices.The number of studies on surface sensitization site detection for different diseases is increasing.However,systematic sorting and a summary of the detection mode of surface sensitization points are lacking.Therefore,this study categorizes the method of surface sensitization point detection into two modes:pan-scanning and focused scanning.The classification is based on the characteristics of the openness of the research purpose,the precision of the target range,and the degree of variation during detection.The two modes have considerable differences in the exploration efficiency and the presentation of result.The pan-scanning mode can be further subdivided into holistic and localized pan-scanning modes,whereas the focused-scanning mode can be subdivided into fixed-and variable-focused scanning modes.This study analyzes the application scenarios,characteristics,advantages,and limitations of each detection mode and presents opinions on mode selection,mode innovation,and future development directions.This study aims to provide valuable insights and guidance for the follow-up research on surface sensitization site detection of various diseases.

Objective To investigate the relationship between structural changes and imaging changes of quadriceps fat pad(QFP)and prefemoral fat pad(PFP)in patients with knee osteoarthritis.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 100 patients with knee osteoarthritis admitted to our hospital from June 2020 to June 2022,all of whom underwent magnetic resonance examination.100 patients had a total of 150 knees,and the 150 knees were divided into two groups:non-knee radiologic Osteoarthritis(ROA)group and ROA group.The basic data,QFP and PFP parameters of the two groups were compared,and the correlation between each parameter and KLG grade,Hoffa synovitis and exudative synovitis was analyzed.Results The head and tail diameter of QFP in ROA group was significantly longer than that in non-ROA group,the number of QFP high signal and PFP patellofemoral high signal cases was significantly higher than that in non-ROA group,the number of QFP mass effect cases was significantly lower than that in non-ROA group,and the maximum thickness of PFP was significantly lower than that in non-ROA group.QFP high signal and PFP patellar high signal were positively correlated with KLG grading(r=0.271,0.399).The maximum thickness of PFP was negatively correlated with KLG grade(r=-0.418).QFP high signal was positively correlated with Hoffa synovitis(r=0.330).QFP mass effect and PFP maximum thickness were negatively correlated with Hoffa synovitis(r=-0.291,-0.441).PFP maximum thickness was negatively correlated with exudative synovitis(r=-0.561).PFP patellar high signal was positively correlated with cartilage defects at different sites(r=0.320,0.418,0.358,0.410,0.291).QFP mass effect and PFP maximum thickness was negatively correlated with different sites of cartilage defects(r=-0.358,-0.287,-0.287,-0.287,-0.170,-0.399,-0.438,-0.498,-0.457,-0.350).The anteroposterior diameter of the QFP was negatively correlated with the medial tibial cartilage defect(r=-0.260).Conclusion Imaging changes of QFP and PFP are closely related to KLG grade,synovitis,articular cartilage defect,and subchondral myelopathy in patients with knee osteoarthritis,and play an important role in the occurrence and development of knee osteoarthritis.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness， safety， economy， innovation， suitability and accessibility of recombinant Mycobacterium tuberculosis fusion protein （EC）， and to provide evidence for selecting skin detection methods for tuberculosis infection diagnosis and auxiliary diagnosis of tuberculosis. METHODS The effectiveness and safety of EC compared with purified protein derivative of tuberculin （TB-PPD） were analyzed by the method of systematic review. Cost minimization analysis， cost-effectiveness analysis and cost-utility analysis were used to evaluate the short-term economy of EC compared with TB-PPD， and cost-utility analysis was used to evaluate the long-term economy. The evaluation dimensions of innovation， suitability and accessibility were determined by systematic review and improved Delphi expert consultation， and the comprehensive score of EC and TB-PPD in each dimension were calculated by the weight of each indicator. RESULTS The scores of effectiveness， safety， economy， innovation and suitability of EC were all higher than those of TB-PPD. The affordability scores of the two drugs were consistent， while the availability score of EC was lower than those of TB-PPD. After considering dimensions and index weight， the scores of effectiveness， safety， economy， innovation， suitability， accessibility and the comprehensive score of EC were all higher than those of TB-PPD. CONCLUSIONS Compared with TB-PPD， EC performs better in all dimensions of effectiveness， safety， economy， innovation， suitability and accessibility. However， it is worth noting that EC should further improve its availability in the dimension of accessibility.

Objective:In order to cope with the rising risk pressure on the economic operation of public hospitals,it aims to re-search and construct a comprehensive economic operation evaluation index,and improve the comprehensiveness,scientific and dynamic nature of monitoring and analysis of the economic operation of public hospitals.Methods:Literature research,expert consultation and hierarchical analysis were adopted.Results:A comprehensive evaluation model of public hospitals'economic operation covering 5 dimensions and 25 indexes,including structural optimization,controllable risk,efficiency enhancement,smooth operation and sustain-able development,has been constructed;empirical analyses of the overall index,sub-indexes and monthly indexes have been carried out on the data of some of the tertiary hospitals in Shanghai,which have verified the validity of the above index model in enhancing the monitoring,analysis and evaluation of the hospitals'economic operation,and revealed the role of the above index model in the changes of the economic conditions of the hospitals and the factors.Conclusion:Constructing a comprehensive evaluation index can effectively complement management such as comprehensive assessment and evaluation of public hospitals and traditional financial descriptive analysis.

【Objective】 To investigate the relationship between the expression of PRDX3 （thioredoxin-dependent peroxide reductase）and the occurrence and development of ccRCC （clear cell renal cell carcinoma）. 【Methods】 The expression of PRDX3 was first verified in 16 cases of ccRCC tissues and adjacent normal tissues. In the present study ， according to the PRDX3 over-expression level，we established the stable PRDX3 overexpression cell lines and knockdown cell lines in 786-O cell lines. We detected the growth rate of tumor cells after overexpression and knockdown of PRDX3. Interaction proteins with PRDX3 were searched by anti-flag pull-down test combined with LC- MS/MS technique. The interaction between PRDX3 and PRDX1（peroxiredoxin 1）was preliminarily explored.【Results】The western blot results showed that PRDX3 were down- regulated in 14 out of 16 ccRCC tissue samples about 1.78 times. Stable PRDX3 overexpression and knockdown cell lines and those control group were successfully established［786O- PRDX3（+）and 786O- PRDX3（-），786O- PRDX3 KN and 786O- PRDX3 NCi］. PRDX3 expression in 786O- PRDX3（+）was 2.1 times higher than 786O- PRDX3（-）at mRNA level and 1.8 times at protein level. PRDX3 expression in 786O- PRDX3 KN was 0.48 times lower than 786O-PRDX3 NCi at mRNA level and 0.51 times at protein level. The cell growth rate of 786O-PRDX3 （+）cell lines was significantly lower than that of 786O-PRDX3（-）. Meanwhile ，there was no significant difference in 786O-PRDX3 KN and NCi cell lines. Pull-down results shows that PRDX3 may interact with PRDX1 through disulfide bond and the binding sites of those two proteins were identified respectively.【Conclusion】PRDX3 was down- regulated expression in renal clear cell carcinoma and the interaction with PRDX1 may be involved in the occurrence and development of tumor. Increasing the expression level of PRDX3 can significantly reduce the growth rate of tumor cells. Based on PRDX3 ，it is possible to develop targeted drugs for treating renal clear cell carcinoma.

Objective To establish an animal model of calpastatin ( CAST) transgenic mice by inserting the full hu-man CAST into the genome of C57BL/6J mice.Methods Recombinant transgenic vector pRP .EX3d-EF1A-CAST-IRES-eGFP was constructed by Gateway technology .It was injected into the fertilized eggs from C 57BL/6J mice.The injected eggs were transplanted into the oviduct of pseudopregnant mice .Tail DNA PCR screening was performed to identify the positive founder mice.The expressions of CAST mRNA and protein in tissues of the transgenic mice were detected by RT -PCR and Western blotting.Results Ninty eggs were transplanted into the oviducts of 3 recipients.The transplantation success rate was 100%.23 viable offsprings were born from the recipients .Tail DNA PCR screening showed that two of the offsprings were positive transgenic mice .The positive rate of transgenic mice was 9%.RT-PCR assay revealed that CAST mRNA ex-pressions were present in the heart , liver, kidney, lung, spleen, brain and skeletal muscle of the transgenic mice .Addition-ally, the CAST protein expression was significantly increased in the transgenic mice .Conclusion CAST transgenic mice have been successfully established and provide a good animal model support for further studies on the CAST function .

Objective To explore the effectiveness of dietary treatment in reducing macrosomia risks for pregnancies with borderline gestational glucose intolerance (BGGI).Methods From July 2009 to June 2011,a total of 1046 pregnant women with BGGI were randomized into group A (intervention,n =525) and group B (non-intervention,n =521).Another 521 pregnancies with normal glucose screening were assigned into group C (normal control).Randomization was applied following stratification according to age,body mass index (BMI),prior Cesarean section (C-section) and multiparity,etc.Women in group A underwent the examinations of fasting plasma glucose (FPG),2 h-post prandial glucose and HbA1c once every 2 weeks.Their newborn outcomes were collected for analysis.Results Women of three groups were similar in age,parity,initial BMI and initial FPG.Dietary treatment for group A improved glucose-related indices and women's pregnancy weight gain (P ＜0.0l).Also,in comparison with group B,the intervention of group A reduced risk of macrosomia (9.14％ vs.13.82％,P =0.02),prior C-section rate (43.87％ vs.56.07％,P ＜ 0.01) and postpartum hemorrhage (3.81％ vs.7.10％,P =0.02).However these indices were no better than group C.Dietary treatment did not increase the risk of fetal growth restriction,neonatal hypoglycemia and hyperbilirubinemia.Conclusion As a simple noninvasive therapeutic measure for improved glucose tolerance,BGGI may reduce the risk of risk of macrosomia and prior C-section rate.