Objective To investigate the current situation of Staphylococcus aureus contamination in raw and cooked meat and dairy products in Wuhan, and analyze the enterotoxins production and antimicrobial resistance of isolated bacterial strains. Methods The detection of Staphylococcus aureus was performed according to GB4789.10-2016 National Food Safety Standard. Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin (SE) PCR kit and ELISA were used for SEA-E type detection. Broth dilution and PCR method were used for drug sensitivity test. Results A total of 13 strains of Staphylococcus aureus were isolated from 202 samples, and the isolation rate of Staphylococcus aureus in the raw and cooked meat and dairy products was 6.43%. The detection rate of Staphylococcus aureus was 9.82% (11/112) in raw meat, and 4% (2/50) in cooked meat products. There was no detection in dairy products. Of the 13 isolated strains, 6 strains were found to have enterotoxins, with a toxin production rate of 46.15% (6/13). Among the 6 strains of enterotoxin producing Staphylococcus aureus, 4 strains were classified as type A, C, D, and AB, respectively. The isolated strains were generally resistant to tetracycline and sulfonamide drugs, and the detection rate of resistant genes was more than 60%. The resistance rate to penicillin and erythromycin exceeded 50%, and the dominant resistance spectrum was the detection of 3 strains of single-resistant (PEN) Staphylococcus aureus (25.08%, 3/13), followed by 2 strains of five-fold resistance (PEN-ERY-CLI-SXT-GEN), and double resistance Staphylococcus aureus (PEN-ERY) (15.38%, 2/13). Genetic testing was consistent with phenotypic testing. Conclusion In 2020, there was a certain degree of contamination of Staphylococcus aureus in raw and cooked meat products in Wuhan, with 13 isolated strains and 6 strains producing enterotoxins. It is necessary to remain vigilant about the potential food risks of raw and cooked meat products, and strengthen the supervision of the safety risks of raw and cooked meat products.

Humans ; Diverticulum, Colon/surgery* ; Cholecystectomy/adverse effects* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Objective: To explore the feasibility and application value of intraoperative direct immunohistochemical (IHC) staining in improving the diagnosis accuracy in difficult cases of bronchiolar adenoma (BA). Methods: Nineteen cases with single or multiple pulmonary ground-glass nodules or solid nodules indicated by imaging in Cancer Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences from January to July 2021 and with difficulty in differential diagnosis at frozen HE sections were selected. In the experimental group, direct IHC staining of cytokeratin 5/6 (CK5/6) and p63 was performed on frozen sections to assist the differentiation of BA from in situ/micro-invasive adenocarcinoma/adenocarcinoma/invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma. In the control group, two pathologists performed routine frozen HE section diagnosis on these 19 cases. The diagnostic results of paraffin sections were used as the gold standard. The sensitivity and specificity of BA diagnosis, consistency with paraffin diagnosis and time used for frozen diagnosis were compared between the experimental group and the control group. Results: The basal cells of BA were highlighted by CK5/6 and p63 staining. There were no basal cells in the in situ/microinvasive adenocarcinoma/adenocarcinoma/invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma. In the experimental group, the sensitivity and specificity with aid of direct IHC staining for BA were 100% and 86.7%, respectively, and the Kappa value of frozen and paraffin diagnosis was 0.732, and these were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). The average time consumption in the experimental group (32.4 min) was only 7 min longer than that in the control group (25.4 min). Conclusions: Direct IHC staining can improve the accuracy of BA diagnosis intraoperatively and reduce the risk of misdiagnosis, but require significantly longer time. Thus frozen direct IHC staining should be restricted to cases with difficulty in differentiating benign from malignant diseases, especially when the surgical modalities differ based on the frozen diagnosis.
Humans ; Paraffin ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Adenocarcinoma in Situ ; Adenoma/diagnosis* ; Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous/surgery* ; Frozen Sections/methods*

Objective:To investigate the results of coryoint flap harvested from lower abdominal wall for covering extremely soft tissue circular defects on limbs.Methods:From March 2018 to June 2020, 15 patients who suffered from severe degloved injury were admitted into the Department of Hand Surgery, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University. The injuries were characterised as extreme circular defects on limbs. The dimension of defects ranged from 25.0 cm×9.0 cm to 30.0 cm×18.0 cm. All wounds were taken through emergency debridement and managed by VSD. Using lower abdomen as a donor site, a conjoined flap was dissected when the wound surface became granulating. The perforator vessels of the flaps included vessels of deep inferior epigastric artery(DIEA), superficial inferior epigastric artery(SIEA) and superficial circumflex iliac artery(SCIA). The donor sites were primary closed. Postoperative follow-ups were conducted by the surgeons in the same surgical team at outpatient clinic.Results:Fourteen flaps survived completely without significant complications. Distal necrosis occurred in 1 flap, which healed with a skin graft in the second stage surgery. All flaps were reviewed during the postoperative follow-up that lasted for 18-24(mean 20) months. The aesthetic outcomes were achieved on the recipient site without hairy nor hyper-pigmentation. A concealed linea scare left at the donor sites without hernia and limited function. At the last follow-up, 5 patients were in excellent and 2 in good evaluated by following the Disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand(DASH). With the Lower extremity functional scale(LEFS), 5 patients were in excellent and 3 in good.Conclusion:The simultaneous reconstruction of extremely large soft tissue circular defects on limbs with best possible salvage surgery can be achieved by a conjoined flap. A conjoined flap offers a concealed donor site, easy to design, flexible perforators design and larger size of soft tissue.

Objective:To investigate the curative effects of bi-pedicled deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap in repairing large soft tissue defects in the lower limbs.Methods:A retrospective observational study was conducted. From February 2016 to June 2020, 16 patients with large soft tissue defects in the lower limbs caused by trauma or after tumor/scar resection were admitted to the Department of Hand Surgery of the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, including 9 males and 7 females, aged 25-58 years, with the area of soft tissue defects ranging from 14.0 cm×8.0 cm to 32.0 cm×18.0 cm. Using the abdomen as the donor site, the conjoined abdominal wall flap, i.e., the bi-pedicled DIEP flap (with an area ranging from 15.0 cm×9.0 cm to 32.0 cm×20.0 cm) carrying two sets of the trunk of the deep inferior epigastric artery was designed and resected to repair the wound. The donor site wound was sutured directly. The flap survival and wound healing in the donor and recipient areas were observed after operation. The curative effect was evaluated during the follow-up. At the last follow-up, the American Knee Society score and lower extremity functional scale were used to assess the functions of knee joint and lower limb, respectively.Results:The flaps of 15 patients survived after operation; the flap of one patient had partial infection at the edge after operation but healed after debridement and dressing change. The wounds in the donor and recipient areas of 16 patients all healed well. Follow-up of 16-28 months showed that the recipient area had a good shape and pliable texture, and there was no obvious swollen appearance, hyperpigmentation, or abnormal hair growth; the donor site had linear scar only, with no complications such as abdominal hernia or hyperplastic scar; the functions of knee joint and lower limb were well reconstructed, with no recurrence of tumor. At the last follow-up, among the 4 patients with knee joint injury, 3 cases were excellent and 1 case was good in the evaluation of knee joint function; among the 12 patients with lower limb injury, 9 cases were excellent and 3 cases were good in the evaluation of lower limb function.Conclusions:The donor site of bi-pedicled DIEP flap is concealed with abundant tissue and large area for resection, with which can be used to repair large soft tissue defects in the lower limbs, achieving good short-term results of appearance and function restoration.

Objective:To investigate the results of the superficial circumflex iliac artery(SCIA)-based conjoined flap for covering extremely large lower limb defects.Methods:From February 2017 to June 2019, 15 patients were admitted, who suffered from severe degloved injury for the lower limb, including 9 males and 6 females with a median year of 45 (ranged, 36-67 ) years old. All were taken thorough and radical debridement and covered by the VSD device during the emergency operation. The dimension of defects was ranged from 25.0 cm ×8.0 cm to 50.0 cm ×15.0 cm. Using the lower abdominal wall or side chest wall as the donor site, the conjoined flap was dissected when the wound surface became granulating. The perforator match fashions included bilateral SCIA, and ipsilateral SCIA and thoracodorsal artery(TA). The donor sites were primary closure. The follow-up was accomplished by the same surgeon.Results:Fourteen flaps survived completely without significant complications, and distal necrosis was observed in one longitudinal flap, which was healed with the skin graft in the second stage. All flaps were available for a mean follow-up of 18 (ranged 16-24) months. The aesthetic outcomes were achieved on the recipient site without hairy appearance and hyper-pigmentation. A concealed line scare was left on the donor site, without the hernia and limited function. At the last follow-up, 7 cases were excellent and 1 case was good, evaluated with the LEFS criteria. And 6 cases were excellent and 1 case was good, assessed by the AOFAS criteria.Conclusion:The simultaneous reconstruction of extreme lower limb defects and better salvage treatment could be achieved by the SCIA-based conjoined flap. And as a versatile flap, it was blessed with concealed donor site, various design fashions, and larger dissection size in selected cases.

Objective: To analyze the effects of community-based interventions for diabetic eye diseases in Xinjing community, Shanghai from 2016 to 2018. Methods: Based on the project of "Establishment of Service Model for Comprehensive Prevention and Treatment of Diabetic Eye Diseases in Shanghai", the participants were not suffering diabetic retinopathy (DR) in Xinjing community in 2016 before interventions and received community-based interventions for diabetic eye diseases. The incidence of DR, visual acuity and awareness of DR were used as evaluation indicators to analyze the effects of interventions for diabetic eye diseases in the community. Results: A total of 537 patients were included in this study, the incidence of DR among diabetic patients in Xinjing community was 7.6% after interventions. The duration of diabetes (OR= 1.065) and HbA1c (OR= 1.090) were the risk factors of DR. Before and after the interventions, the patients with monocular low vision and binocular low vision were 27 cases (5.0%), 8 cases (1.5%), 19 cases (3.5%) and 7 cases (1.3%) respectively. After interventions, the awareness on the prevention and treatment of DR increased significantly, and the proportion of regular visits to ophthalmology examination, diet control and physical exercise also increased significantly. Conclusion: Community-based interventions for diabetic eye diseases are helpful to improve the awareness of DR prevention and control, reduce the incidence of DR.
China/epidemiology* ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Diabetic Retinopathy/prevention & control* ; Exercise ; Humans ; Risk Factors

Child ; Consensus ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Respiratory System

Objective （ ） To explore the application value of bone suppression imaging BSI in the diagnosis of occupational （ pneumoconiosis） Methods - pneumoconiosis hereinafter referred to as " " . A total of 330 chest films of high kV digital （ ） radiograph DR of patients with suspected pneumoconiosis were selected by convenient sampling method. BSI is applied to the ， ， ， ， chest films and the differences of small opacity shape small opacity aggregation the number of large opacity lung areas small （ ）， opacity profusion and diagnostic stage of pneumoconiosis were analyzed by simple DR reading DR group simple BSI reading （ ） （ ） Results BSI group and DR and BSI combined reading combined group . There was no significant difference in the distribution of small shadows and the detection rate of small shadows aggregation and large shadows in pneumoconiosis among （ P ） ， the three film reading methods all >0.05 . For the concentration distribution of each lung area there was statistically （P< ）， significant difference between the DR group and the BSI group 0.05 but there was no statistically significant difference ， （ P ） between the DR group and the combined group and between the BSI group and the combined group all >0.05 . The results of ， consistency analysis showed that the DR group and the BSI group and the DR group and the combined group had high （ ， P< consistency in the judgment of small shadow intensity in the lung region both weighted Kappa coefficient were 0.75 all ） 0.01 . There was a high consistency between BSI group and DR group and combined group and DR group in the diagnosis of （ ， ， P< ） ， pneumoconiosis stage weighted Kappa coefficient were 0.77 0.79 all 0.01 . Compared with the DR group the diagnostic ， rate of pneumoconiosis stage Ⅰwas significantly reduced and the diagnostic rate of pneumoconiosis stage Ⅱ was significantly （ P< ） ， increased in the BSI group and the combined group all 0.01 . However there was no significant difference in the diagnosticrate of pneumoconiosis stage Ⅲ >0.05 . Both the BSI reading and DR and BSI combined reading can improve ， the display of pneumoconiosis lesions to varying degrees and therefore can improve the diagnosis of pneumoconiosis. In ， addition the identification and diagnosis of pneumoconiosis lesions in the BSI reading is comparable to that in the combined ， group which has a good application value in the diagnosis of pneumoconiosis.

Objective To investigate the factors for predicting the efficacy of third-generation cephalosporin (3 rd GC) in the treatment of community-acquired spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (CASBP), and to establish and validate an efficacy predictive model for 3 rd GC in the treatment of CASBP. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of the patients with liver cirrhosis and CASBP who received 3 rd GC monotherapy for initial treatment in The Ninth Hospital of Nanchang, and according to their treatment outcome, they were divided into non-response group and response group. The patients hospitalized from 2013 to 2018 were included in the modeling cohort (55 patients the non-response group and 110 in the response group), and those hospitalized from 2019 to 2020 were included in the validation cohort (17 patients in the non-response group and 43 in the response group). In the modeling cohort, the two groups were compared in terms of the indices including general information, underlying diseases, past history, clinical manifestation, and laboratory test results. Univariate analyses (the t -test was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between groups, and the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data between groups; the chi-square test or the Fisher's exact test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups) and a binary Logistic regression analysis were used to identify efficacy predictors, and an efficacy predictive model was established based on the logistic regression equation. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted to perform internal and external validations of the model in the modeling cohort and the validation cohort, respectively. Results The study population had a mean age of 51.6±12.0 years, and male patients accounted for 80.0%; hepatitis B was the main cause of liver cirrhosis (66.7%), and 3 rd GC had an overall response rate of 68.0%. In the modeling cohort, compared with the response group, the non-response group had significantly lower proportion of patients with the first onset of SBP, polymorphonuclear (PMN) count in ascites, and leukocyte count in ascites (all P < 0.05), as well as significantly higher proportion of patients with exposure to broad-spectrum antibiotic and platelet count (both P < 0.05). The Logistic regression analysis showed that the first onset of SBP (odds ratio [ OR ]=0.158, 95% confidence interval [ CI ]: 0.064-0.392, P < 0.001), ascites PMN count ( OR =0.728, 95% CI : 0.530-0.998, P =0.046), exposure to broad-spectrum antibiotic ( OR =9.152, 95% CI : 1.513-55.351, P =0.016), and platelet count ( OR =1.012, 95% CI : 1.006-1.019, P < 0.001) were independent predictive factors for non-response to 3 rd GC. The efficacy predictive model had an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.840, and based on the maximum Youden index, predictive score ≥ 0.207 was the optimal cut-off value for predicting non-response, with a corresponding Youden index of 0.536, a sensitivity of 89.1%, a specificity of 63.6%, a positive predictive value of 55.1%, and a negative predictive value of 92.1%. This model had an AUC of 0.837 in the validation cohort. Conclusion The first onset of SBP and higher ascites PMN count are the protective factors against non-response to 3 rd GC for the treatment of CASBP, and exposure to broad-spectrum antibiotic and higher platelet count are the risk factors for such non-response. The model established for predicting the efficacy of 3 rd GC in the treatment of CASBP has good predictive performance and thus holds promise for clinical application.