Background Asthma poses a serious threat to children's growth, development, and mental health, thus there has been an increasing focus on the control of asthma morbidity in children and the assessment of its risk factors. A growing body of research has found that exposure to ambient air pollutants an significatly increase the risk of childhood asthma. Objective To understand the changes of ambient air pollutant concentrations in Nanjing and asthma outpatient visits to Nanjing Children's Hospital, and to quantitatively analyze the effects of exposure to different ambient air pollutants on children's asthma outpatient visits. Methods Daily data of ambient air pollutants fine particulate matter (PM_2.5), inhalable particle (PM₁₀), sulfur dioxide (SO₂), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), carbon monoxide (CO), ozone (O₃), meteorological factors (air temperature & relative humidity), and outpatient visits due to asthma in the hospital from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2023 were collected, and a generalized additive model based on quasi poisson distributions was used to quantitatively analyze the short-term effects of ambient air pollutant exposure on outpatient visits due to asthma in the hospital. Results The annual average concentrations of PM_2.5, PM₁₀, SO₂, and NO₂ in Nanjing from 2019 to 2023 did not exceed the national limits. For single-day lagged effects, the single-pollutant model showed that the effects of PM_2.5, PM₁₀, NO₂, and CO on children's asthma outpatient visits were greatest for every 10 units increase at lag0, with excess risk (ER) of 1.39% (95%CI: 0.65%, 2.14%), 1.46% (95%CI: 0.97%, 1.95%), 5.46% (95%CI: 4.36%, 6.57%), and 0.18% (95%CI: 0.11%, 0.26%), respectively, and SO₂ reached the maximum effect at lag1, with an ER of 23.15% (95%CI: 13.57%, 33.53%) for each 10 units increase in concentration. Different pollutants reached their maximum cumulative lag effects at different time. The PM₁₀, PM_2.5, SO₂, NO₂, and CO showed the largest cumulative lag effects at lag01, lag01, lag02, lag02, and lag03, respectively, with ERs of 1.35% (95%CI: 0.77%, 1.92%), 0.96% (95%CI: 0.10%, 1.83%), 28.50% (95%CI: 15.49%, 42.98%), 6.92% (95%CI: 5.53%, 8.33%), and 0.31% (95%CI: 0.20%, 0.42%), respectively. The influences of PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ on outpatient visits due to asthma in the hospital became more pronounced with advancing age, while the associations with NO₂, SO₂, and CO were weakened as children grew older. Conclusion Ambient air pollutants (PM_2.5, PM₁₀, SO₂, NO₂, CO) can increase childhood asthma visits, and different pollutants have varied effects on the number of asthmatic children's visits at different ages.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of clinical pathway of emergency respiratory and cardiac arrest on management of patients with sudden respiratory and cardiac arrest. METHODS: The clinical data of patients with sudden respiratory and cardiac arrest admitted to Huashan North Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University from 1 year before to 1 year (started in July 2017) after the implementation of clinical pathway of emergency respiratory and cardiac arrest were retrospectively analyzed. The patients who managed by clinical pathway of emergency respiratory and cardiac arrest (from July 2017 to June 2018) were served as observational group, and those manually managed by 2015 American Heart Association cardiopulmonary resuscitation and cardiovascular emergency guide update and the procession in the management of emergency key diseases (from July 2016 to June 2017) were set as control group. The gender, age, underlying disease, the initiation time of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), the first time of defibrillation, the completion time of endotracheal intubation, the time of venous access, the usage time of the first dose of adrenaline, the usage time of vasoactive drugs, the completion rate of high quality CPR, the success rate of return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) and the table procedure of clinical pathway were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference in gender, age or underlying disease between the two groups. Compared with the control group, the clinical pathway could effectively guide the decision-making of the emergency medical staffs, significantly reduce the variation in the procession of the resuscitation, the first time of defibrillation, the completion time of the deep vein catheterization, the usage time of norepinephrine and the completion time of the blood specimen delivery were significantly shortened [the first time of defibrillation (minutes): 1.28±0.86 vs. 2.93±1.61, the completion time of deep vein catheter (minutes): 15.13±2.73 vs. 17.25±3.02, the usage time of norepinephrine (minutes): 15.43±2.80 vs. 17.88±1.67, the completion time of blood specimen delivery (minutes): 7.81±1.42 vs. 9.00±1.03, all P < 0.05]. There was no statistically significant difference in the initiation time of CPR, the completion time of tracheal intubation, the time of peripheral venous access, the usage time of the first dose of adrenaline or sodium bicarbonate, or the success rate of ROSC between the two groups. However, the usage time of the first dose of adrenaline and sodium bicarbonate was shortened in the observation group [the usage time of the first dose of adrenaline (minutes): 3.81±1.22 vs. 4.00±1.32, the usage time of the first does of sodium bicarbonate (minutes): 8.94±3.49 vs. 11.19±3.54, both P > 0.05], and the success rate of ROSC was relatively increased as compared with those in the control group [15.04% (17/113) vs. 12.50% (12/96), P > 0.05]. CONCLUSIONS The clinical pathway of emergency respiratory and cardiac arrest could effectively guide the clinical decision-making of the emergency medical staffs, significantly reduce the variation in the procession of the resuscitation, improve the quality of the resuscitation, and ensure medical safety of emergency department.
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ; Case-Control Studies ; Critical Pathways ; Electric Countershock ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Female ; Health Services Research ; Heart Arrest/therapy* ; Humans ; Male ; Retrospective Studies

Here, we aimed to study the effect of the forkhead box O1-insulin receptor substrate 2 (FOXO1-IRS2) gene interaction and the FOXO1 and IRS2 genes-environment interaction for the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in a Chinese Han population. We genotyped 7 polymorphism sites of FOXO1 gene and IRS2 gene in 780 unrelated Chinese Han people (474 cases of T2DM, 306 cases of healthy control). The risk of T2DM in individuals with AA genotype for rs7986407 and CC genotype for rs4581585 in FOXO1 gene was 2.092 and 2.57 times higher than that with GG genotype (odds ratio [OR] = 2.092; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.178–3.731; P = 0.011) and TT genotype (OR = 2.571; 95% CI = 1.404–4.695; P = 0.002), respectively. The risk of T2DM in individuals with GG genotype for Gly1057Asp in IRS2 gene was 1.42 times higher than that with AA genotype (OR = 1.422; 95% CI = 1.037–1.949; P = 0.029). The other 4 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) had no significant association with T2DM (P > 0.05). Multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) analysis showed that the interaction between SNPs rs7986407 and rs4325426 in FOXO1 gene and waist was the best model confirmed by interaction analysis, closely associating with T2DM. There was an increased risk for T2DM in the case of non-obesity with genotype combined AA/CC, AA/AC or AG/AA for rs7986407 and rs4325426, and obesity with genotype AA for rs7986407 or AA for rs4325426 (OR = 3.976; 95% CI = 1.156–13.675; P value from sign test [P(sign)] = 0.025; P value from permutation test [P(perm)] = 0.000–0.001). Together, this study indicates an association of FOXO1 and IRS2 gene polymorphisms with T2DM in Chinese Han population, supporting FOXO1-obesity interaction as a key factor for the risk of T2DM.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group* ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2* ; Genotype ; Humans ; Multifactor Dimensionality Reduction ; Obesity ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide

Objective To investigate and compare the prevalence of overweight,obesity and central obesity in 2003 and 2013 in a community in Chongqing,and to analyse their prevalence trends.Methods Surveys were conducted in 2003 and 2013 in the community population,and the investigation included questionnaires,anthropometric measurements,blood glucose and lipid determination.Results The number of participants in 2003 and 2013 were 3 073 and 5 938,respectively.The age standardized prevalence of overweight increased from 44.3％ in 2003 to 45.5％ in 2013 in males and declined from 28.3％ to 26.6％ in females,but there was no statistically significant difference(P=0.407,0.260).The age standardized prevalence of obesity was steady in males (10.0％ vs.10.3％,P＞0.05),but declined significantly in females (8.3％ vs.6.3％,P＜0.05).For central obesity,the age standardized prevalence in 2003 and 2013 was 50.9％,53.9％ in males and 39.6％,35.7％ in females,which increased significantly among males and decreased significantly among females (P=0.042,0.017).Conclusion The prevalence of overweight,general obesity and central obesity is relatively high in the community,and males have a more significant increase in the prevalence of central obesity.

Objective To observe the accuracy of the five-level adult emergency triage system (FLAETS) in determining the severity of critically ill patients,and to analyze the factors that influenced the accuracy of the triage.Methods The triage information of patients admitted to Huashan North Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University between 1 year before and 1 year (started in July 2014) after the implementation of the FLAETS were retrospective analyzed.The patients who triaged by FLAETS (from September 2014 to August 2015) were served as observational group,and those manual triaged by modified early warning score (MEWS,from July 2013 to June 2014) were set as control group.The patients with triage of Ⅰ,Ⅱ,and Ⅲ levels were enrolled (fatal,critical,urgent),and the triage results of emergency physicians-in-chief on duty were set as gold standard.The gender,age,triage level,the proportion of over-triage,the proportion of under-triage,and mortality were compared between two groups.The reasons for the overtriage and under-triage were analyzed.The accuracy of FLAETS in determining severity of critically ill patients was calculated.Results 18449 patients were enrolled in observational group,and 720,1641 and 16088 patients were triaged as level Ⅰ,level ⅡⅡ,level Ⅲ respectively;17 378 patients were triaged as critically ill patients according to gold standard,and level Ⅰ,level Ⅱ,level Ⅲ were 637,1476 and 15 265 patients respectively.6 352 patients were enrolled in control group,and level Ⅰ,level Ⅱ,level Ⅲ were 204,771 and 5 377 patients respectively;6002 patients were triaged as critically ill patients according to gold standard,and level Ⅰ,level Ⅱ,level Ⅲ were 308,836 and 4 858 patients respectively.There were no statistically significant differences in gender and age between two groups (both P ＞ 0.05).Compared with the control group,the proportion of over-triage of level Ⅲ was significantly lowered [8.3％ (1 329/16088) vs.12.5％ (674/5 377),P ＜ 0.01],the proportion of under-triage of level Ⅱ and level Ⅲ was significantly lowered [level Ⅱ:0.6％ (9/1 641) vs.7.0％ (54/771),level Ⅲ:0.4％ (63/16088) vs.4.7％ (254/5 377),both P ＜ 0.01].The success rate of resuscitation in observation group was significantly higher than that of control group [80.70％ (619/767) vs.75.23％ (410/545),P =0.020],and the mortality was significantly lowered [1.11％ (193/17 378) vs.2.35％ (141/6002),P =0.037].Over-triages were mainly found in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD),hypertension and the main complaint of chest tightness,shortness of breath,and under-triages were mainly found in patients with the multiple organ dysfunction in the elder,atypical heart disease and pneumothorax.The accuracy rates of level Ⅰ,level Ⅱ and level Ⅲ in observation group (99.37％,97.42％ and 89.58％) were significantly higher than those of the control group (97.51％,92.54％,and 80.16％,all P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion The FLAETS in determining severity of critically ill patients were objective and reliable,which enable the nurse to better handle the relationship of the emergency and the ordinary,the severe and the mild,the priority and the non-priority,which made the patients received timely and effective treatment.

Objective To test the RET-proto-oncogene in a multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2( MEN2) family for confirming the diagnosis and classification , guiding treatment and prevention , and improving the prog-nosis.Methods There were 2 patients of MEN2 with clinical diagnosis and 1 asymptomatic first-degree relative in the pedigree .PCR and direct gene sequencing of PCR produces were used to scan the entire 21 exons of RET-proto-oncogene in the 3 members of the pedigree and 3 normal controls .Results The 2 patients and 1 asympto-matic first-degree relative in the pedigree all had a mutation of the codon 634 in exon 11.It was a heterozygous missense mutation C634R(TGC → CGC).The 3 normal controls showed no abnormalities .Conclusion The gene test of RET proto-oncogene helps to confirm the diagnosis of the pedigree as MEN 2, which can guide the treatment and help identify one asymptomatic mutation carrier .

Objective To study the association of transcription factor 7-like 2(TCF7L2)polymorphisms with tvpe 2 diabetes mellitus in Chinese Han population. Methods Two polymorphisms (rs7903146 and rs12255372)of TCF7L2 gene were genotyped in 446 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM group)and 303 normal subiects (NC group) by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism(PCR-RFLP).Waist circumference.body mass index,plasma glucose,serum insulin,lipid profiles,high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and non-esterified fatty acid were measured.Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance(HOMA-IR)and β-cell function(HOMA-β)were calculated.Results (1) In T2DM group,T allele frequency and CT,TY geno tvpe frequeneies of rs7903146 were significantly higher than those in NC group(0.093,0.150,0.018 vs 0.043, 0.079,0.003,respectively,a11 P

Objective To investigate the change of serum non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) level in nondiabetic first-degree relatives of type 2 diabetics, and to explore the related factors in the change.MethodsSerum lipid profile, plasma glucose and insulin levels were measured in 186 type 2 diabetic patients, 565 nondiabetic first-degree relatives of type 2 diabetics and 149 normal controls. Results (1) The fasting NEFA level in first-degree relatives was significantly lower than that of type 2 diabetic patients [(0.53±0.28 vs 0.63±0.31) mmol/L,P＜0.01]and HOMA-IR was significantly higher than that of normal controls (0.98±0.51 vs 0.89±0.47,P＜0.01). (2) The fasting NEFA level in the first-degree relatives with higher body mass index (BMI), plasma glucose or area under curve of glucose concentration (AUCglu) was higher than that in those with lower BMI, plasma glucose , blood pressure or AUCglu (all P＜0.05). (3) NEFA showed significantly positive correlations with BMI, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure (DBP), AUCglu in the first-degree relatives by correlative analysis (r=0.12, r=0.148, r=0.21 and r=0.281 respectively, all P＜0.05). Stepwise linear regression analysis showed that DBP, AUCglu and age were the independent risk factors of NEFA (all P＜0.01). Conclusion Insulin resistance exists in nondiabetic first-degree relatives of type 2 diabetics, which seems to be related to elevated NEFA levels.

Objective To explore the variation and influential factors of high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) level in type 2 diabetic family members. Methods A total of 427 type 2 diabetic patients, 377 non-diabetic first-degree relatives of type 2 diabetics and 135 normal control subjects without diabetic family history were recruited. Serum hs-CRP, clinical and biochemical parameters were measured. The relations among indicators were analyzed. Results Compared with normal control subjects, serum hs-CRP levels in type 2 diabetics and first-degree relatives were significantly increased (both P＜0.05), and the increment was even marked in type 2 diabetics than that in first-degree relatives (P＜0.01). The serum hs-CRP levels in type 2 diabetics and first-degree relatives were positively associated with body mass index, waist-hip ratio, abdominal circumference, postgrandial 2 h plasma glucose, fasting and postgrandial 2 h serum insulin, HOMA-IR, triglyceride, creatinine and negatively correlated with high density lipoprotein-cholesterol. In first-degree relatives, serum hs-CRP level was positively associated with systolic blood pressure and HOMA-β. Conclusion As in type 2 diabetic patients, there exists inflammatory reaction in the non-diabetic first-degree relatives of type 2 diabetics, which may play an important role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Serum cortisol levels during oral glucose tolerance test (OGTY) were measured in subjects of type 2 diabetic pedigrees. The results showed that cortisol levels during OGTF were higher in type 2 diabetic patients than those in non-diabetic first-degree relatives and normal controls. Fasting cortisol level was positively correlated with fasting plasma glucose level in type 2 diabetic pedigree members. These results suggest that the dysregulation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis may coexist in type 2 diabetic patients.