OBJECTIVE To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of adebrelimab combined with chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone in the first-line treatment of extensive stage small cell lung cancer from Chinese healthcare system perspective. METHODS Using the data obtained from the CAPSTONE-1 trial(230 cases for adebrelimab group, and 232 cases for chemotherapy group), Markov model was created for simulation of the disease development process of the extensive stage small cell lung cancer. The total costs, quality-adjusted life-years(QALYs) and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio(ICER) in each group were calculated. The sensitivity of key parameters was analyzed. RESULTS Compared with pure chemotherapy(etoposide plus carboplatin chemotherapy), the ICER of adebrelimab combined with chemotherapy was 157128.79 yuan·QALY−1 under the situation of charity assistance, and 351367.27 yuan·QALY −1 in the environment of no charity assistance. Sensitivity analysis showed that the utility and the cost of adebrelimab were the main influence parameter. CONCLUSION Adebrelimab combined with chemotherapy regimen has no cost-effective advantage versus chemotherapy alone in the treatment of extensive stage small cell lung cancer under the current economic level of China; the probability of adebrelimab combined with chemotherapy being cost- effectiveness was 44.5% under the situation of charity assistan.

Objective:To study the life characteristics and related risk factors of patients with depression in Shandong Province.Methods:Based on the 2015 mental epidemiological survey database in Shandong Province,a total of 832 patients with depression,807 high-risk individuals with depression,and 819 low-risk individuals were diagnosed according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,Fourth Edition(DSM-Ⅳ)and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-Ⅳ-TR Axis I Disorders,Research Version(SCID-I/P).In 2020,SCID-I/P was used for re diagnosis,and the General Health Questionnaire(GHQ-12),Simple Quality of Life question-naire,Pittsburgh sleep quality index(PSQI),Childhood Trauma Questionnaire(CTQ),Social Support Rating Scale(SSRS),Global Pain Scale(GPS),Montreal Cognitive Assessment(MoCA),Simplified Coping Style Question-naire(SCSQ)were used for evaluation.Compare changes in the quality of life of depression patients and construct a risk factor model.Results:Patients with depression had lower scores on the simple quality of life questionnaire at baseline and at retest after 5 years than those in the high-and low-risk groups,those in remission of depression had higher scores on the simple quality of life questionnaire at baseline and at retest after 5 years than those in non-re-mission,and those with new-onset disorder in the high-and low-risk groups had lower scores on the simple quality of life questionnaire at baseline and at retest after 5 years than those with no-onset disorder(Ps＜0.001).Depres-sion diagnosis and PSQI scale scores at baseline negatively predicted at retest after 5 years(β=-0.06,-0.15),while coping style tendencies at baseline positively predicted(β=0.06).The simple quality of life questionnaire at baseline negatively predicted depression diagnosis at retest after 5 years,GHQ-12 scores at retest after 5 years,and PSQI scale scores at retest after 5 years(β=-0.11,-0.17,-0.09),while the simple quality of life question-naire at baseline positively predicted coping style tendencies at retest after 5 years(β=0.13).Depression diagnosis at retest after 5 years,GHQ-12 scores at retest after 5 years,PSQI scale scores at retest after 5 years,coping style tendencies at retest after 5 years,SSRS scale scores,CTQ scale scores,GPS scale scores,and the simple quality of life questionnaire at baseline all influenced the simple quality of life questionnaire at retest after 5 years through ei-ther direct or indirect pathways.Conclusion:It suggest that the quality of life is lower in patients with depression than in the general population.Depression diagnosis,sleep,mental health,pain,social support,childhood trauma and coping are direct and indirect risk factors affecting life.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the compatible stability of commonly used intravenous drugs in the intensive care units （ICU）， and to provide a reference for improving medication safety in clinic. METHODS The commonly used intravenous drugs in the ICU of Hebei General Hospital were investigated and confirmed in April 1-30， 2022， and used as keywords to retrieve the relevant literature about compatible stability from PubMed， CNKI， Wanfang Data and other databases， and manually filtered with Micromedex database at the same time. Then， the compatible stability results of the included literature were analyzed descriptively. RESULTS Totally 32 commonly used intravenous drugs and 39 mixed infusion combinations were collected from ICU of this hospital. A total of 40 studies were included， only 2 studies followed all quality requirements； 18 studies validated their methods to guarantee correct reproducibility； 33 studies evaluated physical stability， including precipitate formation and pH changes； 32 studies evaluated chemical compatibility， mainly content/concentration changes. A total of 666 possible two-drug combinations were obtained from the included literature， of which 254 combinations of stability data were available， including 176 were stable， 68 were unstable， and 10 were contradictory. Totally 412 combinations had no stability results. Among two-drug combinations in ICU of this hospital， 42 combinations were stable， 14 combinations were unstable， and 2 combinations were contradictory. CONCLUSIONS The pH， solvent， excipients and preparation concentration are the factors that affect the stability. There are drug combinations with unstable compatibility of commonly used intravenous drugs in ICU of this hospital. The stability study methods are limited， and the stability data cannot meet the actual clinical needs.

The oral cavity of each person is home to hundreds of bacterial species.While taxa for oral diseases have been studied using culture-based characterization as well as amplicon sequencing,metagenomic and genomic information remains scarce compared to the fecal microbiome.Here,using metagenomic shotgun data for 3346 oral metagenomic samples together with 808 published samples,we obtain 56,213 metagenome-assembled genomes(MAGs),and more than 64％of the 3589 species-level genome bins(SGBs)contain no publicly available genomes.The resulting genome collection is representative of samples around the world and contains many genomes from candi-date phyla radiation(CPR)that lack monoculture.Also,it enables the discovery of new taxa such as a genus Candidatus Bgiplasma within the family Acholeplasmataceae.Large-scale metagenomic data from massive samples also allow the assembly of strains from important oral taxa such as Por-phyromonas and Neisseria.The oral microbes encode genes that could potentially metabolize drugs.Apart from these findings,a strongly male-enriched Campylobacter species was identified.Oral sam-ples would be more user-friendly collected than fecal samples and have the potential for disease diagnosis.Thus,these data lay down a genomic framework for future inquiries of the human oral microbiome.

The vagina contains at least a billion microbial cells,dominated by lactobacilli.Here we perform metagenomic shotgun sequencing on cervical and fecal samples from a cohort of 516 Chinese women of reproductive age,as well as cervical,fecal,and salivary samples from a second cohort of 632 women.Factors such as pregnancy history,delivery history,cesarean section,and breastfeeding were all more important than menstrual cycle in shaping the microbiome,and such information would be necessary before trying to interpret differences between vagino-cervical micro-biome data.Greater proportion of Bifidobacterium breve was seen with older age at sexual debut.The relative abundance of lactobacilli especially Lactobacillus crispatus was negatively associated with pregnancy history.Potential markers for lack of menstrual regularity,heavy flow,dysmenor-rhea,and contraceptives were also identified.Lactobacilli were rare during breastfeeding or post-menopause.Other features such as mood fluctuations and facial speckles could potentially be predicted from the vagino-cervical microbiome.Gut and salivary microbiomes,plasma vitamins,metals,amino acids,and hormones showed associations with the vagino-cervical microbiome.Our results offer an unprecedented glimpse into the microbiota of the female reproductive tract and call for international collaborations to better understand its long-term health impact other than in the settings of infection or pre-term birth.

Objective:To explore the death risk factors of extremely severe burn patients, establish a death risk nomogram predicting model, and investigate the predictive value for death risk of extremely severe burn patients.Methods:The medical records of 231 extremely severe burn patients (190 males and 41 females, aged 18-60 years) who were admitted to the Institute of Burn Research of the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University from January 2010 to October 2018 and met the inclusion criteria were analyzed retrospectively. According to the final outcome, the patients were divided into survival group of 173 patients and death group of 58 patients. The sex, age, severity of inhalation injury, total burn area, full-thickness burn area, burn index, rehydration coefficient and urine volume coefficient of the first and second 24 h after injury, the first base excess, shock index, and hematocrit (HCT) after admission, whether to have pre-hospital fluid infusion, use of ventilator, and use of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT), and abbreviated burn severity index (ABSI ) and Baux score on admission of patients in the two groups were recorded or calculated. According to the use of ventilator, the patients were divided into with ventilator group of 131 patients and without ventilator group of 100 patients, and the death, total burn surface area, burn index, incidence and severity of inhalation injury were recorded. According to the use of CRRT, the patients were divided into with CRRT group of 59 patients and without CRRT group of 172 patients, and the death, total burn surface area, and burn index were recorded. Data were statistically analyzed with t test, chi-square test, and Mann-Whitney U test to screen the death related factors of patients. The indexes with statistically significant differences between survival group and death group were included in the multivariate logistic regression analysis to screen the independent death risk factors of patients, and the death risk nomogram predicting model was constructed based on the results.The Bootstrap method was used to validate the death risk nomogram predicting model internally. The predictive value of the nomogram model for predicting death risk of patients was detected by drawing calibration graph and calculating concordance index, and the death risk scores of 231 patients were acquired according to the death risk nomogram model. The receiver′s operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn, and the optimal threshold and the sensitivity and specificity of optimal threshold in the ROC curve and the area under the curve were calculated. Results:(1) There were statistically significant differences in burn index, ABSI on admission, severity of inhalation injury, total burn area, full-thickness burn area, rehydration coefficient at the first 24 h after injury, use of ventilator, use of CRRT, and Baux score on admission of patients between the two groups ( Z=-7.696, -7.031, χ2=18.304, 63.065, 23.300, 13.073, 34.240, 59.586, t=-7.536, P<0.01). (2) There were statistically significant differences in death, incidence and severity of inhalation injury, total burn area, and burn index of patients between with ventilator group and without ventilator group ( χ2=34.240, 17.394, 25.479, Z=-6.557, -7.049, P<0.01). (3) There were statistically significant differences in death, total burn area, and burn index of patients between with CRRT group and without CRRT group ( χ2=62.982, Z= -47.421, -6.678, P<0.01). (4) The use of ventilator, use of CRRT, and burn index were independent risk factors for the death of extremely severe burn patients (odds ratio=3.277, 5.587, 1.067, 95% confidence interval=1.073-10.008, 2.384-13.093, 1.038-1.096, P<0.05 or P<0.01). (5) The initial concordance index of nomogram predicting model was 0.90 and the corrected concordance index was 0.89. The concordance indexes before and after correction were higher and similar, which showed that the nomogram had good concordance and predictive effect. The optimum threshold of ROC curve was 0.23, the sensitivity and specificity of optimum threshold were 86.0% and 80.0%, respectively, and the area under ROC curve was 0.90 (95% confidence interval=0.86-0.94, P<0.01). Conclusions:Severe burns and damage and/or failure of organ are the main death causes of extremely severe burn patients. The death risk nomogram predicting model established on the basis of use of ventilator, use of CRRT, and burn index have good predictive ability for death of extremely severe burn patients.

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of miR-455-5p in epithelial ovarian cancer and its effect on the development of epithelial ovarian cancer. Methods The miRNA expression data of normal ovarian epithelial tis-sues and epithelial ovarian cancer tissues GSE83693 were downloaded from the GEO database. Differential expression analysis was used to obtain differential expression data of miRNAs in epithelial ovarian cancer. The expression of miR-455 -5p was analyzed whether there is difference expression between normal ovarian epithelium and epithelial ovary cancer tissues; qRT-PCR was used to verify the differential expression prediction results; bio-informatics software was used to analyze the KEGG pathway enrichment and GO gene function annotation of miR-455-5p target genes,and to explore the disorders of dyregulated miR-455-5p in the devel-opment of epithelial ovarian cancer. Results A total of 101 cases of differentially expressed miRNAs were screened,34 cases were up-regulated and 67 cases were down-regulated. Among them,miR-455-5p was down-regulated significantly(P<0. 01),and the different fulds were -2. 9019. The results of qRT-PCR showed that the expression of miR-455-5p in epithelial ovarian cancer cells(SKOV-3,OVCAR-3 and A2780)was significantly lower than that in normal ovarian epithelial cells(IOSE-80),and the dif-ferential expression was statistically significant(P<0. 05). The results of KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that miR-455-5p regulated target genes mainly involved in five pathways,including TGF-β signaling pathway,Hippo signaling pathway,ECM-receptor interaction,transcriptional dysregulation pathway in cancer,and chronic granule cellular leukemia,which were associated with tumors. GO functional annotation analysis showed that the target genes regulated by miR-455-5p in the above pathway was mainly involved in protein phosphorylation,promoted cell proliferation and migration,inhibited apoptosis,promoted epithelial-mesenchymal transition,regulated transcription and regulated cell cycle,etc. ,which associated with tumorigenesis. Conclusion The expression of miR-455-5p is down-regulated in epithelial ovarian cancer. The miR-455-5p target genes are involved in the pathogenesis and function of epithelial ovarian cancer,and are associated with the development of epithelial ovarian cancer.

Objective To analyze the risk factors of cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) in acute cerebral infarction patients. Methods We consecutively included 255 acute cerebral infarction patients who were admitted in Neurology Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University from January 2014 to December 2016. According to the number and location of CMBs, the patients were divided into infratentorial, cortical and deep cerebral groups, each of which included non-mild and moderate-severe subgroups. The differences of the level of glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and some common arteriosclerotic risk factors were analyzed between subgroups, and the multiple logistic regression analysis was performed. Results A total of 140 subjects (54.9%) had CMBs. In the infratentorial group, the proportion of patients who were with low eGFR level in the moderate-severe CMBs subgroup was higher than in the non-mild CMBs subgroup (P=0.024). The low eGFR level (OR=3.874, 95% CI:1.261～11.901, P=0.018) and the long duration of hypertension (OR=2.128, 95%CI: 1.004～4.510, P=0.018) were the independent risk factors of the moderate-severe infratentorial CMBs. Conclusion The low eGFR level and long duration of hypertension are risk factors for the moderate and severe infratentorial CMBs after acute ischemic stroke.

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of microRNA-150(miR-150)in human epi-thelial ovarian cancer cells and its effect on proliferation,apoptosis,invasion and metastasis of human epithelial ovarian cancer cells. Methods The expression level of miR-150 in cells from each treatment group was detected by Real-Time PCR(qRT-PCR);effects of proliferation,apoptosis,invasion and metastasis of epithelial ovarian cancer cells was investigated by MTT,flow cytometry, and transwell assays. Results Compared with normal ovarian epithelial cells(T29),the expression of miR-150 was significantly de-creased in epithelial ovarian cancer cells(A2780 and OVCAR3)(P<0. 01); After transfection miR-150 mimic,the expression of miR-150 in A2780 and OVCAR3 cells was significantly increased(P<0. 01);After 3 d of transfection,the OD values of the miR-150mimicgroup(A2780:1.12±0.03;OVCAR3:1.91±0.03)werelowerthanthatintheblankgroup(A2780:2.35±0.09;OVCAR3:2.63 ±0.07)and the miR-150 NC group(A2780:2.18 ±0.07;OVCAR3:2.43 ±0.11)(P<0.01);The apoptotic rate in the miR-150 mimic group(A2780:16. 10 ± 0. 58% ;OVCAR3:15. 16 ± 1. 30% ) were significantly increased when compared to the blank group(A2780:10. 07 ± 0. 66%;OVCAR3:3. 81 ± 0. 24%) and the miR -150 NC group(A2780:10. 36 ± 1. 08%;OVCAR3:4.89 ±0.07%)(P<0.01);The number of transmembrane cells in the miR-150 mimic group(A2780:38.67 ±2.03;OVCAR3:28. 67 ± 2. 03)was higher than that in the blank group(A2780:76. 30 ± 7. 45;OVCAR3:55. 67 ± 3. 18)and the miR-150 NC group(A2780:74. 33 ± 5. 78;OVCAR3:56. 33 ± 3. 84)(P<0. 01). Conclusion The decreased expression of miR-150 in epi-thelial cancer cells may be one of the mechanisms of proliferation,invasion and metastasis of epithelial ovarian cancer. Up-regulation of miR-150 may inhibit the proliferation of epithelial ovarian cancer cells and promote apoptosis to reduce the abilities of invasion and metastasis in epithelial ovarian cancer cells.

Objective To investigate the clinical application value of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets expression levels in autoimmune disease(AID) among the patients with antinuclear antibody(ANA) positive .Methods 200 patients with ANA positive and 196 patients with ANA negative were selected as the experimental group and control group respectively .The experimental group adopted indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and immunoblotting assay(LIA) for detecting ANA ,moreover divided into the IFA group and LIA group according to the detection results .Meanwhile the flow cytometry was adopted to detect peripheral blood T lymphocytes ,helper T lymphocytes ,cytotoxic T lymphocyte ,NK lymphocytes and B lymphocytes absolute values of each group .The detection results were statistically analyzed .Results Helper T lymphocytes ,NK lymphocytes and B lymphocytes absolute values in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group ,the differences were statistically significant(P＜0 .01);in the experimental group ,helper T lymphocytes and NK lymphocytes absolute values in the IIF group were significantly lower than those in the LIA group ,the differences were statistically significant (P＜0 .01) .Conclusion Peripheral blood lymphocytes subsets can serve as the important detection indicators during the diagnosis and treatment process of AID .