ObjectiveTo study the changing law of appearance color and physicochemical properties of Angelicae Sinensis Radix Carbonisata（ASRC） during the processing by color space method combined with statistical analysis， so as to provide reference for determining the processing endpoint and evaluating the quality of the decoction pieces. MethodsTaking processing time（4， 8， 12， 16 min） and temperature（180， 200， 220， 240 ℃） as factors， ASRC decoction pieces with different processing degrees were prepared in a completely randomized design. Then， the brightness value（L^*）， red-green value（a^*）， yellow-blue value（b^*）， and total chromaticity value （E^*ab） of the decoction pieces were determined by spectrophotometer， the color difference value（ΔE） was calculated， and the data of colorimetric values were analyzed by discriminant analysis. At the same time， the pH， charcoal adsorption， and contents of tannins， 5-hydroxymethylfurfural（5-HMF）， tryptophan， chlorogenic acid， ferulic acid， senkyunolide I， senkyunolide H and ligustilide of ASRC with different processing degrees were determined by pH meter， ultraviolet and visible spectrophotometry and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography（UPLC）. Principal component analysis（PCA） was used to analyze the data of physicochemical indexes， after determining the processing technology of ASRC， the canonical discriminant function was established to distinguish the decoction pieces with different processing degrees， and leave-one-out cross validation was conducted. Finally， Pearson correlation analysis was used to explore the correlation between various physicochemical indexes and chromaticity values. ResultsWith the prolongation of the processing time， L^*， a^*， b^* and E^*ab all showed a decreasing trend， and the established discriminant model based on color parameters was able to distinguish ASRC with different processing degrees. The pH showed an increasing trend with the prolongation of processing time， and the charcoal adsorption， and the contents of tannins， 5-HMF， and tryptophan all showed an increasing and then decreasing trend. Among them， the charcoal adsorption， contents of tannin and 5-HMF reached their maximum values successively after processing for 8-12 min. While the contents of chlorogenic acid， ferulic acid， senkyunolide I， senkyunolide H and ligustilide decreased with the increase of processing time， with a decrease of 60%-80% at 8 min of processing. Therefore， the optimal processing time should be determined to be 8-12 min. PCA could clearly distinguish ASRC with different processing degrees， while temperature had no significant effect on the processing degree. The 12 batches of process validation results（10 min， 180-240 ℃） showed that except for 3 batches identified as class Ⅱ light charcoal， all other batches were identified as class Ⅲ standard charcoal， and the chromaticity values of each batch of ASRC were within the reference range of class Ⅱ-Ⅲ sample chromaticity values. The correlation analysis showed that the chromaticity values were negatively correlated with pH and charcoal adsorption， and positively correlated with contents of tryptophan， chlorogenic acid， ferulic acid， senkyunolide I， senkyunolide H， and ligustilide. And both pH and charcoal adsorption were negatively correlated with the contents of the above components， but the charcoal adsorption was positively correlated with the content of 5-HMF. ConclusionThe chromaticity values and the contents of various physicochemical indicators of ASRC undergo significant changes with the prolongation of processing time， and there is a general correlation between chromaticity values and various physicochemical indicators. Based on the changes in color and physicochemical indicators， the optimal processing time for ASRC is determined to be 8-12 min. This study reveals the dynamic changes of the relevant indexes in the processing of ASRC， which can provide a reference for the discrimination of the processing degree and the quantitative study of the processing endpoint.

Objective:To investigate the incidence and prothrombotic risk factors of postoperative venous thromboembolism(VTE) in Cushing′s disease and to further develop an assessment model to identify those at high risk of postoperative VTE events.Methods:A retrospective study was performed in 82 patients who were admitted to Huashan Hospital, Fudan University during January 2019 and January 2020 and diagnosed with Cushing′s disease. These patients underwent the evaluation about their clinical, hormonal, and coagulation parameters, as well as ultrasonography and pulmonary angio-CT when necessary. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(LASSO) regression analysis was used to screen independent risk factors, and a nomogram model for postsurgical VTE risk assessment in Cushing′s disease was initially established, and Bootstrap method was used for internal verification. Finally, the predictive model was evaluated for calibration and clinical applicability in the study cohort.Results:Nineteen patients(23.17%) developed VTE events, with 14 cases occurring after endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery. Compared to patients without VTE, those in the VTE group were older( P<0.001), had longer postoperative bed rest, higher rates of current infection, higher HbA 1C levels, and more severe glucose tolerance impairment(all P<0.05). Through LASSO regression analysis, two independent risk factors for postoperative VTE were identified: Age and current infection. Then a VTE risk assessment nomogram model was established to predict the patients at high risk of VTE. In the nomogram model for VTE risk assessment, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.868(95% CI 0.787-0.949), with the calibration curve closely aligning with the ideal diagonal line and the clinical decision curve exceeding the two extreme curves. Conclusions:Advanced perioperative assessment needs to be taken to screen those with high VTE risks in patients diagnosed with Cushing′s disease. Additionally, during the perioperative period, patients with Cushing′s disease should undergo mandatory physical activity or prophylactic anticoagulant therapy.

We present a case of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus secondary to primary Sj?gren′s syndrome. At onset, the patient exhibited a urine output of up to 10 liter per day. Diagnostic evaluation and clinical features confirmed renal diabetes insipidus due to primary Sj?gren′s syndrome. A review of the literature indicates that primary Sj?gren′s syndrome can involve renal manifestations, including renal tubulointerstitial inflammation and impaired renal concentration ability. However, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus with such high urine output is uncommon. Management of this condition requires proactive control of the underlying disease, potassium supplementation, and urine management.

Traumatic cerebrospinal fluid leakage commonly presents in traumatic brain injury patients, and it may lead to complications such as meningitis, ventriculitis, brain abscess, subdural hematoma or tension pneumocephalus. When misdiagnosed or inappropriately treated, traumatic cerebrospinal fluid leakage may result in severe complications and may be life-threatening. Some traumatic cerebrospinal fluid leakage has concealed manifestations and is prone to misdiagnosis. Due to different sites and mechanisms of trauma and degree of cerebrospinal fluid leak, treatments for traumatic cerebrospinal fluid leakage varies greatly. Hence, the Craniocerebral Trauma Professional Group of Neurosurgery Branch of Chinese Medical Association and the Neurological Injury Professional Group of Trauma Branch of Chinese Medical Association organized relevant experts to formulate the " Chinese expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of traumatic cerebrospinal fluid leakage in adults ( version 2023)" based on existing clinical evidence and experience. The consensus consisted of 16 recommendations, covering the leakage diagnosis, localization, treatments, and intracranial infection prevention, so as to standardize the diagnosis and treatment of traumatic cerebrospinal fluid leakage and improve the overall prognosis of the patients.

【Objective】 To explore the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients with Stauffer syndrome. 【Methods】 The clinicopathological and follow-up data of 17 RCC patients with Stauffer syndrome who underwent operation during Sep.2014 and Aug.2019 were retrospectively analyzed. The survival was analyzed with Kaplan-Meier curve and log-rank, and related factors affecting the prognosis were determined with univariate and multivariate Cox regression model. 【Results】 The pathological results included clear cell RCC in 14 cases, papillary RCC in 2 cases, and poorly differentiated tissue in 1 case. The liver function recovered within 3 months after operation in 5 cases, within 6 months in 3 cases, within 1 year in 4 cases, and did not recover in 3 cases. During the follow up of 6 to 72 (average 54.1) months, the 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates were 88.2% (15/17), 76.5% (13/17) and 52.9% (9/17), respectively. Survival analysis showed that the cancer-specific survival (CSS) of RCC patients with Stauffer syndrome was low, and tumor size, AJCC stage, lymph node metastasis and Stauffer syndrome were predictors of poor prognosis. 【Conclusion】 The prognosis of RCC patients with Stauffer syndrome is poor, and early surgical intervention should be conducted. The liver function of most patients can return to normal gradually after surgery. Continuous examination of liver function has significant meaning for tumor recurrence, metastasis and prognosis.

Objective:To determine a simpler and more practical scoring standard for predicting mucosal histological healing in ulcerative colitis (UC).Methods:From April 11, 2017 to February 8, 2021, 68 UC patients diagnosed with mucosal healing under endoscopy and hospitalized at Department of Gastroenterology, the Tenth People′s Hospital of Tongji University and during the same period 60 healthy individuals who underwent endoscopy for health checkup were retrospectively analyzed. Modified Mayo score and ulcerative colitis endoscopic index of severity (UCEIS), the modified Nancy index and Robarts histopathology index were determined based on the collected clinical data, endoscopic reports and histopathological evaluation. The proportions of neutrophils, eosinophils, and plasma cells in the colonic mucosal lamina propria were calculated. The proportions of activated neutrophils and T cells in the colonic mucosal lamina were calculated according to CD177 and CD40L, respectively. The new clinical and laboratory diagnostic formulas were determined by multivariate logistic regression analysis, the effectiveness of the equations was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC).Results:Among the 68 patients with UC, the modified Mayo score was 0.7 (0.4, 1.1), the UCEIS was 0.5 (0.3, 0.8), the Nancy index was 5.9±3.2, and the Robarts histopathology index was 2.6±1.7. According to multivariate logistic regression analysis, the formula for clinical diagnosis of histological healing was Y1=-21.09+ 355.9 X1+ 305.8 X2+ 44.91 X3 ( X1, X2 and X3 were the proportions of neutrophils, eosinophils, and plasma cells, respectively). The results of ROC analysis indicated that Y1<-0.747 was the cut-off value of diagnosis of histological healing, and the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.986 and 95% confidence interval ( CI) was 0.922 to 1.000 ( P<0.001), the sensitivity was 97.10% and the specificity was 91.20%. The formula of laboratory diagnosis of histological healing was Y2=-10.57+ 469.1 X1 + 132.7 X2 + 101.2 X3 + 18.56 X4 ( X1, X2, X3, and X4 were the proportions of CD177 + neutrophils, eosinophils, CD40L + T cells and plasma cells, respectively). The results of ROC analysis indicated that Y2<1.960 was the cut-off value of diagnosis of histological healing, and the AUC was 0.980, 95% CI was 0.913 to 0.999 ( P<0.001), the sensitivity was 84.78%, and the specificity was 100.00%. The new clinical and laboratory diagnostic criteria were positively correlated with the Nancy histological index ( r=0.411 and 0.308, P=0.001 and 0.011), and Robarts histopathology index ( r=0.311, 0.273, P=0.010 and 0.024). Conclusions:Compared with the Nancy index, the new clinical and laboratory diagnostic criteria are simpler and more practical. The new clinical diagnostic formula Y1<-0.747 and the new laboratory diagnosis formula Y2<1.960 are the independent factors for predicting histological healing in UC patients.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the pharmacological components and mechanism of Qingre huoxue decoction in improving myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury（MIRI）. METHODS Forty-two rats were randomly divided into sham operation group （normal saline）， model group （normal saline）， Qingre huoxue decoction low-dose， medium-dose and high-dose groups （4.94， 9.88， 19.79 g/kg），Qingre huoxue decoction drug-containing serum group （19.79 g/kg） and blank serum group （normal saline）， with 6 rats in each group. Each group was given corresponding drug/normal saline intragastrically， once a day， for consecutive 2 weeks. Twelve hours after last administration， except for serum groups， MIRI model was induced in other groups （only threading without ligation in sham operation group）. After modeling， cardiac histopathology was observed and apoptosis level was detected. UPLC-MS was used to analyze the samples in Qingre huoxue decoction drug-containing serum group and blank serum group. The main pharmacological components were screened with the help of relevant databases. Multivariate statistical methods were used to analyze the differential metabolites and related metabolic pathways. Validation test was performed based on oxidative stress indicators. RESULTS Qingre huoxue decoction could improve the pathological injury of cardiac tissue and decrease apoptosis rate of cardiac cells in MIRI model rats （P＜0.05）. Qingre huoxue decoction drug-containing serum contained 20 main pharmacological components such as baicalin， succinic acid， baicalein， cryptotanshinone， isoferulic acid， protocatechuic aldehyde. Qingre huoxue decoction could significantly up-regulate the levels of 15 metabolites including L-arginine， L-arginine， citric acid， glutathione， β-D- glucose and L-carnitine， and down-regulated the levels of 14 metabolites including arachidonic acid， 3-phosphate-d-glycerol phosphate， linoleic acid， docosahexaenoic acid， phosphatidylcholine and lysophosphatidylcholine （P＜0.05）. These metabolites were mainly involved in energy metabolism， inflammatory injury， oxidative stress and autophagy. Results of validation tests showed that Qingre huoxue decoction could significantly reduce the levels of malondialdehyde， and increased the levels of superoxide dismutase （except for low-dose group） and glutathione peroxidase significantly （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS Qingre huoxue decoction can improve the injury of cardiac tissue in MIRI model rats. Its pharmacological components include baicalin， cryptotanshinone， isoferulic acid， protocatechualdehyde， etc. Furthermore， it may play a protective role in MIRI by improving myocardial energy metabolism， down-regulating oxidative stress， inhibiting inflammation infiltration.

Background::As a non-invasive and effective diagnostic method for small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO), wild-use of breath test (BT) has demonstrated a high comorbidity rate in patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) and SIBO. Patients overlapping with SIBO respond better to rifaximin therapy than those with IBS-D only. Gut microbiota plays a critical role in both of these two diseases. We aimed to determine the microbial difference between IBS-D overlapping with/without SIBO, and to study the underlying mechanism of its sensitivity to rifaximin.Methods::Patients with IBS-D were categorized as BT-negative (IBSN) and BT-positive (IBSP). Healthy volunteers (BT-negative) were enrolled as healthy control. The patients were clinically evaluated before and after rifaximin treatment (0.4 g bid, 4 weeks). Blood, intestine, and stool samples were collected for cytokine assessment and gut microbial analyses.Results::Clinical complaints and microbial abundance were significantly higher in IBSP than in IBSN. In contrast, severe systemic inflammation and more active bacterial invasion function that were associated with enrichment of opportunistic pathogens were seen in IBSN. The symptoms of IBSP patients were relieved in different degrees after therapy, but the symptoms of IBSN rarely changed. We also found that the presence of IBSN-enriched genera ( Enterobacter and Enterococcus) are unaffected by rifaximin therapy. Conclusions::IBS-D patients overlapping with SIBO showed noticeably different fecal microbial composition and function compared with IBS-D only. The better response to rifaximin in those comorbid patients might associate with their different gut microbiota, which suggests that BT is necessary before IBS-D diagnosis and use of rifaximin.Registration::Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR1800017911.

Objective To explore the association between lipid profiles and left ventricular hypertrophy in a Chinese general population. Methods We conducted a retrospective observational study to investigate the relationship between lipid markers [including triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, non-HDL-cholesterol, apolipoprotein A-I, apolipoprotein B, lipoprotein[a], and composite lipid profiles] and left ventricular hypertrophy. A total of 309,400 participants of two populations (one from Beijing and another from nationwide) who underwent physical examinations at different health management centers between 2009 and 2018 in China were included in the cross-sectional study. 7,475 participants who had multiple physical examinations and initially did not have left ventricular hypertrophy constituted a longitudinal cohort to analyze the association between lipid markers and the new-onset of left ventricular hypertrophy. Left ventricular hypertrophy was measured by echocardiography and defined as an end-diastolic thickness of the interventricular septum or left ventricle posterior wall > 11 mm. The Logistic regression model was used in the cross-sectional study. Cox model and Cox model with restricted cubic splines were used in the longitudinal cohort. Results In the cross-sectional study, for participants in the highest tertile of each lipid marker compared to the respective lowest, triglycerides [odds ratio (OR): 1.250, 95％CI: 1.060 to 1.474], HDL-cholesterol (OR: 0.780, 95％CI: 0.662 to 0.918), and lipoprotein(a) (OR: 1.311, 95％CI: 1.115 to 1.541) had an association with left ventricular hypertrophy. In the longitudinal cohort, for participants in the highest tertile of each lipid marker at the baseline compared to the respective lowest, triglycerides [hazard ratio (HR): 3.277, 95％CI: 1.720 to 6.244], HDL-cholesterol (HR: 0.516, 95％CI: 0.283 to 0.940), non-HDL-cholesterol (HR: 2.309, 95％CI: 1.296 to 4.112), apolipoprotein B (HR: 2.244, 95％CI: 1.251 to 4.032) showed an association with new-onset left ventricular hypertrophy. In the Cox model with forward stepwise selection, triglycerides were the only lipid markers entered into the final model. Conclusion Lipids levels, especially triglycerides, are associated with left ventricular hypertrophy. Controlling triglycerides level potentiate to be a strategy in harnessing cardiac remodeling but deserve to be further investigated.

Objective:To explore the application value of non-invasive pressure-strain loop (PSL) in evaluating left ventricular systolic function of young strength athletes with different heart rates.Methods:Thirty-five young wrestlers were collected randomly and divided into 2 groups according to the heart rate: group 1 (heart rate of 40-59 beats/min, n=20) and group 2 (heart rate of 60-80 beats/min, n=15). Thirty healthy young males were selected as the control group at the same period. Non-invasive PSL was used to obtain left ventricular global longitudinal strain (GLS), longitudinal peak strain dispersion (PSD), global myocardial work index (GWI), global constructive myocardial work (GCW), global wasted myocardial work (GWW) and global myocardial work efficiency (GWE) in three groups, and the differences between them were measured. Results:Compared with the control group, GWE in the athlete group 1 and 2 reduced, PSD, GWW were increased, and GWI, GCW in the athlete group 1 were decreased, and all differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). Compared with the athlete group 1, PSD, GWI, GCW, GWW in the athlete group 2 increased and GWE was reduced (all P<0.05). Conclusions:PSL can quantitatively evaluate the left ventricular myocardial work of young strength athletes with different heart rates, and then assess the effect of heart rates on the left ventricular systolic function of athletes.