Diabetes is a common chronic non-infectious disease. Diabetic patients not only suffer from metabolic disorders, but are also prone to immune deficiencies and are at a higher risk of being infected with human papillomavirus (HPV). Many studies at home and abroad have shown that the HPV infection rate of patients with diabetes is higher than that of non-diabetic patients. Patients with diabetes can benefit from HPV vaccination, and the tolerance is good. HPV vaccination is recommended for diabetic patients. This article reviews the research on diabetes, HPV infection, and HPV vaccine, which will provide references for HPV vaccination in diabetic patients.

[摘 要] 目的：研究芳香烃受体（AHR）在乳腺癌中的表达及其对乳腺癌细胞增殖、凋亡和药物敏感性的调控机制。方法：通过GEPIA数据库数据分析乳腺癌组织及癌旁组织中AHR的表达水平，探讨其与患者生存期的关联。利用基因敲低和过表达技术构建AHR表达变化的乳腺癌细胞，采用CCK-8实验、细胞计数和流式细胞分析等方法评估AHR对细胞增殖、凋亡和药物敏感性的影响，通过免疫印迹法验证相关分子机制。此外，利用AHR激动剂6-甲酰基吲哚并[3,2-B]咔唑（FICZ）研究外源性激活AHR对乳腺癌细胞多柔比星（DOX）敏感性的影响。结果：GEPIA数据库数据分析结果显示，乳腺癌组织中AHR呈明显低表达（P < 0.05）；对155例乳腺癌患者的生存期进行统计分析也显示AHR低表达与不良预后呈正相关（P < 0.05）。敲低AHR促进细胞增殖（P < 0.05），过表达则能抑制其增殖（P < 0.05）并促进其凋亡（P < 0.05）。外源激活AHR能增强乳腺癌细胞对DOX的敏感性（P < 0.05）。AHR可与MYC基因启动子结合，抑制MYC表达（P < 0.05），从而影响乳腺癌的进展。结论：AHR在乳腺癌中通过调控MYC表达影响细胞增殖和凋亡，外源激活AHR可能成为提高乳腺癌细胞对DOX敏感性的治疗策略。

Objective To assess the value of 18 F-FDG PET/CT, contrast-enhanced ultrasound, and their combination in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant pancreatic lesions. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on patients with pancreatic lesions who underwent 18 F-FDG PET/CT and contrast-enhanced ultrasound who were admitted to Tangshan Gongren Hospital from January 2015 to December 2020. The imaging results were confirmed by pathology examination to evaluate diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive and negative predictive value. The t -test was used for comparison of continuous data between two groups, and the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups. Results There were 83 malignant lesions and 25 benign lesions in 108 patients. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive and negative predictive value were 86.75%, 80.00%, 85.19%, 93.51% and 64.52% for 18 F-FDG PET/CT; and 69.88%, 76.00%, 71.30%, 90.63% and 43.18% for contrast-enhanced ultrasound, respectively. The two methods differed significantly in sensitivity and accuracy (all P < 0.05), but not in specificity, negative and positive predictive value (all P > 0.05). When combined with the contrast-enhanced ultrasound, 18 F-FDG PET/CT had an increased sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive and negative predictive value of 90.36%, 84.00%, 88.89%, 94.94% and 72.41%, respectively, though this was not statistically significant due to the increased signal of blood supply in the lesions. Conclusion 18 F-FDG PET/CT has a better performance than contrast-enhanced ultrasound in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant pancreatic lesions, and their combination can improve the diagnostic value.

This paper reviews the status quo of recent years’ research on autophagy and damage of chondrocytes in Kashin-Beck disease （KBD） and osteoarthritis （OA）. PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and mTOR regulate the autophagy activity of chondrocytes. PI3K/AKT signaling pathway can promote the proliferation of chondrocytes and cause their damage by inhibiting their autophagy activity. This might play an important role in the occurrence and progression of bone and joint diseases such as KBD and OA， and provide scientific basis for revealing the pathogenesis and treatment plan of them.

Objective : To investigate whether NaHS，a hydrogen sulfide donor，can improve myocardial injury in sepsis by inhibiting oxidative stress and activating the Xc －/ GPX4 signaling pathway in ferroptosis． Methods : Lipopolysacc-haride(LPS) induced H9c2 in rat cardiomyocytes to form an in vitro model of myocardial injury in sep- sis，which was divided into Control group，LPS group and LPS + NaHS group．The kits were applied to detect the changes of cardiomyocyte viability，Fe2 + ，LDH and CK-MB，determine the levels of oxidative stress indexes GSH and MDA，detect the changes of cellular ROS and mitochondrial membrane potential levels by fluorescent probes， and detect the expression levels of ferroptosis regulatory proteins SLC7A11 and GPX4 by Western blot. Results: Compared with the Control group，H9c2 cell viability decreased，Fe2 + concentration increased ，GSH ，MDA and ROS levels increased，mitochondrial JC-1 monomer increased ，expression levels of ferroptosis regulatory proteins SLC7A11 and GPX4 decreased，and cell damage increased after LPS stimulation (P＜0. 05) ．Compared with the LPS group，NaHS attenuated LPS-induced H9c2 cell injury and elevated Fe2 + concentration，decreased the level of LPS-induced oxidative stress in H9c2 cells ，and increased the expression levels of ferroptosis regulatory proteins SLC7A11 and GPX4 (P＜0. 05 ) ． Conclusion The mechanism by which NaHS attenuates myocardial injury in sepsis may be related to the inhibition of oxidative stress and activation of the Xc －/ GPX4 signaling pathway in fer- roptosis.

Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a sulfurated glycosaminoglycan, a major component of the extracellular matrix, widely distributed in skin, cartilage and vascular tissue. CS plays an important role in the physiological state regulation of articular cartilage, which affects tensile strength and elasticity of tissues by influencing aggrecan. Previous studies have shown that CS sulfate modification may be related to the growth and development disorders of cartilage tissue and the occurrence of osteoarticular diseases. At the same time, CS is also a common joint supplement, often used in the treatment of osteoarthritis and Kashin-Beck disease. In this paper, the research progress of CS sulfate modification characteristics in Kashin-Beck disease and osteoarthritis and the application of the preparation in the treatment of Kashin-Beck disease and osteoarthritis are reviewed, aiming to provide help for the investigation of the etiology of Kashin-Beck disease and the treatment of osteoarthritis and Kashin-Beck disease.

OBJECTIVE： To study the chemical constituents of ethanol extract from Yao medicine Cissampelopsis spelaeicola. METHODS： The petroleum ether， ethyl acetate and n-butanol fraction from 75％ ethanol extract of C. spelaeicola were isolated and purified by silica gel， SephadexLH-20 gel column and AB-8 macroporous resin column， etc. The structures of the compounds were analyzed and identified by physicochemical properties and spectral data （mass spectrometry， hydrogen spectrum， carbon spectrum）. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS： Twelve compounds were isolated and identified from 75％ ethanol extract of C. spelaeicola. β-sitosterol（Ⅰ） and Stigmasterol（Ⅱ） were isolated from petroleum ether fraction； p-hydroxybenzoic acid（Ⅲ）， β-daucossterol（Ⅳ）， protocatechuic acid（Ⅴ）， 6β-hydroxyeremophi-7（11）-en-12，8β-olide（Ⅵ）， 10β-hydroxyeremophil-7（11）-en-8，12-olide（Ⅶ）， 10β-hydroxyeremophi-7（11），8（9）-dien-8，12-olide（Ⅷ）， Quercetin（Ⅸ）， Hyperin（Ⅹ） and 4α-hydroxy- eudesman-11-ene（Ⅺ） were isolated from ethyl acetate fraction； quercetin-3-O-robinobioside（Ⅻ） was isolated from n-butanol fraction. Compounds Ⅰ-Ⅻ are isolated from C. spelaeicola for the first time. The study can lay material foundation for activity stady of C. spelaeicola.

This study was aimed to optimize the extraction process of Aesculi. The extraction process of Aesculi wasoptimized through orthogonal experiment while the transfer rate of escin Ia and escin Ib. And the yield of dry extract. wasadopted as marks. And ratio of solid to liquid, the ethanol concentration, extraction time and extraction temperature werestudies. The results showed that optimized extraction conditions of Aesculi were determined as follows. The ratio of solidto liquid was 1: 10, the ethanol concentration was 70％, extracted for 20 minutes ever stage and the extractiontemperature was 60℃. It was concluded that the extraction process is efficacious for general flavone and icariinextraction. The method is suitable for the standardized production technology of Aesculi.

Objective To explore the value of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography ( CEUS ) breast predictive model in the optimization of BI-RADS classification of breast lesions . Methods A total of 1049 BI-RADS 4 ,5 breast lesions were obtained from 1039 patients in 8 centers . CEUS examination was performed prior to biopsy or surgery . According to the classification of the model ,class 3 ,4A ,4B and 4C were selected as biopsy thresholds ,and the ROC curve was drawn . The diagnostic sensitivity ,specificity , accuracy ,positive predictive value ,negative predictive value and Jordanian index were calculated for the biopsy threshold . The biopsy rate of breast lesions before and after angiography ,cancer detection rate , follow-up cases of malignant risk were compared . Results There were benign lesions 586 ( 55 .9％ ) , malignant lesions 463 (44 .1％ ) in the 1049 breast lesions . The area of ROC with thresholds of 3 ,4A ,4B and 4C were 0 .695 ,0 .838 ,0 .847 and 0 .757 ,respectively ( all P < 0 .01) . Ultrasonography had a certain diagnostic effect on benign and malignant breast lesions . The diagnostic sensitivity ,specificity ,accuracy , positive predictive value and negative predictive value with class 4A after CEUS set as the biopsy threshold were 93 .32％ ,75 .65％ ,82 .75％ ,75 .57％ and 93 .35％ ,respectively ,and the Jordanian index was 0 .690 . When chass 3 after CEUS was set as the biopsy threshold ,the biopsy rate was reduced from 100％ to 76 .74％ ,the detection rate was increased from 44 .23％ to 56 .77％ ,and the risk of cancer was only 0 .67％ in the follow-up cases . When class 4A was set as the biopsy threshold ,the biopsy rate was reduced from 100％ to 55 .58％ after CEUS . The detection rate of cancer increased from 44 .23％ to 74 .44％ . The risk of cancer was 2 .96％ . Conclusions The biopsy rate of breast lesions in category 4 and 5 would be reduced and cancer detection rate of them would be increased after CEUS ,however ,the risk of malignancy in the follow -up cases would be controlled as low as category 3 and 4A in previous BI-RADS . Thus ,CEUS has a good prospect of in optimizing BI-RADS and reducing biopsy rate in unnecessary lesions .

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in breast precancerous lesions . Methods Retrospectively analyzed the contrast-enhanced ultrasound model and angiographic predictive model of 465 cases of the A prospective multicenter study of breast nodules contrast-enhanced ultrasound" that led the Sichuan Provincial People′s Hospital from January 2016 to April 2017 ,which included 69 cases of breast precancerous lesions and 396 other types benign lesions ,and the sensitivity ,specificity and accuracy of the diagnosis of breast precancerous lesions were calculated . Results The sensitivity of ultrasound predictive model for the diagnosis of precancerous lesions was 60 .9％ and AUC was 0 .681 . Precancerous lesions mainly showed non-concentricity , increased homogeneity , and increased lesions;other types of benign lesions mainly showed non-centripetal ,high uniformity enhancement and lesion size unchanged . Conclusions Contrast-enhanced ultrasound shows a potential value in the differential diagnosis of precancerous lesions and other types of benign lesions ,that can help clinicians to take early intervention measures for breast precancerous lesions ,but there are still many problems to be solved .