[Objective] To determine the feasibility of preparing plasminogen (Pg) with Fraction Ⅲ precipitation (hereinafter referred to as FⅢ-P) from low-temperature ethanol process by full chromatography (hereinafter referred to as FⅢ-P process). [Methods] The FⅢ-P was diluted with dissolution buffer at different dilution times and stirring time. The potency and antigen concentration of Pg in dissolution sample were detected and the dissolution and clarification conditions were determined. Pre-treatment of loading sample and pre-experiment of affinity chromatography were carried out on the FⅢ-P dissolution sample to judge whether the loading sample had an impact on the chromatography by observing the performance of the affinity chromatography column and to evaluate whether the affinity chromatography could achieve the purpose of purifying Pg by detecting the plasma protein antigen concentration and Pg potency of the samples in the process. Two batches of FⅢ-P process were studied step by step, and the specific activity, steps and total recovery, and the output of Pg per ton of plasma were calculated. The feasibility of preparing Pg by FⅢ-P process was evaluated by comparing with the data of full chromatography process using plasma as raw material (hereinafter referred to as plasma process). [Results] The FⅢ-P was dissolved with 10 times of dissolution buffer, stirred for 1 hour, centrifuged at room temperature of 10 000×g for 15 minutes. The supernatant was first filtered with a screen, then clarified with an 8/0.8 μm filter, and finally filtered with a 0.45/0.2 μm filter and loaded. Pre-test showed that from clarification and filtration to Pg affinity chromatography, the step recovery of activity and antigen was 39.51% and 108.64%, respectively, the antigen concentration of Pg increased by 31.16 times and the activity increased by 11.39 times after affinity chromatography, which reaching the effect of affinity chromatography purification of Pg. The results of 2 batches of step-by-step scale-up FⅢ-P process showed that the total recoveries of antigen and activity from plasma to SP chromatography of FⅢ-P process were (45.76±1.10)% and (24.15±0.59)%, respectively, which had a total loss of about 1/3 of antigen and about 2/3 of activity compared to the plasma process. The Pg specific activity of SP chromatography eluent was (4.68±0.25) U/mg, which was about half of that of plasma process, but meeted the internal standard of > 4 U/mg. The output of Pg antigen per ton of plasma in the FⅢ-P process was 68.73% of that in the plasma process, and the output of Pg activity per ton of plasma in the plasma process was 29.82% of that in the plasma process, which basically achieved the purpose of waste utilization of FⅢ-P. [Conclusion] The technical route of preparing Pg from FⅢ-P by full chromatography is feasible.

【Objective】 To determine the ELISA kit for screening convalescence plasma with high potency of SARS-CoV-2 IgG by comparing and analyzing the plasma detection results of convalescent plasma collected in different periods via ELISA kits from two manufacturers and the results of mixed plasma with different potency via pseudovirus neutralization experiments. 【Methods】 Two ELISA kits from different manufacturers(named A, B) were used to detect the plasma of 269 convalescent patients collected from Feb.2020~Jan.2022. The correlation and concordance rate of the two results were analyzed to determine the kit preliminarily. According to the titers of diluted series of standard of the preliminary selected kit, 5 mixed plasma samples (G4-G128) with different potency were prepared. The correlation of ELISA IgG results of product A/B, as well as the pseudovirus neutralization test of the original strain, Omicron mutant BA.1 and BA.2 strains were analyzed. Combined with the outside-well dilution mode of the strongly positive samples, the kit for high potency of SARS-CoV-2 IgG screening was determined. 【Results】 When the internal control reference B2 was used as the standard, the detection sensitivity of product A and B was 1∶32 vs 1∶8; the detection sensitivity of product A was 4 times that of product B. The correlation Pearson r between the results given by two kits was 0.944 1(P<0.000 1). Product B with low sensitivity was primarily selected as an alternative kit. The ELISA IgG results of samples from mixed plasma showed that the order of correlation r between product A and B was 0.988. The correlation r between product A and neutralization antibody potency of the three viruses was original strain (0.978)>BA.2(0.970)>BA.1(0.799); the order of correlation r between ELISA IgG results of product B and neutralization antibody potency of the three viruses was original strain(0.994)>BA.2(0.968)>BA.1(0.804). If twice-diluted B2 was taken as the excellent standard, 55.4% of product B met the criterion, while 47.2% of product A met.For positive plasma with high IgG potency, the product B kit required a lower dilution of the sample, which was more convenient to operate. 【Conclusion】 Both of the ELISA IgG kit from product A and B can be used to screen IgG antibodies of SARS-CoV-2, while product B is more suitable for screening positive plasma with high IgG potency.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the application of vitamins in parenteral nutrition (PN) prescription,and to provide reference for rational use of vitamins in PN. METHODS:Usingparenteral nutritionintravenous nutritionprescription analy-sisrational drug useanalysis of medical orderas keywords,the literatures about the rationality analysis of PN prescriptions were retrieved from CNKI and Wanfang database during 2006-2015,and the utilization of vitamin included in literatures were ana-lyzed and summarized. RESULTS:A total of 34 literatures were included. There were 158874 prescriptions,among which vitamin was used in 145400 prescriptions (91.52%). 12 or 13 kinds of vitamin were used in 73508 prescriptions (46.27%);over-dose drug use was found in 53388 prescriptions(33.60%),and vitamin was not completely added into 18504 prescriptions(11.65%);no vitamin was added into 1663 prescriptions (1.05%). The proportion of the prescriptions including 12 or 13 kinds of vitamin was the highest in northern China (52.00%). 12 or 13 kinds of vitamin were added into the prescriptions and the author believed that the proportion of excessive use of vitamin,incomplete addition of water-soluble vitamin and fat-soluble vitamin in class three grade A hospitals were all lower than hospitals below class three grade A. The prescriptions including 12 or 13 kinds of necessary vi-tamin were adopted in oncology department(97.72%),internal medicine department(86.62%),intensive care unit(77.99%)and surgery department(52.83%). CONCLUSIONS:The standardized use of vitamin PN prescriptions occupies low proportion in Chi-na. It is necessary to enhance the conception that multiple recommended vitamins should be added into PN.

Objective To access the efficacy of oximeter in blood oxygen saturation monitoring in limb fracture patients. Method Monitor the blood oxygen saturation level in 200 patients with limb fractures , and determine whether blood circulation disorders exist in these patients accordingly. Results Within the 200 patients, 107 had normal blood oxygen saturation level, 50 patients had possible blood circulation disorder , 40 patients had blood circulation disorder, 3 patients had critical limb ischemia among which 2 were diagnosed as osteofascial compartment syndrome , and one as partial breakage of arteriovenous vessels. All the patients recovered well after prompt and proper treatment. Conclusion Blood oxygen saturation monitoring in post-limb- fracture patients using a oximeter can discover blood circulation disorders promptly , thus ensure proper treatment and avoid mal-practice and missed diagnosis.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for promoting the prior usage of essential medicines and scientifically selecting of antitumor medicines in the national and local drug reimbursement list. METHODS:Entering the Human Resources and Social Se-curity Bureau websites in 10 cities(Beijing,Shanghai,Guangzhou,Nanjing,Wuhan,Xi’an,Chengdu,Shenyang,Jinan and Gui-yang),drug reimbursement list was downloaded to statistically analyze the containing of antitumor medicines(including 24 essential medicines). RESULTS:In antitumor medicines,there were 5 cities with more than 100 varieties,of which Shanghai had 255 vari-eties,which was far more than other cities;the numbers of medicines in class A were near 30 in all the cities except Beijing(67 va-rieties),and the number of class B was highest in Shanghai and lowest in Beijing. All the drug reimbursement lists in 10 cities con-tained 24 antitumor essential medicines,however,the classification was different according to the dosage forms,among which, parts of formulations of cytarabine(injections),doxorubicin(injections),busulfan (often release oral dosage forms),fluorouracil (often release oral dosage forms,injections),cyclophosphamide(often release oral dosage forms,injections),methotrexate(often release oral dosage forms,injections)and cisplatin were classified as class A medicines in all cities;oxaliplatin(injections)and pa-clitaxel (injections) were classified as class B medicines;busulfan,fluorouracil,cyclophosphamide and methotrexate were classi-fied as class B in Shanghai only. CONCLUSIONS:There are some differences in the distribution of antitumor essential medicines in drug reimbursement list in each city,the varieties in developed cities are relatively more,and developing cities are less. It is sug-gested to consider the tumor epidemiology characteristics and economic situations,reasonably select antitumor essential medicines into drug reimbursement list and reasonably adjust the proportion of class A and B to ensure the basic medication and drugs’reim-bursement.

Objective To explore the effect of psychological intervention on the mental conditions and the quality of life of patients with radiation encephalopathy(REP).Methods thirty-five patients with REP from radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma were divided into the control group(n=17)and the experiment group(n=18)according to their registration sequence. The control group was managed with conventional nursing,and the experiment group with individualized psychological intervention in addition to routine nursing for 12 weeks.The two groups were compared in terms of depression and quality of life by Hamilton Depression rating Scale(HAMD)and The short-form health survey questionnaire(SF-36).Results The two groups before treatment showed no statistical difference in scores by HAMD and SF-36(P>0.05).The experiment group was superior to the control group after intervention in depression and quality of life(P<0.01).Conclusion Psychological intervention may alleviate REP in the patients at poor psychological status and improve their quality of life.

OBJECTIVE:To explore an effective mode and way to quickly train on-the-job pharmacist to become clinical pharmacist in China.METHODS:With the reference to the process and current situation of clinical pharmacist training both domestically and abroad,the background,systems and policies about clinical pharmacist training were compared and the per?sonal working experience of the author was considered,then an efficient mode for domestic on-the-job pharmacist training was put forward.RESULTS&CONCLUSION:On-the-job pharmacist training in China should be carried out in steps,which includes theoretical study and clinical practice,establishment of evaluation system,and writing of scientific papers,only by doing this can we really train the clinical pharmacists in clinical practice,ensure the safe,rational,effective and economic medication and reduce the waste of health resources.

OBJECTIVE: To utilize the clindamycin injection safely.METHODS: 167 cases of hospitalized patients, who underwent clindamycin injection during the period between March 22, 2004 and April 27, 2004 were followed up and analyzed through the self-made questionnaires. RESULTS: 98 cases were for preventing infections; 76 cases were for treating infections; in 107(47+60) cases clindamycin injection was used in combination with other anti-infective drugs to prevent and treat infections; the average dosage was 0.6g～1.2g,bid,and the average length of time was (17?15)d;the incidence of ADR was 6.6%(11/167), and the main clinical manifestations were sickness, vomiting, diarrhea, numbness of mouth and lip, fever, and mycoinfection. CONCLUSION: Only by strict control of signs for drug use and ways of administration can the clinical safety be improved.

OBJECTIVE :To explore the influencing factors of rational drug use(RDU)and time length of effect after intervention on RDU.METHODS:A field investigation was carried out on the core indices of international RDU index by the way of comparison.The investigation was carried out at three stages:1 year before intervention,1 year after intervention,and 4 years after intervention.Data statistics was analyzed by SPSS 11.1 software.RESULTS:The number of drug varieties per capita dropped from 2.76(before intervention)to 2.09(1 year after intervention),and remained 2.08(P

OBJECTIVETo explore a set of scientific evaluation and intervention methods on perioperatur period which fits for China's situation, and to promote the development of rational drug use.

METHODSTwo would tertiary general hospitals were selected and separated in to intervention group and control group. Intervention was carried out and compared at the same period on inpatient surgical cases of thryroidectomy, mastectomy, cholescystectomy, and hysteromyomectomy plus appendix.

RESULTSThe average drug costs was decreased from 1 601.27 yuan to 1 489.59 yuan and the average antibiotics use from 740.20 yuan to 352.03 yuan (P < 0.01) in the intervention group pre and post intervention. There was a remarkable improvement on the rationality of antibiotics use in intervention group, from 31.35% to 91.81% (P < 0.01) pre and post intervention, implemented in the hospital.

CONCLUSIONIt is practicable and effective to implement rational drug use where intervention was carried out, since it plays an active role on promoting safely, effectively and economic antibiotic use in China.