Objective:To investigate the effect and mechanism of vitamin K2 on vascular calcification in a type 2 diabetes rat model.Methods:Thirty male Wistar rats,6 weeks old,were acclimatized for 7 days.Ten rats were randomly selected as the negative control group,fed a normal diet,and injected with an equal amount of citrate buffer.The remaining rats were fed a high-fat and high-sugar diet for 4 weeks,and then type 2 diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin.After successful induction of the diabetes model,the diabetic rats were numbered by body weight and divided into the diabetes group and the diabetes+vitamin K2 group according to the principle of stratified random grouping.These two groups were fed a high-fat diet and a high-fat diet containing vitamin K2,respectively,while the control group continued to be fed a normal diet.After 13 weeks of feeding,the rats were sacrificed for sample collection,and blood glucose and vascular calcium concentration were measured.Von Kossa staining was used for histopathological detection.The relative expression levels of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α(HIF-1α),pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4(PDK4),matrix Gla protein(MGP),and bone morphogenetic protein-2(BMP-2)mRNA and proteins were measured by qRT-PCR and Western blot,respectively.Results:Compared with the control group,blood glucose levels in the diabetes group and diabetes+vitamin K2 group were significantly elevated(P＜0.01),but there was no significant difference between the two groups.There was no significant difference in vascular calcium concentration among the three groups(P＞0.05).Von Kossa staining showed that the control group exhibited normal vascular structures,while the diabetes group showed a large number of brown-black calcification plaques between elastic fibers in the vascular media.The diabetes+vitamin K2 group had either no calcification plaques or only a few brown-black calcification plaques.Compared with the control group,the expression levels of PDK4,MGP,and BMP-2 mRNA and proteins were higher in the diabetes group(P＜0.05),but there was no significant difference in the expression level of HIF-1α.Only the expression level of PKD4 protein had significance between the control group and diabetes+vitamin K2 group(P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in the above indexes between the diabetic group and diabetic+vitamin K2 group(P＞0.05).Conclusions:Type 2 diabetes mellitus may cause vascular calcification by increasing the expression of PDK4,which in turn leads to increased expression of BMP-2 and MGP.Vitamin K2 can inhibit vascular calcification in diabetes.

Objective:To investigate the impact of serum vitamin A levels on all-cause mortality risk in diabetes patients.Methods:Diabetes patients aged 20 years and above who participated in the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey during 2003-2004 and 2005-2006 were enrolled as the study population,with death data up to 2019 as the endpoint.Cox proportional hazards regression models were employed to calculate the hazard ratios of all-cause mortality in diabetes patients with different serum vitamin A levels,both unadjusted and adjusted for confounders.Restricted cubic spline methods were used to analyze the dose-response relationship between serum vitamin A levels and all-cause mortality risk in diabetes patients.Results:A total of 484 diabetes patients were included,with a median follow-up period of 13.7 years,during which 211 deaths occurred.Cox proportional hazards analysis showed that compared to the lowest quartile of serum vitamin A,higher quartiles of serum vitamin A were not associated with all-cause mortality risk in diabetes patients without adjusting for confounders.However,after adjusting for confounders,higher quartiles of serum vitamin A significantly reduced the all-cause mortality risk.The dose-response analysis indicated a significantly increased risk of all-cause mortality in diabetes patients with lower serum vitamin A levels.As the vitamin A levels increased,the mortality risk gradually decreased.A significant reduction in all-cause mortality risk was observed when serum vitamin A levels were between 2.17 and 2.50 μmol/L.Beyond this range,there was a tendency for increased all-cause mortality risk with further increases in vitamin A levels.Conclusion:Lower serum vitamin A levels increase the all-cause mortality risk in diabetes patients,while moderate serum vitamin A levels help reduce the all-cause mortality risk in diabetes patients.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of ionizing radiation on chromosome aberration of peripheral blood lymphocytes in children with vascular interventional procedure.Methods:The chromosome aberration of peripheral blood lymphocytes was analyzed before and after vascular interventional procedure to assess the effect of low-dose ionizing radiation on chromosomes. Peripheral blood (PB) was collected using heparin as an anticoagulant from 26 patients before and after (within 10 minutes) vascular interventional surgery. Informed consent was obtained from the patients′ parents.Results:Dicentric + centric ring (dic+ r) formation increased significantly ( U=647, P<0.01) in peripheral blood lymphocytes of children after interventional operation. No correlation was observed between the rate of dic+ r and the cumulative dose (CD), dose area product (DAP), age, body weight, gender and the estimated effective dose E ( P>0.05). There was no significant difference in dic+ r rate of children between different genders, ages and lesion sites ( P>0.05). The dic+ r rate after interventional operation exceeded 40×10 -3 in 4 of 26 cases with the highest of 95.83×10 -3. Conclusions:The ionizing radiation during children′s vascular interventional procedure might lead to the increase of chromosome aberration of peripheral blood lymphocytes and some children are abnormally sensitive. Great attention should be paid to the justification and radiation protection during interventional procedure for children.

Objective:To compare student satisfaction from nutrition experiment teaching between different questionnaire ways. Methods:The questionnaire survey and network survey were conducted after the teaching method was applied to experiment teaching of preventive medicine specialty.Results:There was no significant difference about student satisfaction scores between two ways. Conclusion:Network questionnaire can be used to make the teaching satisfaction survey based on network teaching platform.

BACKGROUND:Liver fibrosis is a kind of chronic and active disease that is caused by various causes and characterized by the excessive accumulation of extracelular matrix. At present, use of Chinese herbs for the treatment of hepatic fibrosis has obvious advantages. Salvia miltiorrhiza has been shown to be highly effective in the treatment of hepatic fibrosis. However, the underlying mechanism needs further investigation. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of TanshinoneⅡA on the expression levels of transforming growth factor-β/Smads signaling pathway related factors transforming growth factor-β, bone morphogenetic protein 7, Smad6 and Smad7 in the liver tissue of rats with hepatic fibrosis. METHODS:SD rats were randomly divided into three groups (n = 10): normal control, model and TanshinoneⅡA-treated groups. Rats in the model and TanshinoneⅡA-treated groups were subtaneously injected with olive oil-diluted 10% CCl4 ( 5 mL/kg) twice a week, 8 weeks in total, to build rat models of hepatic fibrosis. Four weeks after hepatic fibgrosis induction, rats in the TanshinoneⅡA-treated group received subtaneous injection of TanshinoneⅡA til eight weeks. Rats in the normal control group were subcutaneously injected with olive oil. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Western blotting and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) detection showed that in the model group, the expression of transforming growth factor-β in the rat liver tissue was significantly increased (P < 0.01) and the expression of bone morphogenetic protein-7, Smad6 and Smad7 was significantly decreased (P < 0.01) compared with the normal control group. TanshinoneⅡA could obviously reverse the expression of those factors above-mentioned (P < 0.01). The results suggest that TanshinoneⅡA can be used for treatment of hepatic fibrosis by decreasing the expression of transforming growth factor-β and increasing the expression of bone morphogenetic protein-7, Smad6 and Smad7.

In view of the new situation in rapid variation with food safety and nutrition, and an urgent need of the practical talents in China, this study proposes corresponding reforming measures in improving teaching principle, teaching content, teaching methods, teaching equipment, teaching evalu-ation and training teachers.

BACKGROUND:Some studies have shown that hyperlipidemia can lead to osteoporosis in rats, and exercise can increase the bone mineral density of rats. But the effect of short-time exercise on the bone mineral density of hyperlipdemia induced osteoporosis male rats is unclear yet.
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of short-time middle-load treadmil exercise on the bone mineral density of hyperlipidemia male rats.
METHODS:Twenty-six male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups:control group (n=8), hyperlipidemia group (n=9) and exercise intervention group (n=9). The rats in the control group were fed with normal diet, and the rats in the other two groups were fed with high-fat diet and lasted for 4 weeks to establish the hyperlipidemia models. The rats in the exercise intervention group received treadmil exercise 5 days per week for 4 weeks according to the fol owing schedule:15 m/min for 15 minutes in the 1st week, 15 m/min for 20 minutes in the 2nd week, and then 20 m/min for 20 minutes in the last 2 weeks. Slope grade of the treadmil was adjusted at 0°. At the end of experiment, the rats were sacrificed, and the bone mineral density of the right femur, the morphological change of tibia, the level of plasma alkaline phosphates and calcium content were examined.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the control group, the distal femur bone mineral density in hyperlipidemia group was significantly decreased (P<0.05);histological analysis of the proximal tibia showed thinning and loss of bony trabeculae arrangement, the gap was widened, and a large amount of fat cel s infiltration or integration into vacuoles in the marrow was observed, the plasma alkaline phosphates was significantly increased (P<0.01). Compared with the hyperlipidemia group, distal femur bone mineral density in the exercise intervention group was increased (P<0.05). After adjust body weight, the whole femur bone mineral density was significantly greater in exercise intervention group compared to hyperlipidemia group (P<0.05). The histological analysis of the proximal tibia showed that the spaces of bone trabeculae decreased and the structure of bone trabeculae compacted, the alkaline phosphates activities were increased (P<0.01). There were no significant differences in serum calcium and phosphates levels between groups. The results show that short-time middle-load treadmil exercise can increase the bone mineral density of hyperlipidemia male rats.

Objective To investigate the effects of conductive education with routine rehabilitation on cerebral palsy. Methods 59 caseswere divided into the conductive group (n=38) and the control group (n=21). The conductive group received conductive education with routinerehabilitation and the control group received routine rehabilitation only. They were assessed with the gross motor function, intelligentand activity of daily living (ADL) before and after treatment. Results The improvement of gross motor was not significantly different betweenthese groups (P>0.05), while the intelligence, ADL improved more in the conductive group than in the control group (P=0.001). ConclusionConductive education can promote the development of the children in ADL and intelligent.

Objective To evaluate the measurement accuracy of serum gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) assays manufactured in China. Methods The International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (IFCC) reference method for GGT was set up and, after verification, was used to evaluate the performance of routine assay systems made in China. The evaluation was performed twice before and after a calibration by a common serum calibrator. Results For the reference measurement, the within run and total CVs were all less than 1%. The biases with the target values of IFCC External Quality Assessment Scheme for Reference Laboratories (RELA) were all within the limit of equivalence. Before a calibration with a common calibrator, the largest biases of results of GGT of the routine tasting systems compared with reference method at three medical decide levels were -47.53%, -34.11% and -30.07% respectively, and the averaged biases were 14.53% ,12.88% and 12.48%. After calibrating by fresh serum calibrator,the largest biases were reduced to - 17.63%, -5.88% and -4.08% ,the averaged biases were reduced to 7.50%, 2.70% and 1.87%. Conclusion The performance of GGT measurements can be effectively improved by using a common fresh serum calibrator that has a value assigned with the reference method.

Objective To explore the effects of exogenous glutathione on arsenic distribution and nitric oxide (NO) metabolism in the brain of mice exposed to arsenite through drinking water. Methods Female Kunming mice were randomly divided into 5 groups, eight in each, and the mice were exposed to sodium arsenite through drinking water at doses of 0 mg/L (control) and 50 mg/L arsenic for 4 consecutive weeks, on the fourth week, with the exposure of arsenic, glutathione was given through intraperitoneal injection at doses of 200 mg/kg b.w, 400 mg/kg b.w or 800 mg/kg b.w, respectively for 7 days. In the end of treatment, the samples of blood and brain were collected. Levels of inorganic arsenic (iAs), monomethylarsonic acid (MMA) and dimethylarsenic acid (DMA) were determined by HG-AAS method. Activities of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and the concentrations of NO were determined with kits. Results Compared with those in single arsenic group, glutathione significantly decreased levels of iAs, MMA and total arsenic levels (TAs) in the blood and levels of DMA and TAs in the brain. Activities of NOS and levels of NO in As group were significantly lower than those in control, however administration of glutathione could ameliorate these toxic effects, and NOS activities in groups treated with 400 mg/kg b.w and 800 mg/kg b.w glutathione were significantly higher than those in single arsenic group. Conclusion Exogenous glutathione may promote methylation of arsenic, therefore reduce arsenic levels in both blood and brain. Moreover, it is proposed that administration of exogenous glutathione can ameliorate the adverse effects of arsenic on NO metabolism in the brain via decreasing the brain arsenic burden.