is famous for its important therapeutic effects. Saponins are bioactive compounds found in different parts and developmental stages of plants. Thus, it is urgently to study saponins distribution in different parts and growth ages of plants. In this study, potential biomarkers were found, and their chemical characteristic differences were revealed through metabolomic analysis. High-performance liquid chromatography data indicated the higher content of saponins (, Rg1, Re, Rd, and Rb1) in the underground parts than that in the aerial parts. 20()-Protopanaxadiol saponins were mainly distributed in the aerial parts. Additionally, the total saponin content in the 3-year-old plant (188.0 mg/g) was 1.4-fold higher than that in 2-year-old plant (130.5 mg/g). The transcriptomic analysis indicated the tissue-specific transcription expression of genes, namely, , , , , and , which encoded critical synthases in saponin biosyntheses. These genes showed similar expression patterns among the parts of plants. The expression levels of these genes in the flowers and leaves were 5.2fold higher than that in the roots and fibrils. These results suggested that saponins might be actively synthesized in the aerial parts and transformed to the underground parts. This study provides insights into the chemical and genetic characteristics of to facilitate the synthesis of its secondary metabolites and a scientific basis for appropriate collection and rational use of this plant.

The cultivation of plants is hindered by replanting problems, which may be caused by plant-driven changes in the soil microbial community. Inoculation with microbial antagonists may efficiently alleviate replanting issues. Through high-throughput sequencing, this study revealed that bacterial diversity decreased, whereas fungal diversity increased, in the rhizosphere soils of adult ginseng plants at the root growth stage under different ages. Few microbial community, such as , Cytophagaceae, , , Sphingomonadaceae, and Zygomycota, were observed; the relative abundance of microorganisms, namely, , Enterobacteriaceae, , Cantharellales, , , and Chytridiomycota, increased in the soils of adult ginseng plants compared with those in the soils of 2-year-old seedlings. 50-1, a microbial antagonist against the pathogenic , was isolated through a dual culture technique. These bacteria acted with a biocontrol efficacy of 67.8%. The ginseng death rate and abundance decreased by 63.3% and 46.1%, respectively, after inoculation with 50-1. Data revealed that microecological degradation could result from ginseng-driven changes in rhizospheric microbial communities; these changes are associated with the different ages and developmental stages of ginseng plants. Biocontrol using microbial antagonists alleviated the replanting problem.

Objective To study the effect of nursing of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation treated with drug therapy.Methods A total of 40 paroxysmal atrial fibrillation patients were admitted in our hospital,and were randomly divided into observation group and control group,with 20 cases in each group.The patients of two groups were given the same treatment therapy,and the observation group was given comprehensive nursing intervention,while the control group was given conventional nursing intervention.The treatment efficacy,nursing satisfaction and quality of life after nursing were compared.Results The curative efficacy after nursing in the observation group was higher than that in the control group (90.0％ vs.65.0％,P ＜ 0.05).The life quality score in the observation group was significantly higher compared with the control group (P ＜ 0.05),and nursing satisfaction was 80.0％,which was significantly higher than that in the control group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Effective nursing intervention can improve the treatment efficacy for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation patients with drug therapy,and improve patients' life quality,as well as nursing satisfaction.

Objective To study the effect of nursing of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation treated with drug therapy.Methods A total of 40 paroxysmal atrial fibrillation patients were admitted in our hospital,and were randomly divided into observation group and control group,with 20 cases in each group.The patients of two groups were given the same treatment therapy,and the observation group was given comprehensive nursing intervention,while the control group was given conventional nursing intervention.The treatment efficacy,nursing satisfaction and quality of life after nursing were compared.Results The curative efficacy after nursing in the observation group was higher than that in the control group (90.0％ vs.65.0％,P ＜ 0.05).The life quality score in the observation group was significantly higher compared with the control group (P ＜ 0.05),and nursing satisfaction was 80.0％,which was significantly higher than that in the control group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Effective nursing intervention can improve the treatment efficacy for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation patients with drug therapy,and improve patients' life quality,as well as nursing satisfaction.

Research teams work together to solve the technical bottleneck in the Panax notoginseng industry.These research directions mainly focus on breeding of new variety,alleviating the continuous cropping obstacles,building standard system and so on.We used methods such as biotechnology,information technology and so on,to realize digitization,network and intellectualization in the process of selection of producing areas,field management,harvest storage,solved key issues of the precise selection of producing areas,variety breeding,soil improvement,fertilization management,and realized the precision and optimization of ginseng cultivation.We built the composite technology system of pollution-free notoginseng.This technology system mainly contained the breeding of new cultivar,the composite technology of soil improvement,the cultivation system of pollution-free notoginseng and quality traceability system.A new disease-resistant cultivar of notoginseng was bred,which offered feasibility for the notoginseng continuous cropping.We first presented composite improvement technology of notoginseng continuous cropping soil.This improvement technology has been used in the field.This technology system of soil restoration and improvement guaranteed notoginseng continuous cropping.A first standard system of pollution-free notoginseng was issued.It established standard of high-quality notoginseng materials.Finally,quality traceability system of notoginseng was finished,which safeguarded the controllable quality.This composite technology system offers references for the cultivation of other Chinese herbal medicines.

The occurrence of Panax notoginseng diseases seriously constrains its economic yield,which has becoming one of the main factors that hinders the development of P.notoginseng.For the sustainable development of P.notoginseng industry,this study summarized the pathogens,incidence conditions,transmissions and control methods of main P.notoginseng diseases.This paper elaborated that the prevention of major P.notoginseng diseases should be a comprehensive strategy based on agricultural,chemical and biological control.The disease prevention-control system of focusing on prevention and comprehensive management should be established.The breeding of new varieties should be strengthened to improve the disease resistance and to promote the sustainable development of P.notoginseng industry.

Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F.H.Chen contains saponins,polysaccharides,flavonoids,alkyne,alcohol and other physiological active substances.Among notoginseng,saponins and decichine are the main effective components.Their pharmacological actions mainly include hemostasis,activating blood,blood tonic,anti-thrombus,protecting myocardium and various pharmacological actions.Notoginseng has been widely used in the treatment of clinical diseases.This paper was aimed to review the application status of notoginseng based on previous studies from both at home and abroad.It summarized main active ingredients of notoginseng saponins and polysaccharides;compared extraction process of notoginseng saponins and polysaccharides,respectively;outlined active ingredients of notoginseng in antiinflammatory,anti-tumor,immune strengthening,activating blood to remove stasis and other aspects of pharmacological effects.Additionally,we provided multiple researches,such as strengthening research of notoginseng polysaccharides,optimizing extraction process of notoginseng active substances,and improving compatibility system of notoginseng saponins and other medicinal components,in order to promote a comprehensive exploitation of notoginseng.

Medicinal plants and microorganisms show a close relationship,both of which are from the plantmicroorganism symbiont system and interact mutually.Microorganisms are closely related to the growth,reproduction and secondary metabolic activities of medicinal plants.The symbiotic relationship between medicinal plants and microbes is the hotspot of medicinal plants in recent years.This paper summarized the relationship between medicinal plants and microorganisms.It reviewed the effects of medicinal plant species and root exudates on the microbial community composition and diversity,the effects of medicinal plant rhizosphere microbes on plant growth,the specificity of microorganism and the molecular recognition mechanism of medicinal plants and microorganisms.This article also provided the basis for excavation and utilization of the mechanism of interaction between medicinal plants and microorganisms,which were significance for the effective use of microbial growth mechanism to improve the stress resistance of medicinal plants,to increase the yield and to improve the quality of medicinal plants.

Objective To investigate the chemical constituents in the marine sponge, Spongia sp., collected from the Xisha Islands.Methods The pure chemical components from the petroleum ether extract of Spongia sp.were obtained by repeated column chromatography on silica gel,ODS,Sephadex LH-20 and semi-preparative HPLC.Their structures were determined by spectroscopic analysis and comparison with the reported data.The antifungal activity of those compounds was evaluated by dilution method.Results 9 compounds were isolated and identified,including smenodiol(1),smenospongorine(2),5-epi-smenospongorine(3),dictyoceratin C(4),epi-smenospongidine(5),dictyoceratin A(6),stigmasta-4,6,8(14),22-tetraen-3-one(7),3-oxo-4,6,8(14)-triunsaturated steroids(8),ergosta-4,6,8(14),22-tetraen-3-one(9).Conclusion Compounds 1~9 were isolated from the sponge of genus spongia for the first time.Compound 2、3、5 and 9 exhibited antifungal activities against Candida albicans,Trichophyton mentaqrophytes and Trichophyton rubrum with the MIC values of 12.5~25 μg/ml.

Objective To retrospectively assess the clinical manifestations and treatment of secondary syphilis with ocular impairment as the initial symptom. Methods Clinical data were retrospectively analyzed on secondary syphilis with ocular impairment as the initial symptom collected from September 1998 to October 2008. Results There were 11 syphilitic patients presenting acute ocular impairment as their initial manifestation. Skin eruptions developed simultaneously with ocular impairment in 2 patients, following ocular impairment in 9 patients. All patients were positive for rapid plasma reagent test (RPR) and treponema pallidum haemagglutination assay (TPHA), but negative for HIV. Of these patients, 9 suffered from uveitis (iridocyclitis, choroiditis or panuveitis), 2 from optic neuritis; 3 had unilateral ocular involvement, 8 had bilateral ocular involvement. After treatment with injected penicillin or ceftriaxone sodium, 9 patients experienced complete visual recovery, 2 partial visual recovery. Conclusions Ocular impairment occurs in patients with secondary syphilis at a low incidence, with no characteristic clinical manifestations. For patients who have no response to conventional ocular therapy, ocular syphilis should be considered and serological examination for syphilis is recommended.