Objective To compare the imaging characteristics and surgical methods of pulmonary nodules in the external 1/3 group and internal 2/3 group. Methods A retrospective analysis of clinical data from patients who underwent thoracoscopic preoperative CT-guided lung nodule localization at the Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University from September 2020 to April 2022 was conducted. Results A total of 215 patients were enrolled (247 pulmonary nodules), including 70 males and 145 females, with a median age of 48 years. Based on the location of the nodules under CT guidance, those located in the external 1/3 area of the lung were classified into an external 1/3 group, while those located in the middle 1/3 and inner 1/3 areas were classified into an internal 2/3 group. There was no statistical difference between the two groups in terms of general clinical data, nature of pulmonary nodules, distribution of pulmonary nodules in lobes, localization time, or localization complications (P>0.05). However, there were statistical differences in the distance of pulmonary nodules from the pleura [0.6 (0.0-1.9) cm vs. 1.8 (0.0-4.5) cm, P<0.001], size of pulmonary nodules [0.7 (0.2-1.8) cm vs. 1.0 (0.2-2.0) cm, P<0.001], and surgical methods (P=0.002). In the external 1/3 group, 92.1% of nodules underwent thoracoscopic wedge resection, while fewer patients underwent other procedures; in the internal 2/3 group, 77.1% of nodules underwent thoracoscopic wedge resection, and 19.3% underwent segmentectomy. Conclusion The diameter of pulmonary nodules, the distance of pulmonary nodules from the pleura, and surgical methods differ between the external 1/3 group and internal 2/3 group. Thoracic surgeons can develop more precise surgical plans based on the location and size of pulmonary nodules.

OBJECTIVE To develop a population pharmacokinetic （PPK） model for mycophenolate mofetil active metabolite mycophenolic acid （MPA） in children with primary IgA nephropathy， explore the factors affecting the pharmacokinetic parameters of MPA， and provide a basis for clinical individualized therapy. METHODS Retrospective collection was conducted on 636 concentrations and clinical data from 47 pediatric patients with primary IgA nephropathy. PPK analysis was carried out by using the nonlinear mixed-effects model； the covariates were tested with a stepwise method. Goodness-of-fit plots， Bootstrap and visual predictive check were employed to evaluate the final model. RESULTS The pharmacokinetics of MPA in children with IgA nephropathy in vivo conformed to the first-order absorption and elimination two-compartment model （objective function value of 3 276.31）. Covariate analysis suggested that body weight and albumin （ALB） levels were significant influencing factors on apparent clearance rate and apparent distribution volume. The typical values of PPK parameters of MPA in the final model were as follows： the central room had a distributed volume of 5.79 L， the clearance rate was 4.06 L/h， the volume of peripheral ventricular distribution was 430.93 L， the clearance rate between compartments was 15.40 L/h， the oral absorption rate constant was 1.29 h－1. After verification， most of the predicted corrected observed concentration points were within the 90% confidence interval of the predicted corrected simulated concentration， indicating that the MPA final model had good predictive performance. CONCLUSIONS The PPK model of MPA in children with primary IgA nephropathy is established in this study， identifying body weight and ALB levels are significant factors affecting MPA metabolism.

Objective To explore the activation of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)signaling pathway and the expressions of the associated inflammatory factors in NPHP1-defective renal tubular epithelial cells.Methods A human proximal renal tubular cell(HK2)model of lentivirus-mediated NPHP1 knockdown(NPHP1KD)was constructed,and the expressions of TNF-α,p38,and C/EBPβ and the inflammatory factors CXCL5,CCL20,IL-1β,IL-6 and MCP-1 were detected using RT-qPCR,Western blotting or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.A small interfering RNA(siRNA)was transfected in wild-type and NPHP1KDHK2 cells,and the changes in the expressions of TNF-α,p38,and C/EBPβ and the inflammatory factors were examined.Results NPHP1KDHK2 cells showed significantly increased mRNA expressions of TNF-α,C/EBPβ,CXCL5,IL-1β,and IL-6(P<0.05),protein expressions of phospho-p38 and C/EBPβ(P<0.05),and IL-6 level in the culture supernatant(P<0.05),and these changes were significantly blocked by transfection of cells with siRNA-C/EBPβ(P<0.05).Conclusion TNF-α signaling pathway is activated and its associated inflammatory factors are upregulated in NPHP1KDHK2 cells,and C/EBPβ may serve as a key transcription factor to mediate these changes.

Objective To explore the activation of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)signaling pathway and the expressions of the associated inflammatory factors in NPHP1-defective renal tubular epithelial cells.Methods A human proximal renal tubular cell(HK2)model of lentivirus-mediated NPHP1 knockdown(NPHP1KD)was constructed,and the expressions of TNF-α,p38,and C/EBPβ and the inflammatory factors CXCL5,CCL20,IL-1β,IL-6 and MCP-1 were detected using RT-qPCR,Western blotting or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.A small interfering RNA(siRNA)was transfected in wild-type and NPHP1KDHK2 cells,and the changes in the expressions of TNF-α,p38,and C/EBPβ and the inflammatory factors were examined.Results NPHP1KDHK2 cells showed significantly increased mRNA expressions of TNF-α,C/EBPβ,CXCL5,IL-1β,and IL-6(P<0.05),protein expressions of phospho-p38 and C/EBPβ(P<0.05),and IL-6 level in the culture supernatant(P<0.05),and these changes were significantly blocked by transfection of cells with siRNA-C/EBPβ(P<0.05).Conclusion TNF-α signaling pathway is activated and its associated inflammatory factors are upregulated in NPHP1KDHK2 cells,and C/EBPβ may serve as a key transcription factor to mediate these changes.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the genetic basis for a child presented with renal failure and multi-cystic dysplastic kidney without anal atresia. METHODS: Peripheral blood sample of the child and his parents were collected and subjected to whole exome sequencing. Candidate variant was verified by Sanger sequencing. RESULTS: The 40-day-old infant had presented with vomiting brown matter in a 7 days neonate and was transferred for kidney failure. Clinical examination has discovered renal failure, polycystic renal dysplasia, congenital hypothyroidism, bilateral thumb polydactyly, sensorineural hearing loss and preauricular dermatophyte. Genetic testing revealed that he has harbored a previously unreported c.824delT, p.L275Yfs*10 frameshift variant of SALL1 gene, which was confirmed by Sanger sequencing as de novo. CONCLUSION The patient was diagnosed with Townes-Brocks syndrome due to the novel de novo variant of SALL1 gene. Townes-Brocks syndrome without anal atresia is rare. Above finding has also enriched the mutational spectrum of the SALL1 gene.
Abnormalities, Multiple ; Anus, Imperforate/genetics* ; Child ; Female ; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/genetics* ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Renal Insufficiency ; Thumb/abnormalities* ; Transcription Factors/genetics*

ObjectiveTo study the effect of organophosphate-solubilizing bacteria and compound bacteria on the photosynthesis and physiological and biochemical characteristics of leaves of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis， and to provide a reference for selecting suitable bacterial fertilizers in artificial cultivation of this medicinal species. MethodPot experiment was carried out indoor and the following groups were designed： control （CK）， inoculation with Bacillus mycoides （S1）， inoculation with B. wiedmannii （S2）， inoculation with B. proteolyticus （S3）， inoculation with B. mycoides and B. wiedmannii （S4）， inoculation with B. mycoides and B. proteolyticus （S5）， inoculation with B. wiedmannii and B. proteolyticus （S6）， and inoculation with B. mycoides， B. wiedmannii and B. proteolyticus （S7）. Then， the growth and development， photosynthesis， and various physiological and biochemical indexes of the leaves of this species were observed. ResultCompared with CK， the treatment groups showed decrease in content of malondialdehyde in the leaves （P<0.05）， particularly S7 （content was only about 1/3 that of the CK）. The leaf area， photosynthetic parameters， photosynthetic pigment content， soluble sugar content， soluble protein content， and activity of superoxide dismutase （SOD）， peroxidase （POD）， and catalase （CAT） in leaves of the treatment groups were all improved. Among them， the leaf area， soluble sugar content， and soluble protein content were the highest in S7， which were 2.8， 2.1， and 2.2 times that of the CK， respectively. SOD activity peaked in S6 （2.9 times higher than that in the CK） and the highest activity of POD and CAT was detected in S5 （1.5 times and 2.1 times， respectively higher than that in the CK）. ConclusionInoculation with different organophosphate-solubilizing bacteria or compound bacteria can promote the growth and development of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis and improve its resistance to stresses. The combination of B. mycoides and B. proteolyticus and the combination of the three achieved the have the best effect. This study provides a reference for the selection of bacterial fertilizers for artificial cultivation of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis.

Objective:To explore the characteristics of Lowe syndrome, as well as OCRL1 gene mutation and its relationship with phenotype. Methods:Children diagnosed with Lowe syndrome during their visit to Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University (4 cases) and the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University (3 cases) from January 2009 to January 2019 were included. The clinical data and peripheral blood samples were collected, and the sequence analysis of OCRL1 was performed after genomic DNA extraction. Then the clinical features of the children and the relationship between OCRL1 mutation and clinical phenotype were analyzed. Results:Seven patients from 6 families who presented with Lowe syndrome were included. All of them had different degrees of ocular-neural-renal symptoms. Six cases from 5 families had congenital cataract and neonatal hypotonia, one case from another family only had a thin lens without cataract. Four cases had nystagmus and 2 cases had glaucoma. Six cases from 6 families had psychomotor retardation and had proximal tubular impairment, included low-molecular-weight proteinuria (LMWP). Serum aspartate transaminase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK) and creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) were increased in all 6 patients who were tested. Mutations of OCRL1 were detected in all the 6 families, which located in exon 10, 13, 16, 18, 22 and 23 respectively. The mutations of c.891 G>T, c.1682_1683insAA and c.2564_2567del are novel. Conclusions:Three OCRL1 novel mutations in 6 Chinese Lowe syndrome families are identified. The clinical manifestations in different mutations of OCRL1 are heterogeneous. The mutations of c.891 G>T in exon 10 without congenital cataract is rare in clinical.

Objective: To evaluate the non-carcinogenic health risk of heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Pb and Zn) in residential indoor dust for young children around an e-waste dismantling area in South China. Methods: A village around an e-waste dismantling area in South China was selected as a research site in October 2016. Convenience sampling method was used to select 36 houses in the village and 36 dust samples were collected by vacuum cleaner. The concentrations of heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Pb and Zn) in each sample were determined and expressed by the average value. Non-carcinogenic health risk assessment was conducted using the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Health Risk Assessment (HRA) model, the American Toxicology and Disease Registry (ATSDR) Target-organ Toxicity Dose (TTD) approach and the ATSDR Binary Weight-of-Evidence (BINWOE) model. Results: The mean ± SD of concentrations of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Pb and Zn were (48.90±33.91), (5.95±3.89), (173.57±580.37), (412.71±1 190.00), (612.82±540.70), (297.41±293.22) and (1 052.81±1 156.48) mg/kg, respectively. The HI value of TTD (2.670) and BINWOE (2.933) were higher than the safety threshold of EPA recommended non-carcinogenic health risk. The HI value of TTD and BINWOE were 1.93 and 2.12 times higher than the HI value of HRA (1.386). Conclusion There was non-carcinogenic health risk of heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Pb and Zn) via residential indoor dust around the e-waste dismantling area for local children.

Objective: To identify the etiology and source of infection in a diarrhea outbreak in Yunnan in May 2017 and to provide the evidence for formulating prevention and control measures. Methods: Epidemiological investigation was carried out on the epidemic situation of diarrhea in the village of Lvchun County in Yunnan Province, the field sampling, laboratory testing and data analysis were also performed. Results: Among the 44 patients, 11 of the 13 samples were positive for rotavirus nucleic acid in group A, and the positive rate was 84.62%. The survey showed that the water supply pipe was damaged and polluted by human and livestock manure and domestic sewage. The trend of the damaged water pipe was basically the same as the case distribution, and the rainfall was significantly related to the number of the disease. Conclusions This event was an outbreak of diarrhea caused by group A rotavirus. The direct pollution of drinking water caused by rainfall may be the risk factor of this outbreak. The health management of rural drinking water should be strengthened and the health knowledge and education of preventing intestinal infectious diseases should be promoted.

Related substances in pharmaceutical formulations are associated with their safety, efficacy and stability. However, there is no overall study already published on the assessment of related substances in the Compound Ketoconazole and Clobetasol Propionate Cream. In this work, a reliable HPLC-TOF-MS qua-litative method was developed for the analysis of related substances in this preparation with a quick and easy extraction procedure. Besides the active pharmaceutical ingredients, two compounds named ke-toconazole impurity B′ optical isomer and ketoconazole impurity E were identified. Furthermore, a new HPLC method for qualitative and quantitative assessment on related substances and degradation pro-ducts, which were found in the stability test, was established and validated. The single standard to determine multi-components method was applied in the quantitative analysis, which was an effective way for reducing cost and improving accuracy. This study can provide a creative idea for routine analysis of quality control of the Compound Ketoconazole and Clobetasol Propionate Cream.