ObjectiveTo investigate the alleviating effect of calcium cyanamide （CaCN₂） soil fumigation on replanting problems of Rehmannia glutinosa. MethodsNewly soil （NP） was used as the control group， while three treatment groups were established： replanted soil （RP）， newly soil treated with CaCN₂ （120 g·m²， tillage depth 25 cm） （NPCC）， and replanted soil treated with CaCN₂ （RPCC）. R. glutinosa was cultivated in all groups. At harvest， the tuber agronomic traits （number of enlarged roots， maximum root diameter， fresh weight， dry weight） were measured. The content of catalpol and rehmannioside D was quantified by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography （UPLC） to evaluate medicinal quality. Rhizosphere soil available nutrients and enzyme activities were analyzed by assay kits. The community structure and composition of fungi and bacteria in rhizosphere soil were assessed via internal transcribed spacer 2 （ITS2） sequencing and 16S rDNA sequencing， respectively. ResultsCompared with NP， the RP group showed obviously reduced in tuber agronomic traits and quality indicators （P0.05）. However， the RPCC group showed significant improvement in agronomic traits and a notable increase in rehmannioside D content compared to RP （P0.05）. The contents of available phosphorus and potassium in RPCC and NP groups were obviously lower than those in RP （P0.05）. The polyphenol oxidase soil （S-PPO） activity in RP was obviously lower than in NP （P0.05）， while sucrose soil （S-SC）， acid phosphatase soil （S-ACP）， and S-PPO activities in RPCC were obviously higher than in RP （P0.05）. Microbial richness and diversity in RP were obviously higher than in NP （P0.05）， whereas no significant differences were observed between the RPCC and NP. The relative abundances of fungal genera Nectria， Myrothecium， Tomentella， and bacterial genus Skermanella were obviousl lower in RPCC and NP than in RP （P0.05）. Correlation analysis that S-ACP activity was positively correlated with the content of rehmannioside D （P0.05）. Fungal genera Engyodontium and Alternaria， and bacterial genera Pir4 lineage， Pirellula， Methyloversatilis， Brevundimonas， Ralstonia， and Acidibacter were obviously positively correlated with tuber dry weight （P0.05）. Conversely， fungal genera Pseudaleuria， Nectria， Haematonectria， Ceratobasidium， and bacterial genera Streptomyces， Skermanella， RB41， Gemmatimonas， and Bacillus were obviously negatively correlated with dry weight （P0.05）. The fungal genus Alternaria and bacterial genera Brevundimonas， Ralstonia， Acidibacter， and Dongia showed positive correlations with medicinal quality of R.glutinosa tuber， while fungal genera Pseudaleuria， Nectria， Stachybotrys， Fusarium， Gibberella， Ceratobasidium， and bacterial genera Sphingomonas， Skermanella， RB41， Gemmatimonas， and Bacillus were obviously negatively correlated （P0.05）. ConclusionCaCN₂ soil fumigation can significantly improve enzyme activities in replanted Rehmannia rhizosphere soil， enhance the utilization of available nutrients， reshape microbial community structure of replanted R.glutinosa at the family and genus level， and notably improve tuber agronomic traits and medicinal quality. This study provides a novel approach to alleviating replanting problems and offers insights for the integrated development of standardized cultivation techniques， including soil disinfection， nutrient-targeted regulation， and microbial inoculant application.

ObjectiveTo reveal the correlation of Rehmannia glutinosa-soil feedback process with the formation of its continuous cropping obstacles through the identification of the root exudates of R. glutinosa and analysis of the specific rhizomicrobes recruited by the root exudate. MethodThe root exudates of R. glutinosa seedlings germinated under sterilized condition and those enriched in the rhizosphere of R. glutinosa cultivated in the field were collected and analyzed using the ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry（UPLC-Q-TOF-MS）. The highly abundant compounds identified in the root exudates were added into blank soil， and the soil microbial community was profiled using Illumina Miseq sequencing. The bacterial and fungal functions were predicted by PICRUSt and FUNGuild， respectively. ResultThe identification results showed that seven phenylethanoid glycosides were found in R. glutinosa root exudates， and acteoside possessed the highest abundance. In the soil enriched with acteoside， the bacterial genera such as Agromyces， Pseudomonas， Lysobacter， Sphingobium， Pseudoxanthomonas and Sphingomonas were enriched. For the fungi， the genera Neocosmospora， Plectosphaerella and Dactylonectria， and the species such as Neocosmospora rubicola， Plectosphaerella cucumerina， Dactylonectria alcacerensis and Fusarium solani showed higher abundance. The functional analysis indicated the above-mentioned bacterial genera may realize rapid proliferation by utilizing， biodegrading and transforming phenylethanoid glycosides， and some potential fungal pathogens were colonized. ConclusionThe R. glutinsoa-soil feedbacks were likely generated by the phenylethanoid glycosides in the root exudates together with the specific rhizomicrobes. The investigations of R. glutinsoa-soil feedbacks under continuous cropping system are critical to the further understanding of the underlying mechanisms related to its continuous cropping obstacles.

Objective:To explore any changes in the electromyographic (EMG) signals from the deep lumbar multifidus (DM) of patients with chronic low back pain (cLBP).Methods:Twenty-five cLBP patients formed the cLBP group, while twenty-eight healthy counterparts similar in sex, age and education background were chosen as the control group. EMG signals were recorded during maximum isometric voluntary contraction of the DM. Two-way repeated measures analysis of variance was applied to compare the two groups′ signals′ Lempel-Ziv (LZ) complexity values at rest and during the maximum strength, strength endurance and relaxation stages of contraction. Pearson correlation coefficients were computed relating the LZ complexity to pain duration and intensity, as well as to Oswestry disability index (ODI) values in the cLBP group.Results:The cLBP patients reported a mean symptom duration of 5.96±4.69 years, with an average VAS score of 4.00±1.04 and ODI of 17.12±10.49. They reported greater pain intensity during needle insertions, needle removal, muscle contraction and relaxation than the healthy controls. There were significant differences in LZ complexity among the four stages of contraction with all of the subjects. The LZ complexity was significantly lower in the maximum strength and strength endurance states, but higher in the relaxation after contraction states in the cLBP group. Pain duration was negatively correlated with the nonlinear index of DM during contraction.Conclusion:Continuous pain stimulation will affect the coordinated control of the deep multifidus muscle, leading to decreased control of core muscles via the central nervous system. That provides insight into the mechanisms underlying activation and coordinated control during chronic pain.

Objective To explore the curative effect of knee flexion deformity on spastic cerebral palsy treatment method.Methods All of 30 patients with spastic cerebral and knee flexion deformity were randomly divided into two groups:traditional operation group and modified operation group,using the commonly used operation (In 15 cases,with traditional hamstring post surgery) and) modified operation (In 15 cases,with modified hamstring post surgery),two groups of patients were treated with Ilizarov external fixation drafting device in the correction of knee flexion deformity after soft tissue release.Adjustment began 7 days after the soft tissue release operation of external fixation,and stretched approximately 0.2 degrees each time,3 times/d,until knee flexion deformity was corrected to hyperextension for 10 degree and maintained for 3 weeks,and the flexion contracture degree of knee joint was measured every 2 weeks;then the Ilizarov external fixation drafting device was removed.Then wear a walking straight leg brace for more than 3 months,until the knee walking function is good.Clinical evaluation included the joint pain index,walking function index,knee flexion deformity degree and range of joint motion score of Dimeglio standard.Results Flexion contracture deformity of knee joint in 30 cases (60 knees) was corrected when Ilizarov external fixator was removed,knee extension to 0 degrees-5 degrees.The two groups of patients had the knee flexion angle range of-1.2 degrees to 13.3 degrees,with an average of (7.32°±3.41°) after removed of the walking straight leg brace,in which 4 cases (8 joints) got recurrent deformity of 10°-15° at the time of removing of the walking straight leg brace.Knee activity significantly was improved at the end of treatment.60 cases of knee joint activity were close to normal,with flexion of 100 degrees to 135 degrees,extension of 0 degrees to 10 degrees.Two groups of patients were statistically significantly improved before and after surgery.Curative effect comparison:The walking function index of the modified operation group was obviously superior to that of the traditional operation group,there was significant statistical difference.There were no statistically significant differences in pain index,knee flexion,and range of joint motion.Conclusion For the treatment of flexion deformity of the knee joint in spastic cerebral palsy,traditional surgery using the semitendinosus and gracilis,post and semimembranosus lysis,combined with the Ilizarov draft external fixation could improve the walking function of the patients,simplify the surgical incision and reduce trauma.As a result,modified hamstring post surgery is an ideal,effective treatment method.