Sinisan is a classical prescription developed and applied by ancient medical experts and it is first recorded in the Treatise on Cold Damage written by ZHANG Zhongjing in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Later physicians have modified this prescription based on this original one. The bibliometrics methods were used to analyze the key information and research trend of Sinisan. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria， 69 pieces of effective data were extracted， involving 67 ancient traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） books. The results showed that the name， composition， and decocting methods of Sinisan in later generations were inherited from the original record in the Treatise on Cold Damage. The original plants of medicinal materials used in Sinisan are basically clear. We recommend Bupleuri Radix as the dried root of Bupleurem scorzonerifolium， Paeoniae Radix Alba as the dried root of Paeonia lactiflora， Aurantii Fructus as the dried fruit of Citrus aurantium， Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma as the dry root and rhizome of Glycyrrhiza uralensis. Raw materials of Bupleuri Radix and Paeoniae Radix Alba， Aurantii Fructus stir-fried with bran， and stir-fried Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma should be used for preparation of Sinisan. According to measurement system in the Han Dynasty， a bag of Sinisan is composed of 1.25 g Bupleuri Radix， 1.25 g Paeoniae Radix Alba， 1.25 g Aurantii Fructus， and 1.25 g Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma. The materials should be grounded into coarse powder and taken with a proper amount of rice soup， 3 times a day. Sinisan has the effects of regulating qi movement and harmonizing the liver and spleen. It can be used for treating reversal cold in limbs and cold damage. In modern clinical practice， Sinisan can be used to treat chronic gastritis， irritable bowel syndrome， and dyspepsia. The above research results provide scientific reference for the future research and development of Sinisan.

Houpo Sanwutang， included in the Catalogue of Ancient Classical Prescriptions （Second Batch）， was first recorded in the Synopsis of Golden Chamber written by ZHANG Zhongjing from the Eastern Han dynasty and was modified by successive generations of medical experts. A total of 37 pieces of effective data involving 37 ancient Chinese medical books were retrieved from different databases. Through literature mining， statistical analysis， and data processing， combined with modern articles， this study employed bibliometrics to investigate the historical origin， composition， decoction methods， clinical application， and other key information. The results showed that the medicinal origin of Houpo Sanwutang was clearly documented in classic books. Based on the conversion of the measurements from the Han Dynasty， it is recommended that 110.4 g Magnolia Officinalis Cortex， 55.2 g Rhei Radix et Rhizoma， and 72 g Aurantii Fructus Immaturus should be taken. Magnolia Officinalis Cortex and Aurantii Fructus Immaturus should be decocted with 2 400 mL water first， and 1 000 mL should be taken from the decocted liquid. Following this， Rhei Radix et Rhizoma should be added for further decoction， and then 600 mL should be taken from the decocted liquid. A single dose of administration is 200 mL， and the medication can be stopped when patients restore smooth bowel movement. Houpo Sanwutang has the effect of moving Qi， relieving stuffiness and fullness， removing food stagnation， and regulating bowels. It can be used in treating abdominal distending pain， guarding， constipation， and other diseases with the pathogenesis of stagnated heat and stagnated Qi in the stomach. The above results provide reference for the future development and research of Houpo Sanwutang.

Yinchenhao Tang has definite clinical efficacy. It has been inherited and documented since the ancestor of Shanghanlun in the Eastern Han dynasty and is a classical formulas for clearing away heat， promoting diuresis， and eliminating jaundice adopted by medical experts of successive generations. It has been included in the Catalogue of Ancient Classical Formulas （the Second Batch of Han Medicine） published by the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine （TCM） in 2023. By means of bibliometrics， 801 pieces of ancient literature data related to Yinchenhao Tang were collected， and 36 pieces of effective data were selected， involving 36 ancient books of TCM. The origin， name， composition， efficacy， formula and meaning analysis， drug origin， dosage， preparation method and usage， indications， and modern clinical application of Yinchenhao Tang were analyzed. It was suggested that the modern dosage and application of Yinchenhao Tang should be as follows： The 82.8 g of Artemisiae Scopariae Herba， 12.6 g of Gardeniae Fructus， and 27.2 g of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma. The formulas was prepared by firstly adding 2 400 mL of water into Artemisiae Scopariae Herba and boiling it to about 1 200 mL， then adding Gardeniae Fructus and Rhei Radix et Rhizoma to boil it for 600 mL， and removing the residue. It could be orally taken for 200 mL each time in warm conditions， three times a day. Yinchenhao Tang has the effect of clearing away heat， promoting diuresis， and eliminating jaundice， and it mainly treats symptoms of hygropyretic jaundice. In the formulas， Yinchenhao Tang is the monarch drug， which is mainly to remove dampness and jaundice. Gardeniae Fructus is the ministerial drug， which is mainly responsible for clearing the triple energizer and facilitating urination. Rhei Radix et Rhizoma is an adjuvant， mainly responsible for clearing away heat and eliminating jaundice. The modern application of this formulas involves the hepatobiliary system， skin system， endocrine system， digestive system， etc.， and it has more advantages in treating jaundice， icteric hepatitis， and hepatitis B. In this study， the ancient literature related to Yinchenhao Tang was sorted out to determine its key information， so as to provide a scientific reference for clinical application of classic formulas and new drug development.

Objective To investigate the effects of total flavones from Oxytropis falcata Bunge on hepatic fibrosis(HF)induced by carbon tetrachloride and liver transforming growth factor(TGF-β)/Smad signaling pathway.Methods Forty-eight male rats were randomly divided into normal group(intraperitoneal injection of peanut oil,intragastric administration of 0.9％NaCl),model group(intraperitoneal injection of 40％CC14 peanut oil solution induced HF model,intragastric administration of 0.9％NaCl),positive control group(modeling,intragastric administration of 0.2 mg·kg-1 of colchicine),experimental-L,-M,-H groups(modeling,intragastric administration of 100,200 and 400 mg·kg-1 of total flavonoid extract of Oxytropis falcata Bunge),8 individuals in each group,for 4 consecutive weeks.The histopathological changes were observed by hematoxylin-eosin and Masson staining.Serum liver function and liver fibrosis were measured;erum inflammatory factors were detected;fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR)was used to determine gene expression in liver.Results The pathological injury of liver tissue in the model group was serious,and a large number of inflammatory factors and collagen fibers were accumulated,while the rest of the treatment groups had different degrees of remission.In normal group,model group,positive control group,experimental-L,-M,-H groups,glutamic-pyruvic transaminase levels were(49.28±12.44),(5 885.42±948.37),(4 454.60±489.27),(4 650.47±843.53),(3 761.75±887.30)and(3 544.90±1 066.75)μg·L-1;glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase levels were(186.90±46.89),(5 936.23±793.81),(3 971.37±780.28),(4 360.30±863.35),(3 943.10±439.47)and(3 971.38±631.08)μg·L-1;hyaluronic acid levels were(45.08±17.16),(104.32±36.06),(66.83±20.09),(70.30±21.07),(60.00±9.68)and(59.02±10.73)μg·L-1;laminin levels were(23.13±3.89),(60.85±13.66),(35.67±9.92),(39.98±9.39),(36.55±12.21)and(34.68±24.83)μg·L-1;type Ⅲ procollagen level were(24.98±5.34),(82.58±30.14),(40.70±16.14),(51.08±23.21),(43.60±12.48)and(44.20±11.66)p±g·L-1;interleukin(IL)-1β levels were(37.63±1.24),(46.10±3.23),(39.22±2.36),(41.33±0.93),(40.25±2.04)and(39.18±2.23)pg·mL-1;tumor necrosis factor-α levels were(314.58±20.56),(383.71±16.97),(349.00±7.93),(348.88±25.11),(325.75±27.84)and(335.07±21.33)pg·mL-1;TGF-β1 mRNA expression of relative quantity respectively were 1.00±0.00,60.99±15.70,9.61±1.59,7.37±1.09,6.41±0.64,6.87±1.09;Smad7 mRNA relative expression were 1.00±0.00,0.34±0.05,0.21±0.03,0.35±0.02,0.38±0.02,0.42±0.03.The above indexes in the model group were compared with the normal group,and the above indexes in the experimental-M,-H groups were compared with the model group,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05,P＜0.01,P＜0.001).Conclusion Total flavonoids of Oxytropis falcata Bunge have protective effects on CC14-induced liver fibrosis in rats,and the mechanism may be related to the regulation of TGF-β/Smad pathway.

Purpose::To identify the potential target genes of blast lung injury (BLI) for the diagnosis and treatment.Methods::This is an experimental study. The BLI models in rats and goats were established by conducting a fuel-air explosive power test in an unobstructed environment, which was subsequently validated through hematoxylin-eosin staining. Transcriptome sequencing was performed on lung tissues from both goats and rats. Differentially expressed genes were identified using the criteria of q ≤ 0.05 and |log 2 fold change| ≥ 1. Following that, enrichment analyses were conducted for gene ontology and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways. The potential target genes were further confirmed through quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Results::Observations through microscopy unveiled the presence of reddish edema fluid, erythrocytes, and instances of focal or patchy bleeding within the alveolar cavity. Transcriptome sequencing analysis identified a total of 83 differentially expressed genes in both rats and goats. Notably, 49 genes exhibited a consistent expression pattern, with 38 genes displaying up-regulation and 11 genes demonstrating down-regulation. Enrichment analysis highlighted the potential involvement of the interleukin-17 signaling pathway and vascular smooth muscle contraction pathway in the underlying mechanism of BLI. Furthermore, the experimental findings in both goats and rats demonstrated a strong association between BLI and several key genes, including anterior gradient 2, ankyrin repeat domain 65, bactericidal/permeability-increasing fold containing family A member 1, bactericidal/permeability-increasing fold containing family B member 1, and keratin 4, which exhibited up-regulation.Conclusions::Anterior gradient 2, ankyrin repeat domain 65, bactericidal/permeability-increasing fold containing family A member 1, bactericidal/permeability-increasing fold containing family B member 1, and keratin 4 hold potential as target genes for the prognosis, diagnosis, and treatment of BLI.

Objective:To explore the effect of simulated gas of thermobaric bomb charge explosion on cognitive function and the related mechanism of damage.Methods:In January 2022, thirty-two SPF rats were selected and randomly divided into control group, exposed group 1, 2 and 3 (the exposure time of the simulated gas of the explosion of the thermobaric bomb charge was 5 min, 10 min and 15 min, respectively) according to random number table method, with 8 rats in each group. The simulated gas of the explosion of the thermobaric bomb charge were CO 0.15%, CO 2 3%, NO 0.1%, O 2 15%, and the rest were N 2. After 30 days of exposure, water maze was used to detect the learning and memory function of rats. Golgi staining was used to observe the number distribution and morphological structure of hippocampal neurons in rats. Western blot was used to detect the expression of Tau-5, pSer262, pSer396, pThr181 and pThr231 proteins in rats. Repeated measure ANOVA was used to compare the design data of repeated measure, one-way ANOVA was used for multi-group mean comparison, and LSD method was used for pound-wise comparison. Results:There were significant differences in the results of repeated measurement ANOVA of the water maze localization navigation test ( F=80.98, P<0.001), and there was an interaction between the group and the training days ( F=2.16, P=0.022). There were significant differences in escape latency of rats at the 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th days among all groups ( P<0.05). The results of spatial exploration showed that the frequency of rats crossing the platform was significantly different among all groups ( F=4.49, P=0.011). The frequency of rats crossing the platform in exposed group 2 and exposed group 3 was lower than that in control group, and the frequency of rats crossing the platform in exposed group 3 was lower than that in exposed group 1 ( P<0.05). With the increase of exposure time, the number of hippocampal neurons decreased, and the dendrite spine density of neurons in CA1 region decreased ( P<0.05). Compared with the control group, there was no significant difference in the relative expression level of Tau-5 protein in all exposed groups ( P>0.05), but the expression level of pSer262 protein was significantly increased ( P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the protein expressions of pSer396, pThr181 and pThr231 in exposed group 2 and exposed group 3 were significantly increased ( P<0.05) . Conclusion:The simulated gas of the explosion of the thermobaric bomb charge may contribute to the development of cognitive dysfunction by damaging hippocampal neurons with aberrant phosphorylation of Tau proteins.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the protective effect proanthocyanidin B2(PC-B2) on oxidative damage and apoptosis of mouse astrocytes(AS) induced by hydrogen peroxide(H2O2) and its mechanism. METHODS AS were isolated and cultured from neonatal C57BL/6 mice(1−3 d). The optimal concentration of H2O2 and PC-B2 was divided into four groups: normal group, normal+PC-B2 group(100 μg·mL‒1 PC-B2 treated for 24 h), H2O2 model group(200 μmol·L‒1 H2O2 treated for 24 h), PC-B2 group(200 μmol·L‒1 H2O2 and 100 μg·mL‒1 PC-B2 treated for 24 h). The cell viability of each group was detected by CCK-8 method. Cytotoxicity was detected by LDH method. The antioxidant capacity was detected by ABTS and DPPH. The content of MDA and the activity of SOD, CAT and GSH-Px were detected by ELISA kit. Detection of apoptosis in each group was done by TUNEL staining. The mRNA and protein expression levels of Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase-3, Akt/Stat3, p-Akt, p-Stat3 and Nrf2/HO-1 in AS were detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively. RESULTS PC-B2 could significantly enhance cell viability and inhibit AS apoptosis. Compared with the H2O2 model group, PC-B2 intervention could significantly reduce the content of LDH and MDA in AS, and increase the activity of SOD, CAT and GSH-Px. PC-B2 intervention could inhibit the mRNA and protein expression of Bax and Caspase-3, and up-regulate the mRNA and protein expression of Akt/Stat3, Bcl-2, Nrf2/HO-1. CONCLUSION PC-B2 can enhance the antioxidant capacity of AS through Akt/Stat3 and Nrf2/HO-1 pathways, therefore reduce H2O2-induced AS oxidative damage and apoptosis.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of nootkatone(NKT)in mitigating depression-like behavior caused by blast traumatic brain injury(TBI).Methods The rat bTBI depression-like model was established by simulating the shock wave parameters of blast overpressure(BOP of 60 kPa,90 kPa,and 120 kPa)with a biological shock wave tube.After 14 days of exposure,we evaluated the depression-like behavior of rats using the tail suspension test and forced swimming test.We identified that the BOP(120 kPa)condition caused the most noticeable depressive behavior and used this condition for subsequent experiments.Thirty male SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group,bTBI group(BOP of 120 kPa),and bTBI+NKT group[at 1 d after exposure to BOP of 120 kPa,giving NKT 10 mg/(kg·d)orally for 14 days],10 in each group.After 14 days of exposure,the depression-like behavior of rats was evaluated by tail suspension test and forced swimming test.The expression levels of protein kinase A(PKA),phosphorylated cyclic adenosine monophosphate effector binding protein(pCREB),and brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)in the hippocampus of rat were determined by Western blotting.Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the generation of proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA)-labeled neurons in the hippocampal dentate gyrus(DG).Results BOP of 90 kPa can cause depression-like in rats and BOP of 120 kPa can cause the most noticeable depressive behavior(P<0.05).Therefore,we selected the BOP exposure of 120 kPa for subsequent experiments.After 14 days of BOP exposure,compared with sham operation group,the immobility time of tad suspension test in bTBI group was prolonged(P<0.05),the latency of for ced swimming test was shortened,the immobility time was prolonged(P<0.05),the expression levels of PKA,pCREB and BDNF protein in hippocampus were lowered(P<0.05),and the number of PCNA-labeled neurons in hippocampal DG area was reduced(P<0.05);compared with the bTBI group,the immobility time of tail suspension test in bTBI+NKT group was shortened(P<0.05),the latency of forced swimming test was prolonged,the immobility time was shortened(P<0.05),the expression levels of PKA,pCREB and BDNF protein in hippocampus were increased(P<0.05),and the number of PCNA-labeled neurons in hippocampal DG area was increased(P<0.05).Conclusions Early treatment with NKT can improve depression-like behavior in mild bTBI rats.The mechanism may be related to the up-regulation of the PKA-CREB-BDNF signaling pathway and increased expression levels of pCREB and BDNF in the hippocampus,which results in increased neuron numbers in the DG region of the hippocampus.

Objective To construct percutaneous vertebroplasty for predicting osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures(OVCFs)nomogram of residual back pain(RBP)after percutaneous vertebroplasty(PVP).Methods Clinical data of 245 OVCFs patients who were performed PVP from January 2020 to December 2022 were retrospectively analyzed,including 47 males and 198 females,aged from 65 to 77 years old with an average of(71.47±9.03)years old,and were divided into RBP group and non-RBP group according to whether RBP occurred.Gender,age,comorbidities,fracture stage,body mass index(BMI),bone mineral density(BMD),visual analogue scale(VAS),Oswestry disability index(ODI)and other general infor-mation were collected;anterior vertebral height(AVH),anterior vertebral height ratio(AVH),anterior vertebral height ratio(AVHR),Cobb angle,intravertebral vacuum cleft(IVC),thoracolumbar fascia(TLF)injury,paravertebral muscle steatosis,injection volume and leakage of bone cement,bone cement dispersion pattern,anterior vertebral height recovery ratio(AVHRR),Cobb angle changes,etc.imaging parameters before operation and 24 h after operation were collected.Univariate analysis was performed to analysis above factors,and multivariate Logistic regression model was used to investigate indepen-dent risk factors for postoperative RBP,and Nomogram model was constructed and verified;receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve and calibration curve were used to determine predictive performance and accuracy of the model,and Hosmer-Lemeshow(H-L)test was used for evaluation.The area under curve(AUC)of ROC was calculated,and Harrell consistency index(C index)was used to evaluate the predictive efficiency of model;decision curve analysis(DCA)was used to evaluate clinical practicability of model.Results There were 34 patients in RBP group and 211 patients in non-RBP group.There were no significant differences in gender,age,comorbidities,fracture stage,BMI,BMD,VAS,ODI,AVH,AVHR and Cobb angle be-tween two groups(P＞0.05).Univariate analysis showed 6 patients occurred IVC in RBP group and 13 patients in non-RBP,the number of IVC in RBP group was higher than that in non-RBP group(x2=5.400,P=0.020);6 patients occuured TLF injury in RBP group and 11 patients in non-RBP group,the number of TLF injury in RBP group was higher than that in non-RBP group(x2=7.011,P=0.008);In RBP group,18 patients with grade 3 to 4 paraptebral steatosis and 41 patients in non-RBP group,RBP group was higher than non-RBP group(x2=21.618,P＜0.001),and the proportion of bone cement mass in RBP group was higher than non-RBP group(x2=6.836,P=0.009).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed IVC(x2=4.974,P=0.025),TLF in-jury(x2=5.231,P=0.023),Goutallier grade of paravertebral steatosis＞2(x2=15.124,P＜0.001)and proportion of bone cement(x 2=4.168,P=0.038)were independent risk factors for RBP after PVP.ROC curve of model showed AUC of original model was 0.816[OR=2.862,95％CI(0.776,0.894),P＜0.001].The internal verification of model through 200 bootstrap samples showed the value of C index was 0.936,and calibration curve showed predicted probability curve was close to actual probability curve.H-L goodness of fit test results were x2=5.796,P=0.670.DCA analysis results showed the decision curve was above None line and All line when the threshold value ranged from 6％to 71％.Conclusion IVC,TLF combined injury,paravertebral muscle steatosis with Goutallier grade＞2,and bone cement diffusion with mass type are independent risk factors for RBP after PVP.The risk prediction model for RBP after PVP established has good predictive performance and good clinical practicability.

Aim To explore the protective effect of an-thocyanin B2(PCB2)on hydrogen peroxide(H2O2)induced oxidative damage and apoptosis in human oli-godendrocytes(MO3.13)and the underlying mecha-nism.Methods The optimal concentration of H2O2 and PCB2 for action was screened,and divided into normal group,PCB2 group(100 mg·L-1 PCB2 treat-ment for 24 hours),H2 O2 model group(500 μmol·L-1 H2O2 treatment for 24 hours),and H2O2+PCB2 group(500 μmol·L-1 H2O2 and 100 mg·L-1 PCB2 co-treated for 24 hours).FRAP method was used to detect the antioxidant capacity of PCB2;CCK-8 meth-od was used to detect the survival rate of cells in each group,while LDH method was used to assess cytotoxic-ity.Microenzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and ELISA were used to examine the levels of LDH,NO,H2O2,as well as the activities of CAT and SOD in each group of cells.Immunofluorescence and Western blot were used to detect the protein expression levels of NRF2,xCT,HO-1,ferritin,and GPX4 in each group of cells.FerroOrange fluorescent probe was used to de-tect the intracellular content of ferrous ions(Fe2+).Results H2O2 could induce MO3.13 oxidative dam-age and lead to cell ferroptosis,while PCB2 could alle-viate MO3.13 oxidative damage and ferroptosis.Com-pared with the H2O2 model group,PCB2 intervention could significantly increase LDH content in MO3.13,reduce NO and H2O2 content,and improve SOD and CAT activity,and up-regulate the protein expression levels of NRF2,xCT,HO-1,ferritin,and GPX4.Conclusion PCB2 can enhance cellular antioxidant capacity and alleviate H2O2 induced MO3.13 oxidative damage through the NRF2/HO-1/xCT/GPX4 axis.