Metabolites produced as intermediaries or end-products of microbial metabolism provide crucial signals for health and diseases, such as metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). These metabolites include products of the bacterial metabolism of dietary substrates, modification of host molecules (such as bile acids [BAs], trimethylamine-N-oxide, and short-chain fatty acids), or products directly derived from bacteria. Recent studies have provided new insights into the association between MASLD and the risk of developing chronic kidney disease (CKD). Furthermore, alterations in microbiota composition and metabolite profiles, notably altered BAs, have been described in studies investigating the association between MASLD and the risk of CKD. This narrative review discusses alterations of specific classes of metabolites, BAs, fructose, vitamin D, and microbiota composition that may be implicated in the link between MASLD and CKD.

Metabolites produced as intermediaries or end-products of microbial metabolism provide crucial signals for health and diseases, such as metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). These metabolites include products of the bacterial metabolism of dietary substrates, modification of host molecules (such as bile acids [BAs], trimethylamine-N-oxide, and short-chain fatty acids), or products directly derived from bacteria. Recent studies have provided new insights into the association between MASLD and the risk of developing chronic kidney disease (CKD). Furthermore, alterations in microbiota composition and metabolite profiles, notably altered BAs, have been described in studies investigating the association between MASLD and the risk of CKD. This narrative review discusses alterations of specific classes of metabolites, BAs, fructose, vitamin D, and microbiota composition that may be implicated in the link between MASLD and CKD.

Metabolites produced as intermediaries or end-products of microbial metabolism provide crucial signals for health and diseases, such as metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). These metabolites include products of the bacterial metabolism of dietary substrates, modification of host molecules (such as bile acids [BAs], trimethylamine-N-oxide, and short-chain fatty acids), or products directly derived from bacteria. Recent studies have provided new insights into the association between MASLD and the risk of developing chronic kidney disease (CKD). Furthermore, alterations in microbiota composition and metabolite profiles, notably altered BAs, have been described in studies investigating the association between MASLD and the risk of CKD. This narrative review discusses alterations of specific classes of metabolites, BAs, fructose, vitamin D, and microbiota composition that may be implicated in the link between MASLD and CKD.

Objective: To analyze the trend of physical fitness of freshmen of Fujian Medical University from 2014 to 2022, so as to provide theoretical basis and reference for deepening the reform of physical education in medical colleges. Methods: Based on the physical examination and health monitoring data of 23 874 freshmen from Fujian Medical University during 2014 to 2022, Pearson correlation analysis and linear regression analysis were used to analyze the development trend of physical health of freshmen over the past 9 years. Results: From 2014 to 2022, there was an upward trend in height, weight, body mass index (BMI), and lung capacity among firstyear male students, firstyear girls showed an upward trend in height, weight, BMI, lung capacity, standing long jump, sitting forward bending, sit ups, and 800 meter run performance. From the perspective of effect size d and explanatory rate r2, male lung capacity (d=0.60) showed a moderate effect, while the lung capacity (d=0.81) and sit ups (d=1.01) of female students showed a moderate effect,and sitting forward flexion (d=0.57) showed a large effect (P<0.01). Conclusions Physical form level of freshmen have steadily improved during 2014 to 2022. Female students show a more clear increasing trend in standing long jump, sitting forward bending, sit ups, and 800 meter run.

Objective:To systematically review the non-surgical and minimally invasive treatment techniques for diabetic foot ulcers, in order to provide evidence-based medical reference for orthopedic surgeons in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers.Methods:Chinese and English databases such as PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang and VIP were used to search the literature related to non-surgical and minimally invasive treatment of diabetic foot ulcers. The retrieval time was set to September 2023. The key words were Diabetic Foot Ulcer, Minimally Invasive Surgical Treatment, Non-surgical Treatment. According to the research type of the included literature, the quality of the included literature was evaluated by selecting corresponding tools. The outcome measures mainly included treatment response rate, amputation rate, mortality rate and other measures related to treatment effect. The Medical Literature King software was used to screen literatures and extract relevant data for systematic review.Results:In this study, 20 articles were included. There were 15 studies from China, 2 studies from Egypt, 2 study from the United States, and 1 study from Sweden. There were 16 high quality literatures and 4 low quality literatures. Among them, there were five non-surgical treatment techniques of diabetic foot ulcers, including customized diabetic foot insoles, autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) , Chinese medicine treatment, external dressing therapy, and vacuum sealing drainage (VSD) technology. There were two minimally invasive treatment techniques for diabetic foot ulcer, including vascular intervention technology and periosteal distraction technology. The plastic surgeon should choose the appropriate treatment technique according to the specific situation of the patient with DFUs. Diabetes custom insoles were mainly used in the treatment of patients with recurrent DFUs or Wagner grade 0. For DFUs patients with Wagner grade 1 and above, the effect of PRP, VSD and vascular intervention techniques were more significant. Traditional Chinese medicine also showed significant result in the treatment of DFUs patients with Wagner grade 1 and above. Topical dressing treatment was often used for daily dressing change of DFUs to promote wound healing. Periosteal distraction technique was less invasive and had significant therapeutic effect on severe DFUs.Conclusions:Non-surgical and minimally invasive techniques are effective in the treatment of DFUs. Plastic surgeons should master and reasonably choose these non-surgical and minimally invasive treatment techniques for the treatment of patients with DFUs according to the patients＇conditions and medical conditions.

Objective:To systematically review the non-surgical and minimally invasive treatment techniques for diabetic foot ulcers(DFUs), in order to provide evidence-based medical reference for orthopedic surgeons in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers.Methods:Chinese and English databases such as PubMed, Embase, The Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang and VIP were utilized to search the literature related to non-surgical and minimally invasive treatment of diabetic foot ulcers. The retrieval time was set to September 2023. The key words were Diabetic Foot Ulcer, Minimally Invasive Surgical Treatment, Non-surgical Treatment. According to the research type of the included literature, the quality of the included literature was evaluated by selecting corresponding tools. The outcome measures mainly included treatment response rate, amputation rate, mortality rate and other measures related to treatment effect. The Medical Literature King software was used to screen literatures and extract relevant data for systematic review.Results:In this study, 20 articles were included. There were 15 studies from China, 2 studies from Egypt, 2 studies from the United States, and 1 study from Sweden. There were 16 high quality literatures and 4 low quality literatures. Among them, there were five non-surgical treatment techniques of diabetic foot ulcers, including customized diabetic foot insoles, autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP), Chinese medicine treatment, external dressing therapy, and vacuum sealing drainage (VSD) technology. There were two minimally invasive treatment techniques for diabetic foot ulcer, including vascular intervention technology and periosteal distraction technology. The plastic surgeon should choose the appropriate treatment technique according to the specific situation of the patient with DFUs. Diabetes custom insoles were mainly used in the treatment of patients with recurrent DFUs or Wagner grade 0. For DFUs patients with Wagner grade 1 and above, the effect of PRP, VSD and vascular intervention techniques were more significant. Traditional Chinese medicine also showed significant result in the treatment of DFUs patients with Wagner grade 1 and above. Topical dressing treatment was often used for daily dressing change of DFUs to promote wound healing. Periosteal distraction technique was less invasive and had significant therapeutic effect on severe DFUs.Conclusion:Non-surgical and minimally invasive techniques are effective in the treatment of DFUs. Plastic surgeons should master and reasonably choose these non-surgical and minimally invasive treatment techniques for the treatment of patients with DFUs based on the patients’ conditions and medical conditions.

The 19 th Chinese Symposium of Burns and Wounds was successfully held in Foshan of Guangdong Province from June 20 th to 22 nd in 2024. There were more than 700 delegates attending the academic event. The theme of the congress was expansion, integration and standardization, which could promote academic exchanges, multi-disciplinary fusion, and standardization of clinical treatment of burns and wounds. A total of nearly 200 famous experts and scholars had their speeches on the two-day keynote forum and special academic seminars including critical care, wound repair, scar prevention and treatment, rehabilitation nursing, and disciplinary integration sessions. The congress ended successfully with abundant fruits and friendship.

Endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase (ENGase) is widely distributed in various organisms. The first reported ENGase activity was detected in Diplococcus pneumoniae in 1971. The protein (Endo D) was purified and its peptide sequence was determined in 1974. Three ENGases (Endo F1-F3) were discovered in Flavobacterium meningosepticum from 1982 to 1993. After that, the activity was detected from different species of bacteria, yeast, fungal, plant, mice, human, etc. Multiple ENGases were detected in some species, such as Arabidopsis thaliana and Trichoderma atroviride. The first preliminary crystallographic analysis of ENGase was conducted in 1994. But to date, only a few ENGases structures have been obtained, and the structure of human ENGase is still missing. The currently identified ENGases were distributed in the GH18 or GH85 families in Carbohydrate-Active enZyme (CAZy) database. GH18 ENGase only has hydrolytic activity, but GH85 ENGase has both hydrolytic and transglycosylation activity. Although ENGases of the two families have similar (β/α)8-TIM barrel structures, the active sites are slightly different. ENGase is an effective tool for glycan detection andglycan editing. Biochemically, ENGase can specifically hydrolyze β‑1,4 glycosidic bond between the twoN-acetylglucosamines (GlcNAc) on core pentasaccharide presented on glycopeptides and/or glycoproteins. Different ENGases may have different substrate specificity. The hydrolysis products are oligosaccharide chains and a GlcNAc or glycopeptides or glycoproteins with a GlcNAc. Conditionally, it can use the two products to produce a new glycopeptides or glycoprotein. Although ENGase is a common presentation in cell, its biological function remains unclear. Accumulated evidences demonstrated that ENGase is a none essential gene for living and a key regulator for differentiation. No ENGase gene was detected in the genomes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and three other yeast species. Its expression was extremely low in lung. As glycoproteins are not produced by prokaryotic cells, a role for nutrition and/or microbial-host interaction was predicted for bacterium produced enzymes. In the embryonic lethality phenotype of the Ngly1-deficient mice can be partially rescued by Engase knockout, suggesting down regulation of Engase might be a solution for stress induced adaptation. Potential impacts of ENGase regulation on health and disease were presented. Rabeprazole, a drug used for stomach pain as a proton inhibitor, was identified as an inhibitor for ENGase. ENGases have been applied in vitro to produce antibodies with a designated glycan. The two step reactions were achieved by a pair of ENGase dominated for hydrolysis of substrate glycoprotein and synthesis of new glycoprotein with a free glycan of designed structure, respectively. In addition, ENGase was also been used in cell surface glycan editing. New application scenarios and new detection methods for glycobiological engineering are quickly opened up by the two functions of ENGase, especially in antibody remodeling and antibody drug conjugates. The discovery, distribution, structure property, enzymatic characteristics and recent researches in topical model organisms of ENGase were reviewed in this paper. Possible biological functions and mechanisms of ENGase, including differentiation, digestion of glycoproteins for nutrition and stress responding were hypothesised. In addition, the role of ENGase in glycan editing and synthetic biology was discussed. We hope this paper may provide insights for ENGase research and lay a solid foundation for applied and translational glycomics.

Objective To evaluate the teaching performance of the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)course for the first three grades of the"4+4"reform pilot class in clinical medicine at Peking Union Medical College.Methods An anonymous survey was conducted using Questionnaire Star and the responses from TCM Teaching Questionnaire completed by students were statistically analyzed and summarized.Results Most students expressed interest in TCM and deemed it necessary to study TCM course.They believed that teachers well prepared for teach-ing performance and the teaching content was well-aligned with the textbooks,syllabus,and lecture slides.The teaching content was closely integrated with clinical practice,and students were satisfied with the teaching methods and approaches.Conclusions Teaching evaluations help teachers to summarize their teaching experiences and im-prove the teaching quality of the TCM course.

Patients with severe trauma require an extremely timely treatment and transfusion plays an irreplaceable role in the emergency treatment of such patients. An increasing number of evidence-based medicinal evidences and clinical practices suggest that patients with severe traumatic bleeding benefit from early transfusion of low-titer group O whole blood or hemostatic resuscitation with red blood cells, plasma and platelet of a balanced ratio. However, the current domestic mode of blood supply cannot fully meet the requirements of timely and effective blood transfusion for emergency treatment of patients with severe trauma in clinical practice. In order to solve the key problems in blood supply and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma, Branch of Clinical Transfusion Medicine of Chinese Medical Association, Group for Trauma Emergency Care and Multiple Injuries of Trauma Branch of Chinese Medical Association, Young Scholar Group of Disaster Medicine Branch of Chinese Medical Association organized domestic experts of blood transfusion medicine and trauma treatment to jointly formulate Chinese expert consensus on blood support mode and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma patients ( version 2024). Based on the evidence-based medical evidence and Delphi method of expert consultation and voting, 10 recommendations were put forward from two aspects of blood support mode and transfusion strategies, aiming to provide a reference for transfusion resuscitation in the emergency treatment of severe trauma and further improve the success rate of treatment of patients with severe trauma.