italic>Platycodon grandiflorum (Jacq.) A. DC is one of the most commonly used bulk medicinal herbs. It has important value in the fields of medicine, food and cosmetics, and its market demand is increasing year by year, and it has a good development prospect. In this study, based on 403 distribution records and 8 environmental variables, we used Maxent model to predict the potential distribution of P. grandiflorum under climate change. The results showed that the model simulation effect was the best when the Maxent parameter was FC (feature combination) = LQPH (L: linear features; Q: quadratic features; P: product features; H: hinge features) and RM (regularization multiplier) = 2.1, AUC (area under curve) = 0.901, and the model prediction showed that P. grandiflorum was widely distributed in 28 provinces of China under the current climate conditions, with a suitable area of 2 337 419.98 km². Under the influence of climate change in the future, the area of suitable habitat of P. grandiflorum showed a decreasing trend, and the distribution center as a whole showed a trend of northward and eastward shift. The distribution area of P. grandiflorum in the three main producing areas is affected by climate change, and the overall trend is that the future suitable distribution area of Chifeng in Inner Mongolia increases, while the future suitable distribution area of Zibo in Shandong and Taihe, Bozhou in Anhui decreases or even disappears under the SSP5-8.5 scenario (shared socioeconomic pathways). It is suggested to maintain and protect the ecological environment and germplasm resources of the reserved area suitable for the growth of P. grandiflorum, and increase the cultivation research in the expansion area of P. grandiflorum, so as to lay a foundation for the subsequent expansion of P. grandiflorum planting and to promote the protection and sustainable development of P. grandiflorum resources.

Objective To reveal the characteristics of Tibetan human body composition in Gannan.Methods The body composition of 410 Tibetan adults(221 males and 189 females)in Gannan was measured by bioelectrical impedance method.The data were processed by SPSS 20.0 statistical software.Results Related analysis results showed that the total body muscle mass,estimated fat level and trunk muscle mass of the male decreased with age,while the percent body water,visceral fat level and percent trunk fat increased with age.The stature and left lower limb muscle mass of the female decreased with age,while body weight,percent body fat,body mass index,visceral fat level,percent right upper limb fat,right upper limb muscle mass,percent left upper limb,left upper limb muscle mass,percent right lower limb fat,percent left lower limb fat,left lower limb muscle mass and percent trunk fat increased with age.Analysis of single factor variance showed that there were statistically significant differences in the four indexes of male percent body water,visceral fat level,percent trunk fat and trunk muscle mass,while there were no statistically significant differences in the other 14 indexes among age groups.Females weight,stature,percent body fat,total body muscle mass,estimated fat level,body mass index,visceral fat level,percent right upper limb fat,right upper limb muscle mass,percent left upper limb fat,left upper limb muscle mass,percent right lower limb fat,percent left lower limb fat,left lower limb muscle mass,percent trunk fat,trunk muscle mass 16 index values were statistically significant differences between age groups,the remaining two index values were not statistically significant differences between age groups.The results of u test showed that the body weight,total body muscle mass,estimated fat level,percent body water,limb muscle mass and trunk muscle mass of males were higher than those of females,and percent body fat,limb fat rate,visceral fat rate and trunk fat rate of females were higher than those of males.According to the body mass index,Gannan Tibetan male and female were overweight;according to the percent body fat,Gannan Tibetan males were non-obesity and females were obesity.Conclusion The body mass index and overall fat content of Tibetan males and females in Gannan are relatively high among the 13 ethnic groups.

Objective To explore the common features of Chinese ethnic groups.Methods Eight body indexes of 62 ethnic groups in China were analyzed.Results The cluster analysis showed that 52 males and 59 females ethnic groups were grouped into the mixed group dominated by the northern ethnic group and the mixed group dominated by the southern ethnic group.Eight Han ethnic groups were grouped into each group,but no Han group was aggregated.The result of body index classification showed that the main body types of Chinese male population were long trunk,middle chest,wide shoulder,wide pelvis and middle leg.Middle body,wide chest,wide shoulder,wide pelvis and middle leg were the main body types of Chinese female population.This showed that the characteristics of Chinese ethnic groups had obvious consistency.The consistency of Chinese group features was related to its close origin.It should be said that Han nationality played an important role in the process of communication and integration of various ethnic groups in China.In the history of the Han nationality,there had been many large-scale population migration.The southern movement of the northern ethnic minorities into the northern Han and the southward movement of the northern Han into the south promoted the formation of the Southern Han,which made the southern Han and the northern Han had similar body features,and also promoted the southern ethnic minorities into the southern Han.In addition,the Han nationality who moved into minority areas also gradually integrated into minority areas.Conclusion There are obvious commonalities in Chinese ethnic groups.

Intracranial seminoma is a rare malignant tumor originating from the germ cells,usually occurring in the pineal gland or pituitary gland.In June 2020,the Department of Endocrinology at the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Military Medical University admitted a 20-year-old male patient with an intracranial germ cell tumor and spinal metastases.The patient presented with headache,dizziness,and visual impairment.Enhanced magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)of the head indicated thickening of the pituitary stalk.After multidisciplinary consultation,the patient underwent endonasal transsphenoidal resection of the tumor,with the pathological diagnosis confirming germ cell tumor.The patient received regular radiotherapy postoperatively.One year later,the tumor recurred and metastasized,leading to a second surgery for tumor resection in the thoracic spinal canal,followed by continued chemotherapy.The patient's clinical symptoms,such as headache and visual disturbances,improved,but he continued to experience panhypopituitarism and required long-term hormone replacement therapy.Early diagnosis of intracranial germ cell tumors is challenging,and they are prone to metastasis and highly sensitive to radiotherapy and chemotherapy.Early diagnosis and multidisciplinary comprehensive treatment can help improve the quality of life and prognosis for patients.

An integrated evaluation model based on the combination of traditional trait identification and modern chemical analysis was used for the identification of key indexes of grade classification and the establishment of grade quality standard of Lycium barbarum fruits (LBF) from Ningxia genuine producing area. Under the guidance of herbal examination and market survey, particle size, skin color and imperfection were taken as the external trait indicators; focusing on the comprehensiveness and validity of the quality evaluation, 2-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid (AA-2βG), zeaxanthin dipalmitate (ZD) and volatile ether extractives were used as important parameters involving in quality evaluation in addition to the pharmacopoeia test items and determination indicators such as moisture, ash, water-soluble extractives, Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP) and betaine. The quality differences between different traits and grades of LBF as well as the relevance between character and quality were further investigated by mathematical and statistical means such as t-test analysis, correlation analysis and principal component analysis (PCA). Furthermore, the activities of extractives from different grades of LBF were compared at cellular level. The results showed that LBF were mainly preferred for large and red ones; except for betaine, the other index components were relatively high (moisture and ash were low) in the first-grade and samples with bright-red skin color. Besides, there was a significant correlation between skin color and moisture, water-soluble extractives, LBP, AA-2βG and ZD contents. Considering the results of the study and the market situation, the present study took the grain size and skin color of LBF as the core of evaluation, and at the same time introduced the multi-indicator components including LBP, AA-2βG, ZD, water-soluble extractives and moisture to further guide the grading, and established the quality standard of LBF grades combining the trait indexes and the chemical composition. More importantly, in vitro cell models both preliminarily confirmed that the first-grade LBF played a more significant "nourishing liver and kidney" effect, which provided an experimental basis for the quality control of LBF and promoted the realization of high quality and good price.

Objective To investigate the inhibitory effects of Wumeiwan on oxidative stress injury of ulcerative colitis mice induced by dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)by regulating Kelch-like ECH related protein 1(Keap-1)-nuclear factor E2 related factor 2(Nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1(HO-1)signaling pathwayand.Methods Forty C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into five groups:normal group,model group,positive control group,experimental-L,-H groups.UC mice model were induced by free access to 2％DSS water.Mice in normal and model group were orally administered with 0.9％NaCl,mice in positive control group were orally treated with Mesalazine solution(0.005 g·10 g-1·d-1),while mice in experimental groups were orally administered with Wumeiwan decoction at the dose of 0.13 and 0.26 g·10 g-1·d-1,respectively.All the drugs were administered for consecutive 7 days,1 times a day.The levels of disease activity index(DAI)and the colon length were scored.The levels of superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT),cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2)and inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS)in colon tissue of mice were determined by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)method.The level of Keap-1,Nrf2,HO-1 proteins in colon tissue were determined by Western blot method.Results The levels of DAI of seventh day in normal group,positive control group,experimental-L,-H groups were 0、(2.62±0.33),(1.87±0.35),(1.87±0.35)and(1.58±0.35);the colon lengths were(8.16±0.47)、(5.98±0.24),(7.58±0.38),(7.33±0.24)and(7.48±0.51)cm;the SOD mRNA were 1.01±0.16、0.40±0.01,1.43±0.45,0.65±0.01 and 0.83±0.02;the CAT mRNA were 1.01±0.20、0.45±0.01,0.84±0.02,0.68±0.07 and 0.87±0.05;the COX-2 mRNA were 1.03±0.33、16.65±0.60,4.78±0.25,14.07±0.60 and 7.39±0.15;the iNOS mRNA were 1.04±0.40、20.71±0.66,8.09±0.93,15.44±0.68 and 11.66±0.06;the levels of Keap-1 were 1.22±0.16、1.10±0.05,1.18±0.05,1.94±0.08 and 1.17±0.08;the levels of Nrf2 were 1.12±0.16、0.76±0.15,0.65±0.13,0.70±0.16 and 0.82±0.18;the levels of HO-1 were 1.34±0.15、1.00±0.12,0.89±0.10,1.50±0.18 and 1.40±0.13,respectively.Significant difference was found between normal group and model group(P＜0.01,P＜0.05);significant difference was also found between the experimental-L,-H groups and model group(P＜0.01,P＜0.05).Conclusion Wumeiwan can inhibit oxidative stress in mice with UC,the mechanisms may be related to adjusted the expression of Keap-1-Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway protein in colon.

Objective To explore clinical effect of different intervertebral fusion devices(cage)in treating postoperative recurrent lumbar disc herniation(LDH).Methods One hundred and forty-two LDH patients with recurrence after simple in-tervertebral disc nucleus pulpoideectomy from January 2019 to January 2021 were retrospectively analyzed.All patients were treated with combined underchannel fixation and interbody fusion and divided into a single anatomical group,two-anatomical group and a single banana group according to types and numbers of implanted cage.There were 51 patients in a single anatom-ical group,included 29 males and 22 females,aged from 39 to 65 years old with an average of(53.74±5.68)years old;body mass index(BMI)ranged from 18.62 to 28.13 kg·m-2 with an average of(22.08±2.15)kg·m-2;the interval between operation and recurrence ranged from 0.5 to 4.0 years with an average of(2.7±0.8)years;5 patients with L3,4,35 patients with L4,5 and 11 patients with L5S1;a single anatomical cage was implanted.There were 46 patients in two-anatomical group,included 25 males and 21 females,aged from 37 to 66 years old with an average of(54.52±6.02)years old;BMI ranged from 18.25 to 28.44 kg· m-2 with an average of(21.74±1.83)kg·m-2;the interval between operation and recurrence ranged from 0.5 to 5.0 years with an average of(2.7±0.9)years;4 patients with L3,4,32 patients with L4,5 and 10 patients with L5S1;two-anatomical cages were im-planted.There were 45 patients in a single banana group,included 22 males and 23 females,aged from 38 to 65 years old with an average of(54.49±6.45)years old;BMI ranged from 18.85 to 28.20 kg·m-2with an average of(21.63±1.59)kg·m-2;the interval between operation and recurrence ranged from 0.5 to 5.0 years with an average of(2.6±1.0)years;3 patients with L3,4,36 patients with L4,5 and 16 patients with L5S1;a single banana cage was implanted.Operation time,intraoperative blood loss,incision length,postoperative incision drainage volume,hospital stay and complications among 3 groups were observed and compared.The height of intervertebral space before and after operation,curvature of lordosis and the postoperative interverte-bral fusion were compared.Visual analogue scale(VAS)and Oswestry disability index(ODI)were used to evaluate degree of lumbar pain and lumbar function before operation,1 and 6 months after operation,respectively.Results All patients among 3 groups were followed up at least 6 months,and no cases were fell out.There were no significant difference in operation time,in-traoperative blood loss,incision length,postoperative incision drainage volume and hospital stay among 3 groups(P＞0.05).At 6 months after operation,the height of intervertebral space in two-anatomical group and a single group were[(11.08±1.78)mm,(10.95±1.62)mm],curvature of lordosis were[(12.05±1.86)°,(11.63±1.57)°],which were higher than those in a sin-gle dissection group(10.14±1.54)mm,(10.92±1.45)°,and the difference were statistically significant(P＜0.05).The inter-body fusion rate between two-anatomical and a banana group(95.65％,95.56％)were higher than that in a single anatomical group(78.43％)at 6 months after operation(P＜0.05).VAS and ODI of lumbar among 3 groups were decreased at 1 and 6 months after operation(P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in complications among 3 groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion The three fusion devices could achieve significant results in treating postoperative recurrence of LDH,but the implantation of two-anatomical cage and a single banana cage are more helpful to maintain the height of intervertebral space and lordosis cur-vature of patients with postoperative recurrence of LDH,and obtain good intervertebral fusion results.

Osteoporosis is an important cause of internal fixation loosening after spinal surgery.Cement-augmented pedicle screw instru-mentation(CAPSI)technique is the most widely used technique in clinical practice to improve the stability of pedicle screw,mainly applied in osteoporosis and revision surgery,which included conventional solid pedicles crews and fenestrated/cannulated pedicle screws technique.CAPSI technique may cause cement leakage and pulmonary embolism,and there is no consensus on its indications or technical points.Therefore,this article reviews the research progress of CAPSI,in order to provide relevant reference for clinical practice.

This study was aimed at understanding the serotypes,virulence,drug resistance,and genetics of the pathogenic genes from 29 strains of foodborne Listeria monocytogenes in Guizhou Province in 2022.The minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC)values against eight antibiotics were determined with the microbroth dilution method,and whole genome sequencing was performed on 29 L.monocytogenes strains isolated from food microbiology and foodborne disease surveillance efforts in the province in 2022.The genome sequences were assembled,and bioinformatics analyses were conducted to examine genealogy,serogroups,sequence analysis(ST type),clonal groups(CC type),resistance genes,and virulence genes.A total of 29 strains of L.monocytogenes had resistance to zero to eight antibiotics,and carried six resistance genes.All strains of L.monocytogenes carried fosX,mprF,Lin,and norB.The 29 strains of L.monocytogenes belonged to 2 lineages(Ⅰ and Ⅱ):17 strains belonged to lineage Ⅱ,which was the dominant strain,and 12 strains belonged to lineage Ⅰ.The strains were classified into 13 ST types,among which ST8 was dominant,accounting for 31.03％(9/29 strains),and was followed by ST619 and ST121,accounting for three strains each.The strains were di-vided into four serogroups,with 15 strains in serogroups 1/2a and 3a;11 strains in serogroups 1/2b,3b,and 7;2 strains in serogroups 1/2c and 3c;and 1 strain in serogroups 4b,4d,and 4e.The strains were divided into 12 CC types,and one unsub-divided CC type,ST2348,among which CC8 was dominant,accounting for 27.59％(nine strains).A total of 25 virulence genes were found,which belonged to three virulence islands(LIPI-1,LIPI-2,and LIPI-3)and 23 CL types,including one or two strains each,and three CL types including two strains each.Foodborne L.monocytogenes in Guizhou Province has a low level of drug resistance,carries a high number of virulence genes,and shows genetic diversity in serogroups and molecular phe-notypes.These findings should strengthen the continuous surveillance efforts for Listeria monocytogenes.

Immunotherapy is an important breakthrough in canc-er treatment.Unfortunately,low drug concentration in tumor sites almost ineffectively initiates immune responses and thereby severely limits immune therapy applications in clinics.Nanoma-terials are well-recognized drug delivery system in cancer thera-py.Nanographene oxide(NGO)have shown immense perti-nence for anti-cancer drug delivery owing to their ultra-high sur-face area,chemical stability,good biocompatibility and excel-lent photosensitivity.In addition,functionalized modifications on the surface of NGO increase tumor targeting and minimize cy-totoxicity.This study focuses on reviewing the literature and up-dates on NGO in drug delivery and discussing the possibilities and challenges of NGO in cancer synergetic therapy.