Objective: To analyze the clinical epidemiological characteristics including composition of pathogens , clinical characteristics, and disease prognosis acute bacterial meningitis (ABM) in Chinese children. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical and laboratory data of 1 610 children <15 years of age with ABM in 33 tertiary hospitals in China from January 2019 to December 2020. Patients were divided into different groups according to age,<28 days group, 28 days to <3 months group, 3 months to <1 year group, 1-<5 years of age group, 5-<15 years of age group; etiology confirmed group and clinically diagnosed group according to etiology diagnosis. Non-numeric variables were analyzed with the Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test, while non-normal distrituction numeric variables were compared with nonparametric test. Results: Among 1 610 children with ABM, 955 were male and 650 were female (5 cases were not provided with gender information), and the age of onset was 1.5 (0.5, 5.5) months. There were 588 cases age from <28 days, 462 cases age from 28 days to <3 months, 302 cases age from 3 months to <1 year of age group, 156 cases in the 1-<5 years of age and 101 cases in the 5-<15 years of age. The detection rates were 38.8% (95/245) and 31.5% (70/222) of Escherichia coli and 27.8% (68/245) and 35.1% (78/222) of Streptococcus agalactiae in infants younger than 28 days of age and 28 days to 3 months of age; the detection rates of Streptococcus pneumonia, Escherichia coli, and Streptococcus agalactiae were 34.3% (61/178), 14.0% (25/178) and 13.5% (24/178) in the 3 months of age to <1 year of age group; the dominant pathogens were Streptococcus pneumoniae and the detection rate were 67.9% (74/109) and 44.4% (16/36) in the 1-<5 years of age and 5-<15 years of age . There were 9.7% (19/195) strains of Escherichia coli producing ultra-broad-spectrum β-lactamases. The positive rates of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) culture and blood culture were 32.2% (515/1 598) and 25.0% (400/1 598), while 38.2% (126/330)and 25.3% (21/83) in CSF metagenomics next generation sequencing and Streptococcus pneumoniae antigen detection. There were 4.3% (32/790) cases of which CSF white blood cell counts were normal in etiology confirmed group. Among 1 610 children with ABM, main intracranial imaging complications were subdural effusion and (or) empyema in 349 cases (21.7%), hydrocephalus in 233 cases (14.5%), brain abscess in 178 cases (11.1%), and other cerebrovascular diseases, including encephalomalacia, cerebral infarction, and encephalatrophy, in 174 cases (10.8%). Among the 166 cases (10.3%) with unfavorable outcome, 32 cases (2.0%) died among whom 24 cases died before 1 year of age, and 37 cases (2.3%) had recurrence among whom 25 cases had recurrence within 3 weeks. The incidences of subdural effusion and (or) empyema, brain abscess and ependymitis in the etiology confirmed group were significantly higher than those in the clinically diagnosed group (26.2% (207/790) vs. 17.3% (142/820), 13.0% (103/790) vs. 9.1% (75/820), 4.6% (36/790) vs. 2.7% (22/820), χ²=18.71, 6.20, 4.07, all P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in the unfavorable outcomes, mortility, and recurrence between these 2 groups (all P>0.05). Conclusions: The onset age of ABM in children is usually within 1 year of age, especially <3 months. The common pathogens in infants <3 months of age are Escherichia coli and Streptococcus agalactiae, and the dominant pathogen in infant ≥3 months is Streptococcus pneumoniae. Subdural effusion and (or) empyema and hydrocephalus are common complications. ABM should not be excluded even if CSF white blood cell counts is within normal range. Standardized bacteriological examination should be paid more attention to increase the pathogenic detection rate. Non-culture CSF detection methods may facilitate the pathogenic diagnosis.
Adolescent ; Brain Abscess ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Escherichia coli ; Female ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Meningitis, Bacterial/epidemiology* ; Retrospective Studies ; Streptococcus agalactiae ; Streptococcus pneumoniae ; Subdural Effusion ; beta-Lactamases

Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most powerful and professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) known at present. They play vital roles in the initiation and regulation of immune responses in body. Therefore, DC-based vaccine delivery system has gradually become a hotspot of basic scientific research and clinical treatment. DCs can be loaded with whole-cell antigens, nucleic acids, peptides, proteins (such as neoantigens) and nanoparticles to induce specific cellular immune responses and humoral immune responses after antigen processing, presentation and targeting delivery in vivo for the prevention and treatment of various diseases including cancers and microorganism infections. Vaccine-based on this technique is called dendritic cell (DC) vaccines. Great process in DC vaccines has been achieved in recent years. Therefore, we reviewed the characteristics of DC, types of DC vaccines and their clinical research progress in this paper.

AIM To establish the HPLC fingerprints of Kangfuxin Liquid (extract of Periplaneta americana L.) and to determine the contents of six constituents.METHODS The analysis of this drug was performed on a TOSOH TSK-GEL ODS column (250 mm × 4.6 mm,5 μm),with the mobile phase comprising of acetonitrile-water (containing 0.07％ acetic acid) flowing at 1.0 mL/min in a gradient elution manner,and the detection wavelength was set at 280 nm.RESULTS There were twenty-four common peaks in the fingerprints of ten batches of samples (Ⅰ-Ⅹ) with the similarities of 0.932-0.993 (except for sample Ⅰ).Uracil,hypoxanthine,xanthine,inosine,protocatechuic acid and Cyclo (Gly-Tyr) showed good linear relationships within the ranges of 3.460-173.0,3.960-198.0,3.596-179.8,1.338-66.9,3.672-183.6 and 3.552-177.6 μg/mL,whose average recoveries (RSDS) were99.8％ (2.65％),98.0％ (2.55％),99.7％ (1.59％),100.7％ (2.80％),102.0％ (2.09％) and 99.6％ (1.88％),respectively.CONCLUSION This accurate,stable and simple method can be used for the quality control of Kangfuxin Liquid.

OBJECTIVETo study the chemical constituents contained in ethanol extracts from aerial parts of Emilia sonchifolia.

METHODThe compounds were separated and purified with various chromatographic techniques, and their structures were identified on the basis of physicochemical properties and spectral data.

RESULTFifteen compounds were separated from ethyl acetate fraction of 90% ethanolic extract and identified as rhamnetin (1), isorhamnetin (2), quercetin (3), luteolin (4), tricin-7-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (5), 8-(2"-pyrrolidinone-5"-yl) -quercetin (6), 5, -2', 6'-trihydroxy-7, 8-dimethoxyflavone-2'-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (7), succinic acid (8), fumaric acid (9), p-hydroxybenzoic acid (10), 4-hydroxy isophthalic acid (11), 3, 4-dihydroxycinnamic acid (12), esculetin (13), isowedelolactone (14) and uracil (15), respectively.

CONCLUSIONAll compounds except compound 3 were separated from this genus for the first time.

Asteraceae ; chemistry ; Plant Extracts ; analysis

Objective To study the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) characteristics of Yersinia pestis strains from different natural foci in China.Methods Genome-wide comparison was done to find SNP sites by the Mummer program among 9 Yersinia pestis genome which was downloaded from NCBI.Then 13 genic fragments including 19 SNP sites were amplified by PCR and sequenced in 133 Yersinia pestis strains,and the results were cluster analyzed with the BioNumerics software.Results Three thousand seven hundred and eighty sequence variation sites were found by genome-wide comparison.Using the different combinations of SNP sites,UPGMA cluster analysis revealed obvious geographic regional and eco-aggregation characteristics of Yersinia pestis strains isolated from China.Conclusions As relatively stable genetic markers,SNP can better reflect the genome characteristics of Yersinia pestis in different plague natural foci of China.

OBJECTIVEWith the extremity soft tissue sarcoma close to neurovascular bundle, combined en bloc resection and brachytherapy or simple en bloc resection were performed to evaluate the treatment outcome of the combined en bloc resection and brachytherapy.

METHODSRetrospectively investigation was performed for the extremity soft tissue sarcoma close to neurovascular bundle between 2000 and 2009. Inclusion criteria were primary extremity soft tissue sarcoma, MRI showed that the reaction zone involved the main neurovascular bundle, and the reaction zone closed less than 1 cm to the main neurovascular bundle. 86 cases were included in the study. There were 41 men and 45 women. The average age was 38.5 years old (Range from 15 to 73). There were malignant fibrous histiocytoma, synovial sarcoma, fibrosarcoma, liposarcoma, clear cell sarcoma, epithelioid sarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma and vascular sarcoma etc. The stage were IA (8), IIA (12), IIB (10), IIC (7), III (43) and IV (6).

RESULTSDuring an average follow-up of 53 months (range 24 - 102 months), the distant metastasis rate 32.56% (28/86) and the lymph node metastasis rate was 6.98% (6/86). The local recurrence rates was 13.95% (12/86). In the group of combined en bloc resection and brachytherapy with 38 cases, the local recurrence rates was 5.26% (2/38). Four cases had wound infection and six cases had wound delay healing. The MSTS functional score was 21.11 ± 1.79. In the group of simple en bloc resection with 48 cases, the local recurrence rates was 20.83% (10/48). One case had wound infection and four cases had wound delay healing. The MSTS functional score was 84.23% (26.11 ± 1.79). The local recurrence rates was significant different between.

CONCLUSIONWith the extremity soft tissue sarcoma close to neurovascular bundle, combined en bloc resection and brachytherapy could decrease the local recurrence rate.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Brachytherapy ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Retrospective Studies ; Sarcoma ; radiotherapy ; surgery ; Soft Tissue Neoplasms ; radiotherapy ; surgery ; Young Adult

Adult ; Chronic Disease ; Female ; Humans ; Placenta ; pathology ; Placenta Diseases ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Pregnancy

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the efficacy, toxicity and survival of intraoperative 125I brachytherapy combined with chemotherapy for advanced pancreatic cancer.

METHODSThirty-six patients with advanced pancreatic cancer were randomized to two groups: brachy-chemotherapy group (n = 18) and control group (n = 18). For the combined group, intraoperative 125I implantation and gemcitabine, 5-Fu were given. For the control group, intratumoral injection of absolute alcohol was done.

RESULTSThe CR + PR rate of brachy-chemotherapy group was 38.9% with pain relief in 77.8%, while that of control group was 0 with pain relief in 22.2% (P < 0.05). Although there were some toxicity in brachy-chemotherapy group, treatment was well tolerated. The 6-, 12-month survival rates of brachy-chemotherapy group were 71.4% and 21.4% and those of control group were 38.5% and 7.7%, respectively. The median survival time was 10.6 months and 5.2 months for the two groups, between which the difference was significant (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONInteroperative 125I brachytherapy combined with chemotherapy for advanced pancreatic cancer can control tumor, relieve pain and improve quality of life. It is safe and effective.

Aged ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; therapeutic use ; Brachytherapy ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Deoxycytidine ; administration & dosage ; analogs & derivatives ; Female ; Fluorouracil ; administration & dosage ; Humans ; Intraoperative Period ; Iodine Radioisotopes ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Pancreatic Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; surgery ; therapy ; Quality of Life ; Survival Rate

AIMTo look for new active constituents from the aerial part of Cimicifuga foetida L.

METHODSVarious column chromatographic techniques were used for the isolation and purification of the principles. The structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral data and chemical evidences.

RESULTSFive 9,19-cycloartane triterpenoid saponins and one sitosterol saponin were obtained and identified as cimifoetiside I [12 beta-hydroxycimigenol-3-O-beta-D-galactoyranoside, (1)], cimifoetiside II [(23R,24R) cimigenol-3-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside, (2)], cimigenol-3-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside (3), 12 beta-hydroxycimigenol-3-O-beta-D-xylopyranoside (4), 12 beta-hydroxycimigenol-3-O-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside (5), daucosterol (6).

CONCLUSIONCompounds 1 and 2 are new and compounds 4 and 5 were isolated from this plant for the first time.

Cimicifuga ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Molecular Structure ; Plant Components, Aerial ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Sitosterols ; chemistry ; isolation & purification

OBJECTIVETo find new active constituents from the aerial part of Cimicifuga foetida.

METHODVarious column chromatographic techniques were used for the isolation and purification of the principles. The structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral data and chemical evidences.

RESULTFour 9,19-cycloartane triterpenoid saponins were obtained and identified as Cimifoetiside III (25-anhydrocimigenol-3-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside, 1), 25-O-acetyl-cimigenol xylopyranoside (2), 25-O-acetyl-cimigenol galactopyranoside (3), 7 beta-hydrocimigenol xylopyranoside (4).

CONCLUSIONCompound 1 is new and compound 4 was isolated from this plant for the first time.

Cimicifuga ; chemistry ; Galactosides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Lanosterol ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Molecular Structure ; Plant Components, Aerial ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Saponins ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Triterpenes ; chemistry ; isolation & purification