With the widespread use of antibiotics, drug-resistant bacterial infections have become a significant threat to human health. Finding new antibacterial strategies that can effectively control drug-resistant bacterial infections has become an urgent task. Unlike small molecule drugs that target bacterial proteins, antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) can target genes related to bacterial resistance, pathogenesis, growth, reproduction and biofilm formation. By regulating the expression of these genes, ASO can inhibit or kill bacteria, providing a novel approach for the development of antibacterial drugs. To overcome the challenge of delivering antisense oligonucleotide into bacterial cells, various drug delivery systems have been applied in this field, including cell-penetrating peptides, lipid nanoparticles and inorganic nanoparticles, which have injected new momentum into the development of antisense oligonucleotide in the antibacterial realm. This review summarizes the current development of small nucleic acid drugs, the antibacterial mechanisms, targets, sequences and delivery vectors of antisense oligonucleotide, providing a reference for the research and development of antisense oligonucleotide in the treatment of bacterial infections.

This study investigated the effect of different carrier materials on the in vitro properties of progesterone solid dispersions. The solid dispersions of the insoluble drug progesterone were prepared by hot melt extrusion technique using rheological properties as the index of investigation, and the in vitro properties of the solid dispersions were characterized. Scanning electron microscope revealed solid dispersions with rough surfaces and agglomerated microstructures into irregular lumpy particles. Differential scanning calorimetry and powder X-ray diffraction showed the change of progesterone crystalline form in solid dispersions from crystalline to amorphous state. In vitro dissolution studies showed that solid dispersions prepared with different carrier materials can effectively improve the dissolution rate of drugs. The results of the study showed that the type of carrier material had a significant effect on the in vitro properties of solid dispersions, providing a reference for the study of solid dispersions in the controlled release of insoluble drugs.

Needle-free injection technology (NFIT) refers to the drug delivery systems in which drugs are propelled as high-speed jet streams using any of the pressure source to penetrate the skin to the required depth. NFIT is a promising drug delivery system as it enables the injection of liquids, powders, and depot/projectiles, and has the advantages of preventing needle stick accidents, improving drug bioavailability, eliminating needle-phobia, increasing vaccine immunity, simplifying operations and is convenient for patients to use. NFIT and its research background, the structure and classification of needle-free jet injectors (NFJI), drugs that can be delivered using NFJI and the factors affecting the injection effect are comprehensively reviewed in this paper. The limitations and potential development directions are summarized to provide a theoretical basis for the application and development of NFIT.

Objective To analyze the problems existing in the homogenization management of multi-branch hospitals based on the annual performance assessment data,and provide reference for promoting the high-quality development of public hospital branch districts.Methods Based on the Performance Assessment Operation Manual of National Tertiary Public Hospitals(2022 edition),10 indicators including the proportion of discharged patients undergoing surgery and the proportion of fourth-level surgery were screened,and the functional positioning,quality and safety,revenue and expenditure structure,and cost control of 4 hospitals of a certain medical institution from 2022 to 2023 were descriptively analyzed.Results The CMI value and the proportion of discharged surgery in the main hospital were significantly better than those in the branch hospitals,and there was no significant difference in the medical quality indicators of the four hospitals,and the operation efficiency of the branch hospital with outstanding specialty characteristics was better than that of other hospitals.Conclusion Public hospitals pay more attention to the"big specialty,small comprehensive"mode in the layout of branch districts,pay more attention to the quality control management at the specialty level in medical quality management,and strengthen the benefit analysis of different hospitals in the same specialty in operation management.

Objective To analyze the problems existing in the homogenization management of multi-branch hospitals based on the annual performance assessment data,and provide reference for promoting the high-quality development of public hospital branch districts.Methods Based on the Performance Assessment Operation Manual of National Tertiary Public Hospitals(2022 edition),10 indicators including the proportion of discharged patients undergoing surgery and the proportion of fourth-level surgery were screened,and the functional positioning,quality and safety,revenue and expenditure structure,and cost control of 4 hospitals of a certain medical institution from 2022 to 2023 were descriptively analyzed.Results The CMI value and the proportion of discharged surgery in the main hospital were significantly better than those in the branch hospitals,and there was no significant difference in the medical quality indicators of the four hospitals,and the operation efficiency of the branch hospital with outstanding specialty characteristics was better than that of other hospitals.Conclusion Public hospitals pay more attention to the"big specialty,small comprehensive"mode in the layout of branch districts,pay more attention to the quality control management at the specialty level in medical quality management,and strengthen the benefit analysis of different hospitals in the same specialty in operation management.

Objective To investigate the effects of rhynchophylline on methamphetamine-dependent SH-SY5Y cells model and microRNA-375-3p(miR-375-3p)/embryonic lethal abnormal vision drosophila-like 4(Elavl4)expression.Methods A methamphetamine-dependent cell model by maximum safe dose induction was established.The cells were divided into normal group(complete culture medium),control group(complete culture medium+400 μmol·L-1 rhynchophylline incubated for 48 h),model group(complete culture medium+100 μmnol·L-1 methamphetamine incubated for 48 h)and experimental group(complete culture medium+400 μmol·L-1 rhynchophylline incubated for 15 min,then 100 μmol·L-1 methamphetamine incubated for 48 h).The cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP)and 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT)expression were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),miR-375-3p expression was detected by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR),and Elavl4 expression was detected by Western blot.Results The cAMP expression levels of normal group,control group,model group and experimental group were(6.33±0.93),(6.57±1.12),(10.89±1.03)and(7.81±1.32)pmol·mg-1;5-HT were(682.46±17.32),(690.31±15.09),(510.11±27.67)and(649.99±21.42)pg·mL-1;miR-375-3p expression were 1.00±0.13,1.13±0.24,3.48±0.18 and 1.58±0.19;Elavl4 expression were 1.00±0.05,0.89±0.10,0.50±0.09 and 0.90±0.11,respectively.The differences between above indicators in model group and normal group were statistically significant(P＜0.01,P＜0.05);the differences between above indicators in experimental group and model group were statistically significant(P＜0.01,P＜0.05).Conclusion This study preliminarily established a methamphetamine-dependent cell model,and also found that rhynchophylline may regulate miR-375-3p/Elavl4 expression to antagonize methamphetamine addiction.

Objective To investigate the potential mechanism of baicalin in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis rats.Methods Sixty rats were randomly divided into blank control group,sham operation group,model group(using freund's complete adjuvant to construct the model),experimental-L group(20 mg·kg-1 baicalin),experimental-H group(40 mg·kg-1 baicalin)and Y-27632 group(5 mg·kg-1 Rho kinase inhibitor Y-27632).Each group 10 rats.After 4 weeks of continuous treatment,joint swelling was detected and Lequesne MG score was assessed.Joint fluid and cartilage tissues were collected.Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to observe the pathological changes of rat cartilage.The expression levels of interleukin-6(IL-6)and tumor necrosis factor-β(TNF-β)in joint fluid were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Expression levels of Ras homologous gene family member A(RhoA),Rho-associated protein kinase 1(ROCK1)and Rho-associated protein kinase 2(ROCK2)mRNA were detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR).The protein expression levels of RhoA,ROCK1 and ROCK2 in cartilage were detected by Western blot.Results The knee diameters of blank control group,sham operation group,model group,experimental-L group,experimental-H group and Y-27632 group were(9.88±0.34),(9.96±0.31),(13.54±0.70),(13.35±0.54),(11.89±0.37)and(11.67±0.41)mm;IL-6 levels were(19.82±1.78),(20.69±1.84),(83.26±4.45),(83.62±4.71),(42.30±2.98)and(38.44±2.53)pg·mL-1;TNF-β levels were(8.86±1.41),(9.45±1.37),(33.71±2.63),(34.14±2.83),(23.71±1.93)and(20.85±1.69)pg·mL-1;RhoA mRNA expression levels were 1.00±0.13,1.04±0.11,1.69±0.26,1.64±0.20,1.24±0.18 and 1.14±0.17;ROCK1 mRNA expression levels were 1.00±0.15,1.02±0.12,1.48±0.19,1.53±0.21,1.21±0.17 and 1.16±0.18;ROCK2 mRNA expression levels were 1.00±0.14,1.06±0.11,1.41±0.20,1.43±0.18,1.18±0.17 and 1.15±0.16;model group was compared with sham operation group,experimental-H group was compared with model group or experimental-L group,Y-27632 was group compared with model group or experimental-L group,the differences of the above indexes were statistically significant(all P＜0.05).Conclusion Baicalin may reduce the inflammatory response of knee osteoarthritis rats by inhibiting RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway.

Objective:The epidemiological characteristics of tuberculosis deaths among Chinese residents from 2006 to 2021 were analyzed, and the tuberculosis mortality rate from 2022 to 2027 was predicted to provide a reference for tuberculosis prevention and control in China.Methods:The data set of tuberculosis deaths from 2006 to 2021 was published regularly by the China CDC, and the crude mortality rate (CMR) and age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR) were calculated according to the population structure of China in 2000. The distribution characteristics of age, sex, region, and time of tuberculosis deaths were analyzed, the Joinpoint regression analysis model was used to analyze the changing trend, and the grey model was applied to predict CMR and ASMR from 2022 to 2027.Results:From 2006 to 2021, the CMR and ASMR of tuberculosis showed a downward trend among males and females, urban and rural areas, and all age groups, in a word, all the Chinese residents. Except for the age group ≥85 years old, the mortality trend was insignificant. In the eastern, central, or western regions. CMR and ASMR were significantly higher in males than in females.CMR and ASMR were significantly lower in urban areas than in rural areas. In general, active tuberculosis patients present a higher mortality rate. The CMR and ASMR in the western region were higher than those in the eastern and central regions and lower in the eastern region than in the central region, but the differences were less obvious. The ASMR of the eastern cities was lower than that of the central and western regions, and the ASMR of the central cities was higher than that of the western region from 2006 to 2009 and 2012 and lower than that of the western region in other years. The ASMR in the western countryside was higher than that in the eastern and central regions and lower in the eastern part than in the central region, but the difference was not obvious. The grey model prediction results show that the CMR (/100 000) of Chinese residents from 2022 to 2027 is 1.585, 1.471, 1.360, 1.250, 1.143, and 1.038, and the ASMR (/100 000) is 0.779, 0.653, 0.531, 0.411, 0.295 and 0.181, respectively.Conclusions:The CMR and ASMR of tuberculosis will continue to decline, and extraordinary achievements have been made in tuberculosis prevention and control in Chinese residents from 2006 to 2021 and, presumably, from 2022 to 2027. However, tuberculosis screening and treatment programs in the western region, men, the elderly population, and rural areas should be further strengthened, and targeted prevention and control measures should be formulated to reduce mortality.

Objective To discuss the feasibility,safety and surgical effect of the modified Prolene thread double-headed needle"U-shaped"suture combined with extra-and intracavity combination knotting method in thoracoscopic diaphragm plication in the treatment of diaphragmatic eventration in infants.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical data of 70 infants who underwent thoracoscopic diaphragm plication in the treatment of diaphragmatic eventration in our hospital from May 2010 to May 2022.According to the different methods of suturing and knotting,the patients were divided into the improved group(modified Prolene thread double-headed needle"U-shaped"suture combined with extra-and intracavity combination knotting method,n =30)and the conventional group(intracavity suture knotting method,n = 40).The perioperative indicators,as well as whether there was knot loosening or recurrence of diaphragmatic eventration,were compared between the two groups.Results All the 70 operations were performed safely and successfully,without conversion to open surgery.The operation time in the improved group was significantly less than that in the conventional group[(35.3±7.4)min vs.(64.7±10.8)min,t =13.521,P =0.000].There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of intraoperative bleeding volume,indwelling time of thoracic drainage tube,postoperative hospital stay,preoperative,intraoperative,and postoperative pH values,PO2,and PCO2 in arterial blood gas,and postoperative slight diaphragm elevation(P>0.05).All the 70 cases were followed up for 6-24 months postoperatively,with a median follow-up time of 12 months,having no knot loosening or recurrence of diaphragmatic eventration.No death was reported.Conclusions The modified Prolene thread double-headed needle"U-shaped"suture combined with extra-and intracavity combination knotting method in thoracoscopic diaphragm plication in the treatment of diaphragmatic eventration in infants is safe,feasible,effective,and easy to operate.Doctors with a certain endoscopic surgery experience can master it quickly,which is suitable for promotion in qualified hospitals.

Objective To investigate the effect of respiratory training based on core stability training on feedforward control in pa-tients with chronic nonspecific low back pain(CNLBP). Methods A total of 60 patients with CNLBP in Jiaxing Second Hospital from January,2022 to March,2023 were ran-domly divided into control group(n=30)and experimental group(n=30).Both groups received health educa-tion,physical factor therapy and core stability training,while the experimental group received respiratory training in addition,for four weeks.Visual Analogue Scale(VAS)score,Japanese Orthopaedic Association low back pain(JOA)score and Oswestry Dysfunction Index(ODI)were compared between two groups before and after treat-ment,while surface electromyography was used to detect the root mean square(RMS)and integrated electromy-ography(iEMG)of transversus abdominis,multifidus and triceps(movement muscles),and the activation se-quence and relative activation time of transversus abdominis,multifidus and triceps were calculated. Results After treatment,the scores of VAS,JOA and ODI improved significantly in both groups(|t|>8.515,P<0.001),and the scores were better in the experimental group than in the control group(|t|>2.089,P<0.05).RMS and iEMG of transversus abdominis and multifidus improved significantly after treatment in both groups(|t|>18.831,P<0.001),and were significantly better in the experimental group(|t|>3.481,P<0.05).The transversus abdominis and multifidus in both groups were activated before the movement muscles,and the relative activation time of transversus abdominis and multifidus increased in negative(|t|>48.115,P<0.001),the experimental group being better(|t|>3.229,P<0.05). Conclusion Combination of core stability training and respiratory training is beneficial in reducing the pain of patients with CNLBP,reducing the lumbar dysfunction,improving the order of muscle activation,and strengthening feed-forward control.