Objective To understand the surveillance situation of poliovirus in Guangzhou from 2011 to 2024, and to further strengthen polio surveillance and ensure the continued maintenance of a polio-free status. Methods An analysis was conducted on the discovery and investigation results of six cases of vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) detected in Guangzhou. Results A total of 6 VDPV incidents were reported in Guangzhou from 2011 to June 2024, among which 5 incidents were from sewage sample testing in the Liede Sewage Treatment Plant in Guangzhou, all of which were confirmed as VDPV, with 1 for type I, 1 for type II, and 3 for type III. In addition, one confirmed HFMD case was identified as a type VDPV II carrier. No presence of any wild poliovirus (WPV), VDPV cases, or circulating VDPV (cVDPV) was reported. Conclusion Guangzhou City has maintained a high level of vigilance and effectiveness in the monitoring and prevention of polio. Continuously strengthening the construction of the polio monitoring network, optimizing vaccination strategies, and comprehensively improving public health awareness are still the focus of the prevention and control work in the future.

Ferroptosis, a programmed cell death modality discovered and defined in the last decade, is primarily induced by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation. At present, it has been found that ferroptosis is involved in various physiological functions such as immune regulation, growth and development, aging, and tumor suppression. Especially its role in tumor biology has attracted extensive attention and research. Breast cancer is one of the most common female tumors, characterized by high heterogeneity and complex genetic background. Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a special type of breast cancer, which lacks conventional breast cancer treatment targets and is prone to drug resistance to existing chemotherapy drugs and has a low cure rate after progression and metastasis. There is an urgent need to find new targets or develop new drugs. With the increase of studies on promoting ferroptosis in breast cancer, it has gradually attracted attention as a treatment strategy for breast cancer. Some studies have found that certain compounds and natural products can act on TNBC, promote their ferroptosis, inhibit cancer cells proliferation, enhance sensitivity to radiotherapy, and improve resistance to chemotherapy drugs. To promote the study of ferroptosis in TNBC, this article summarized and reviewed the compounds and natural products that induce ferroptosis in TNBC and their mechanisms of action. We started with the exploration of the pathways of ferroptosis, with particular attention to the System X_c^--cystine-GPX4 pathway and iron metabolism. Then, a series of compounds, including sulfasalazine (SAS), metformin, and statins, were described in terms of how they interact with cells to deplete glutathione (GSH), thereby inhibiting the activity of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and preventing the production of lipid peroxidases. The disruption of the cellular defense against oxidative stress ultimately results in the death of TNBC cells. We have also our focus to the realm of natural products, exploring the therapeutic potential of traditional Chinese medicine extracts for TNBC. These herbal extracts exhibit multi-target effects and good safety, and have shown promising capabilities in inducing ferroptosis in TNBC cells. We believe that further exploration and characterization of these natural compounds could lead to the development of a new generation of cancer therapeutics. In addition to traditional chemotherapy, we discussed the role of drug delivery systems in enhancing the efficacy and reducing the toxicity of ferroptosis inducers. Nanoparticles such as exosomes and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) can improve the solubility and bioavailability of these compounds, thereby expanding their therapeutic potential while minimizing systemic side effects. Although preclinical data on ferroptosis inducers are relatively robust, their translation into clinical practice remains in its early stages. We also emphasize the urgent need for more in-depth and comprehensive research to understand the complex mechanisms of ferroptosis in TNBC. This is crucial for the rational design and development of clinical trials, as well as for leveraging ferroptosis to improve patient outcomes. Hoping the above summarize and review could provide references for the research and development of lead compounds for the treatment for TNBC.

The traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） myocardial infarction （MI） unit is a standardized， regulated， and continuous integrated care unit guided by TCM theory and built upon existing chest pain centers or emergency care units. This unit emphasizes multidisciplinary collaboration and forms a restructured clinical entity without altering current departmental settings， offering comprehensive diagnostic and therapeutic services with full participation of TCM in the treatment of MI. Its core medical model is patient-centered and disease-focused， providing horizontally integrated TCM-based care across multiple specialties and vertically constructing a full-cycle treatment unit for MI， delivering prevention， treatment， and rehabilitation during the acute， stable， and recovery phases. Additionally， the unit establishes a TCM-featured education and prevention mechanism for MI to guide patients in proactive health management， reduce the incidence of myocardial infarction， and improve quality of life.

Objective: To investigate the mediating role of children s sleep quality in the association between mother-child relationship and the executive function of preschool children, providing a reference for promoting the development of the executive function of preschool children. Methods: A stratified cluster sampling method was used to select 842 preschoolers from 12 kindergartens in Wuhu City, Anhui Province in December 2021 as the subjects of the first follow up study with follow up every six months thereafter. Finally, 746 children were included in the study after 3 follow up. Spearman correlation analysis was used to explore the associations among mother-child relationship, sleep quality and executive function in preschool children. Bootstrap program and PROCESS software were applied to test the mediating effect of sleep quality in the association between mother-child relationship and the executive function of preschool children. Results: Conflictual mother-child relationship was positively correlated with the total score of executive function, as well as scores of inhibitory, shifting, emotional control, working memory, and organizational planning ( r=0.40, 0.37, 0.36, 0.41, 0.38 , 0.34, all P <0.05). Dependent mother-child relationship was positively correlated with the total score of executive function, as well as scores of inhibitory, shifting, emotional control, working memory , and organizational planning ( r=0.23, 0.20, 0.21, 0.22 , 0.22, 0.19, all P <0.05). Sleep quality was positively correlated with the total executive function score ( r=0.27, P <0.01). After adjusting for confounding factors, sleep quality played a partial mediating role in the associations between dependent and conflictual mother-child relationships and executive function, the mediating effects were 19.40% and 11.22% respectively. Conclusions Sleep quality plays a mediating role in the association between mother-child relationship and the executive function of preschool children. Improving sleep quality in the early stage can promote the executive function of preschool children.

Objective: To analyze the relationship between the risk of tuberculosis outbreaks in schools and the visit interval of index cases, so as to provide a scientific reference for predicting the risks of tuberculosis outbreak and making preventive measures. Methods: A total of 630 index cases from school tuberculosis outbreaks were studied during January, 2015 to December, 2022. Data on demographics, consultation history, etiological diagnosis, and methods of detection were collected. Restricted Cubic Splines (RCS), unconditional Logistic regression, and the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve) were used for analysis. Results: The RCS fitted curve showed that the risk of a tuberculosis outbreak linearly increased when the consultation interval for etiologically negative patients exceeded 5.79 days, or for etiologically positive patients exceeded 8.37 days. After multi factor adjustment, for every additional day in the visit interval of the index case, the odds ratio ( OR ) value for a high risk outbreak was 1.10 (95% CI =1.07-1.13)( P <0.05). When analyzed by tertiles of visit intervals, compared to an interval of <14 days, the OR values (95% CI ) for high risk outbreaks in schools with intervals of 14-<28 days and ≥28 days were 10.32(3.04-35.10) and 82.58( 28.42 -239.95), respectively( P <0.01), indicating a trend of increasing outbreak risk with longer visit intervals. Based on the ROC curve analysis, the optimal threshold for predicting a high risk school tuberculosis outbreak was 23.5 days, with an area under the curve ( AUC ) of 0.93 (95% CI =0.89-0.98). Conclusion An extended visit interval of index cases is a good early warning indicator for high risk tuberculosis outbreaks in schools and could be considered a key factor in early intervention and risk control strategies.

ObjectiveTo preliminarily confirm the effective anti-lung cancer sites of Momordicae Semen and Epimedii Folium and study their mechanism of action. MethodOn the basis of preliminary research， the extraction method of Momordicae Semen and Epimedii Folium was optimized and the effective parts were screened under the guidance of pharmacological effects. Different ethanol elution and water elution sites of Momordicae Semen and Epimedii Folium were obtained through adsorption and elution with D101 macroporous resin. The methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide （MTT） colorimetric assay was used to detect the effects of total drug extracts and different elution sites on the proliferation of various tumor cell lines， and to screen for the optimal elution site and tumor sensitive strains. Flow cytometry was used to detect the effect of the elution sites of Momordicae Semen and Epimedii Folium on intracellular reactive oxygen species （ROS） and apoptosis in A549 cells. Western blot was used to compare the expressions of tumor protein 53 （p53）， Bcl-2-associated X protein （Bax）， cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-3 and 9 （Caspase-3 and Caspase-9） proteins in A549 cells. ResultThe inhibitory effect of Momordicae Semen on the proliferation of A549 cells was better than the kernel of Momordicae Semen， with 50% inhibitory concentration （IC₅₀） being （86.83±2.88） mg·L^-1 and （95.10±18.13） mg·L^-1， respectively. The effect of total extracts of Epimedii Folium on A549 anti proliferation IC₅₀ value was （4.71±0.81） mg·L^-1. The IC₅₀ values of the 40%， 60%， and 80% ethanol and anhydrous ethanol eluted macroporous resins of the total extracts of Momordicae Semen and Epimedii Folium inhibiting A549 proliferation were （45.32±4.38）、 （14.95±0.73）、 （17.07±1.76）、 （14.46±2.35）、 （51.7±2.26）、 （12.37±0.67）、 （20.29±0.93）、 and （3.43±0.91） mg·L^-1， respectively. Compared with the normal group， the 1∶1 combination of Momordicae Semen and Epimedii Folium inhibited A549 cell proliferation in a time-dependent and concentration-dependent manner. Compared with the normal group， 50 mg·L^-1 of the combination of Momordicae Semen and Epimedii Folium significantly increased intracellular ROS expression （P<0.01）. Compared with the normal group， 12.5， 25， 50 mg·L^-1 of the combination of Momordicae Semen and Epimedii Folium significantly increased the expression of A549 cell apoptosis （P<0.01）. Compared with the normal group， 25， 50 mg·L^-1 of the combination of Momordicae Semen and Epimedii Folium significantly increased the expression of p53 in A549 cells （P<0.01）. Compared with the normal group， 12.5， 25， 50 mg·L^-1 of the combination of Momordicae Semen and Epimedii Folium significantly increased the expression of Bax （P<0.01）. Compared with the normal group， 50 mg·L^-1 of the combination of Momordicae Semen and Epimedii Folium significantly reduced the expressions of Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 （P<0.01）. ConclusionThe anti-tumor effect of Momordicae Semen is better than that of the kernel of Momordicae Semen. The anti-tumor substances of Momordicae Semen and Epimedii Folium mainly concentrate in the 60% ethanol to anhydrous ethanol elution site. A549 cells are sensitive to the 1∶1 combination of Momordicae Semen and Epimedii Folium， which can effectively inhibit the cell proliferation. The mechanism may be related to increasing the generation of ROS in A549 cells， promoting their apoptosis， increasing the expressions of apoptotic proteins such as p53 and Bax， and reducing the expressions of Caspase-3 and Caspase-9.

【Objective】 To investigate the allele frequencies polymorphic distribution of Duffy, Kidd and Diego blood group systems in Dongxiang ethnic group in Gansu Province. 【Methods】 Blood samples of 100 unrelated blood donors were randomly selected from Dongxiang ethnic group in Gansu from January to December 2017. Allelic typing of Duffy, Kidd and Diego blood groups was performed by fluorescence PCR. 【Results】 The allele frequencies of Duffy, Kidd, and Diego blood group systems of Dongxiang ethnic group were 0.835 for Fy^*01, 0.165 for Fy^*02, 0.570 for Jk^*01, 0.430 for Jk^*02, 0.020 for DI^*01, 0.980 for DI^*02, respectively. No Fy(a-b-), Jk(a-b-), Di(a+b-) rare phenotypes were found. The antigen incompatibility rates of Fy^a/Fy^b, Jk^a/Jk^b, Di^a/Di^b of Duffy, Kidd, and Diego blood group systems were 23.76%, 37.01% and 3.84%, respectively. 【Conclusion】 The allele frequencies distribution of Duffy, Kidd and Diego blood group systems in Dongxiang ethnic group in Gansu were polymorphic and has unique ethnic distribution characteristics.

Objective To compare the efficacy and safety of empagliflozin and linagliptin in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)with heart failure(HF).Methods Patients with T2DM and HF were randomly into control group and treatment group.Both groups were treated with individualized anti-HF and metformin-based hypoglycemic therapy.On this basis,the control group was given linagliptin orally(5 mg each time,once a day),while the treatment group was given oral administration of empagliflozin 10 mg every day.Patients in both groups were treated continuously for 6 months.The clinical efficacy and blood glucose indicators[fasting blood glucose(FBG),2 h postprandial blood glucose(2 h PBG),hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c)],cardiac molecular markers[N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide(NT-proBNP),fibroblast growth factor 23(FGF23),copeptin(CPP)]and caridac function indicators[left ventricular end-diastolic diameter(LVEDD),left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF),left ventricular remodeling index(LVRI)]before and after treatment were compared,and the adverse drug reactions were recorded.Results There were 40 cases in treatment group and 40 cases in control group.After treatment,the total effective rates in treatment group and control group were 97.50％(39 cases/40 cases)and 80.00％(32 cases/40 cases),with no significant difference(P＜0.05).The FBG levels in treatment group and control group were(7.64±1.18)and(7.83±1.24)mmol·L-1;2 h PBG levels were(8.97±1.46)and(9.04±1.35)mmol·L-1;HbA1c levels were(7.58±1.27)％and(7.65±1.42)％,all with no significant difference(all P＞0.05).The NT-proBNP levels in treatment group and control group were(612.53±204.62)and(1 045.24±316.75)pg·mL-1;FGF23 levels were(362.74±62.61)and(493.27±74.64)μg·L-1;CPP levels were(12.58±3.43)and(16.87±4.36)pmol·L-1;LVEDD values were(51.19±2.36)and(53.35±2.24)mm;LVEF values were(52.69±3.38)％and(50.28±3.75)％;LVRI values were(2.62±0.29)and(2.96±0.33)kg·L-1,all with significant difference(all P＜0.05).The incidence rates of adverse reactions in treatment group and control group were 5.00％(2 cases/40 cases)and 10.00％(4 cases/40 cases),with no significant difference(P＞0.05).Conclusion Both empagliflozin and linagliptin can effectively reduce the blood glucose in patients with T2DM complicated with HF.Empagliflozin can better promote the improvement of cardiac function in patients without significantly increase the incidence of adverse drug reactions.

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and epidemic situation of children with Kashin-Beck disease (KBD) in China,and provide the basis for formulating prevention and control measures. Methods Fixed-point monitoring,moving-point monitoring,and full coverage of monitoring were promoted successively from 1990 to 2023. Some children (7-12 years old) underwent clinical and right-hand X-ray examinations every year. According to the KBD diagnosis criteria,clinical and X-ray assessments were used to confirm the diagnosis. Results In 1990,the national KBD detectable rate was 21.01％. X-ray detection decreased to below 10％ in 2003 and below 5％ in 2007. Between 2010 and 2018,the prevalence of KBD in children was less than 0.4％,which fluctuated at a low level,and has decreased to 0％ since 2019. Spatial epidemiological analysis indicated a spatial clustering of adult patients prevalence rate in the KBD areas. Conclusion The evaluation results of the elimination of KBD in China over the last 5 years showed that all villages in the monitored areas have reached the elimination standard. While the adult KBD patients still need for policy consideration and care.

Objective In this study,we analyzed the transcriptome sequences of Kupffer cells exposed to simulated microgravity for 3 d and conducted biological experiments to determine how microgravity initiates apoptosis in Kupffer cells. Methods Rotary cell culture system was used to construct a simulated microgravity model.GO and KEGG analyses were conducted using the DAVID database.GSEA was performed using the R language.The STRING database was used to conduct PPI analysis.qPCR was used to measure the IL1B,TNFA,CASP3,CASP9,and BCL2L11 mRNA expressions.Western Blotting was performed to detect the level of proteins CASP3 and CASP 9.Flow cytometry was used to detect apoptosis and mitochondrial membrane cells.Transmission electron microscopy was used to detect changes in the ultrastructure of Kupffer cells. Results Transcriptome Sequencing indicated that simulated microgravity affected apoptosis and the inflammatory state of Kupffer cells.Simulated microgravity improved the CASP3,CASP9,and BCL2L11 expressions in Kupffer cells.Annexin-V/PI and JC-1 assays showed that simulated microgravity promoted apoptosis in Kupffer cells.Simulated microgravity causes M1 polarization in Kupffer cells. Conclusion Our study found that simulated microgravity facilitated the apoptosis of Kupffer cells through the mitochondrial pathway and activated Kupffer cells into M1 polarization,which can secrete TNFA to promote apoptosis.