Objective To prepare mouse monoclonal antibodies against the ectodomain of E2 (E2ecto) glycoprotein of Western equine encephalitis virus (WEEV). Methods A prokaryotic expression plasmid pET-28a-WEEV E2ecto was constructed and transformed into BL21 (DE3) competent cells. E2ecto protein was expressed by IPTG induction and presented mainly as inclusion bodies. Then the purified E2ecto protein was prepared by denaturation, renaturation and ultrafiltration. BALB/c mice were immunized with the formulated E2ecto protein using QuickAntibody-Mouse5W as an adjuvant via intramuscular route, boosted once at an interval of 21 days. At 35 days post-immunization, mice with antibody titer above 1×10⁴ were inoculated with E2ecto intraperitoneally, and spleen cells were fused with SP2/0 cells three days later. Hybridoma cells secreting specific monoclonal antibodies were screened by the limited dilution method, and ascites were prepared after intraperitoneal inoculation of hybridoma cells. The subtypes and titers of the antibodies in ascites were assayed by ELISA. The biological activity of the mAb was identified by immunofluorescence assay(IFA) on BHK-21 cells which were transfected with eukaryotic expression plasmid pCAGGS-WEEV-CE3E2E1. The specificity of the antibodies were evaluated with E2ecto proteins from EEEV and VEEV. Results Purified WEEV E2ecto protein was successfully expressed and obtained. Four monoclonal antibodies, 3G6G10, 3D7G2, 3B9E8 and 3D5B7, were prepared, and their subtypes were IgG2c(κ), IgM(κ), IgM(κ) and IgG1(κ), respectively. The titers of ascites antibodies 3G6G10, 3B9E8 and 3D7G2 were 10⁵, and 3D5B7 reached 10⁷. None of the four antibody strains cross-reacted with other encephalitis alphavirus such as VEEV and EEEV. Conclusion Four strains of mouse mAb specifically binding WEEV E2ecto are successfully prepared.
Horses ; Animals ; Mice ; Encephalitis Virus, Western Equine ; Ascites ; Immunosuppressive Agents ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Immunoglobulin M

Objective To explore the value of vesical imaging reporting and data system(VI-RADS)combined with absolute tumor-wall contact length(ABTCL)and actual tumor-wall contact length(ACTCL)in diagnosing muscle invasive bladder cancer(MIBC).Methods The MRI data of 113 patients with pathologically confirmed bladder cancer(BCa)were analyzed retrospectively.All patients underwent conventional MRI,diffusion weighted imaging(DWI)and dynamic contrast enhanced(DCE)MRI before sur-gery.Two radiologists independently evaluated MRI images based on VI-RADS score,and measured quantitative parameters,inclu-ding ABTCL and ACTCL.The Chi-square test was used to compare the difference of VI-RADS scores between MIBC and non-mus-cle invasive bladder cancer(NMIBC).Quantitative parameters between MIBC and NMIBC were compared by Mann-Whitney U test.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic value of VI-RADS,quantitative parameters and VI-RADS combined with quantitative parameters in the diagnosis of MIBC.Results VI-RADS,ABTCL and ACTCL had significant differences between MIBC and NMIBC(P＜0.05).The area under the curve(AUC)for VI-RADS,ABTCL and ACTCL in diagno-sing MIBC were 0.89,0.76 and 0.77,respectively.There was no significant difference between the AUC for ABTCL and ACTCL(P＞0.05).The AUC for VI-RADS combined with ABTCL or ACTCL in diagnosing MIBC was 0.93,higher than that of only VI-RADS(P＜0.05).Conclusion The combination of VI-RADS with either ABTCL or ACTCL can effectively improve the diagnostic performance of MIBC.ABTCL obtainedby linear measurement is easier to implement in clinical practice than ACTCL obtained by curved measurement.

Objective:To establish the evaluation criteria for the quality of nursing care in orthopaedic trauma specialties, and to provide a basis for scientific evaluation of the quality of nursing care in orthopaedic trauma specialties.Methods:From February to October 2023, John Hopkinson evidence-based method was used to synthesize the evidence, clinical investigation and semi-structured interview were used to draw up the "quality standard of nursing care in orthopaedic trauma specialty", and two rounds of Delphi method of expert inquiry were used to screen, demonstrate and calibrate the evaluation standard of nursing quality in orthopaedic trauma specialty.Results:The questionnaire recovery rate of 2 rounds of expert consultation was 100.00%, the coefficient of familiarity and authority of 2 rounds of expert consultation were 0.92 and 0.93. Through 2 rounds of expert letter consultation, the quality evaluation criteria of orthopaedic trauma specialist care were established, including 3 first-level indicators (structural quality, process quality and outcome quality), 22 second-level indicators and 85 third-level indicators.Conclusions:The process of constructing the evaluation standard of nursing quality in orthopaedic trauma specialty is scientific and reliable, which can provide standard guidance for clinical practice and is conducive to the development of specialized nursing.

OBJECTIVE To establish a rapid method for determining of acid yellow 36 in moxibustion. METHODS Based on the principle of acid yellow 36 as an acid-base indicator and discoloration in the pH range of 1.2(red) to 2.3(yellow), 15% sulfuric acid solution was used as the color developing agent to screen the ethanol extract of the sample, and then HPLC method was used to verify the suspicious positive samples in the initial screening, and finally LC-MS method was used to confirm the accuracy of the established rapid physicochemical detection method. RESULTS The established method was applied to 67 batches of samples, and 3 positive samples were detected. The results were consistent with those of HPLC and LC-MS. CONCLUSION The method is accurate and sensitive, which can be used for rapid detection of acid yellow 36 in moxibustion.

Objective To observe the effects of total saponins of Trillium tschonoskii Maxim(TST)on vascular cognitive impairment(VCI),neurovascular units(NVUs),and neural circuit integrity in rats.Methods Forty-eight male Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were randomly divided into sham-operated group,model group,TST group(intragastric administration,100 mg/kg),and donepezil group(intragastric administration,0.45 mg/kg),and then subjected to ischemic stroke by 2-VO method(bilateral common carotid artery ligation)or sham surgery.After 28 days of intragastric administration,Mirros water maze test was performed to evaluate the spatial learning and memory abilities of rats in each group.HE and Nissl staining were used to observe the pathological changes of brain tissue in rats.The expression of synuclein(SYN)in rat hippocampus was observed by immunohistochemical staining.Changes in dendritic spines in rat's hippocampal neurons were observed by Golgi staining.Western blotting was used to detect the expression levels of IL-1β,IL-10,vascular endothelial growth factor A(VEGFA),postsynaptic density protein 95(PSD95),and growth associated protein 43(GAP43)in rat's hippocampus in each group.Results In Mirros water maze test,rats in model group showed significant prolonged escape latency(P＜0.05),and a significant reduction in the number of crossing platforms and the percentage of activity time in the target quadrant(P＜0.05)than those in sham-operated group;while rats in TST group and donepezil group showed significant shortened escape latency(P＜0.01),and significant increase of the number of times of crossing platforms and the percentage of activity time in the target quadrant(P＜0.05)than those in model group.Compared of sham-operated group,model group showed a decrease in the expression of SYN and the number of neurons,Nissl bodies,and dendritic spines in the CA1 region of the hippocampus(P＜0.05).Compared with model group,TST group and donepezil group showed an increase in the expression of SYN and the number of neurons,Nissl bodies,and dendritic spines in the CA1 region of the hippocampus(P＜0.05).Western blotting showed a significant increase in the expression of IL-1β and VEGF(P＜0.05),and a decrease in the expression of IL-10,PSD95,and GAP43(P＜0.01)in rat's hippocampus of model group than those in sham-operated group.Compared with model group,TST group and donepezil group showed a significant decrease in the expression of IL-1β(P＜0.05),and an increase in the expression of VEGFA,IL-10,and GAP43(P＜0.05).Conclusions TST could alleviate cognitive impairment through promoting synaptic plasticity and neurovascular unit remodeling in 2-VO model rats,suggesting its significance as a potential drug for apoplexy.

Objective To investigate the clinical features of hospitalized children with pertussis.Methods The clinical data of 87 hospitalized children with pertussis admitted to Women and Children's Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University from January 2019 to December 2022 were retrospectively analyzed.According to the age of the children,they were divided into group A(≤3 months of age,35 cases),group B(4-12 months of age,36 cases)and group C(>12 months of age,16 cases).The clinical features of children at different ages were compared.Results The majority of children with pertussis were<1 year old(81.61%),and August was the month of high incidence.Spastic cough(72.41%)was the main clinical manifestation.Other manifestations included redness or cyanosis,vomiting after coughing,crow echo,etc.There were statistically significant differences in the incidence of spastic cough,redness or cyanosis and the contact history of patients with chronic cough among three groups(P<0.05).There were significant differences in the incidence of pneumonia and the average length of hospital stay among three groups(P<0.05).There was significant difference in C-reactive protein level among three groups(P<0.05).Among 87 children with pertussis,37 cases(42.53%)were infected with other pathogens,among which virus infection was the most common.The treatment is effective with macrolides and compound sulfamethoxazole.Conclusion Pertussis is more common in infants under 1 year of age,and the incidence is high in August.Chronic cough patients with close contact may be the source of infection.Spastic cough is the main clinical symptom of children;the younger,the more common symptoms such as spastic cough,redness and cyanosis,the higher incidence of pneumonia and the longer hospital stay.

Objective To investigate the occurrence of adverse events of lurasidone in the U.S.Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System(FAERS)database by using Open Vigil FDA2.1,to enrich the experience and provide the basis for the clinical use of the drug in China.Methods Using Open Vigil FDA2.1,adverse event data were extracted from the FAERS database for a total of 51 quarters from the 4th quarter of 2010 to the 3rd quarter of 2023,and the ratio of reporting ratio(ROR)method and the proportional reporting ratio(PRR)method were used for data mining and analysis.Results A total of 32 728 adverse event reports with lurasidone as the first suspected drug was obtained,with a larger proportion of females(54.26％)and occurring mostly in adults(18 to 59 years).After the screening,326 preferred term(PT)signals were obtained,involving 20 system-organ classifications(injury,poisoning and procedural complications,general disorders and administration site conditions,psychiatric disorders,etc.).Among them,PTs with the higher frequency of occurrence included off label use,feeling abnormal,crying,anxiety,depression,insomnia,etc.PTs with stronger signal strength included activation syndrome,mania,tongue movement disturbance,hypoprolactinaemia,akathisia,etc.Multiple new suspected adverse drug reactions were unearthed,including hypoprolactinaemia,emotional poverty,stiff tongue,etc.Conclusion Lurasidone has a favorable safety profile,and women need to closely monitor prolactin levels when taking this medication.The drug is relatively safe for use in pregnant,puerperal and perinatal women and patients with poor metabolic function.Hypoprolactinaemia and restless leg syndrome are new rare suspected adverse events with lurasidone.

Objective:To understand the relevant situation of people seeking tattoo removal in laser cosmetic clinics.Methods:A face-to-face questionnaire survey was conducted among respondents seeking tattoo removal who visited the Laser Cosmetic Clinic of the Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University from June 2021 to May 2022. The questionnaire survey content included 4 categories and a total of 30 questions: basic information of the tattoo respondents, tattoo-related situations, respondents’ cognition of tattoos, and tattoo removal needs. The questionnaire responses were statistically analyzed, and differences were analyzed according to the gender, age of the tattoo respondents, and educational level at the time of tattooing. Descriptive statistical analysis was conducted on the general information of the questionnaire; Mantel-Haenszel chi-square test or Pearson’s chi-squared test were used for the analysis of the difference in the composition ratio of each data.Results:A total of 150 questionnaires were distributed and 142 valid questionnaires were collected. There were 81 male and 61 female tattoo respondents, with an age of (21.8±4.9) years (13-41 years). The result of the survey showed that 52.8%(75/142) of the respondents were minors (<18 years old) at the time of tattooing, and 97.2%(138/142) were <24 years old at the time of tattooing; 67.6% (96/142) regretted the act of tattooing; 73.2%(104/142) of the respondents themselves asked for the removal of tattoos; who removed their tattoos for personal development (joining the army, working, studying) was 68.3%(97/142); only 23.2%(33/142) of the respondents understood the harms of tattoos; and 21.8%(31/142) of the respondents suffered from adverse reactions after getting tattoos. The percentage of respondents who hid their tattoos from their family members was 82.4%(117/142); the percentage of respondents whose family members approved of the tattoos was only 25.4%(36/142). Analysis of variance showed that there was no correlation between the education level of the respondents and their knowledge of the tattoo risks( P>0.05); the reasons for removing tattoos were correlated with the age and gender of the respondents at the time of consultation ( P<0.01); the size of tattoos was correlated with the gender of the respondents ( P<0.01) and the female respondents were more inclined to choose a small tattoo; the age of tattooing of the respondents was correlated with the level of education of the respondents when they had tattooed themselves ( P<0.01), the proportion of tattoos aged <18 years old was highest among respondents with junior high school education at the time of tattooing [76.2%(32/42)], and this proportion tended to decrease significantly as the education level at the time of tattooing increased. Conclusion:The respondents seeking tattoo removal in the laser cosmetic clinic are mainly teenagers. About half of the respondents were minors at the time of tattooing, and most of them were not aware of the tattoo risks. There is a certain correlation between the age of the respondents and their educational background at the time of tattooing. There are certain differences in the reasons for removing tattoos among respondents depending on gender and age. There is no correlation between the educational background of the respondents and their understanding of the tattoo risks.

Objective:To understand the relevant situation of people seeking tattoo removal in laser cosmetic clinics.Methods:A face-to-face questionnaire survey was conducted among respondents seeking tattoo removal who visited the Laser Cosmetic Clinic of the Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University from June 2021 to May 2022. The questionnaire survey content included 4 categories and a total of 30 questions: basic information of the tattoo respondents, tattoo-related situations, respondents’ cognition of tattoos, and tattoo removal needs. The questionnaire responses were statistically analyzed, and differences were analyzed according to the gender, age of the tattoo respondents, and educational level at the time of tattooing. Descriptive statistical analysis was conducted on the general information of the questionnaire; Mantel-Haenszel chi-square test or Pearson’s chi-squared test were used for the analysis of the difference in the composition ratio of each data.Results:A total of 150 questionnaires were distributed and 142 valid questionnaires were collected. There were 81 male and 61 female tattoo respondents, with an age of (21.8±4.9) years (13-41 years). The result of the survey showed that 52.8%(75/142) of the respondents were minors (<18 years old) at the time of tattooing, and 97.2%(138/142) were <24 years old at the time of tattooing; 67.6% (96/142) regretted the act of tattooing; 73.2%(104/142) of the respondents themselves asked for the removal of tattoos; who removed their tattoos for personal development (joining the army, working, studying) was 68.3%(97/142); only 23.2%(33/142) of the respondents understood the harms of tattoos; and 21.8%(31/142) of the respondents suffered from adverse reactions after getting tattoos. The percentage of respondents who hid their tattoos from their family members was 82.4%(117/142); the percentage of respondents whose family members approved of the tattoos was only 25.4%(36/142). Analysis of variance showed that there was no correlation between the education level of the respondents and their knowledge of the tattoo risks( P>0.05); the reasons for removing tattoos were correlated with the age and gender of the respondents at the time of consultation ( P<0.01); the size of tattoos was correlated with the gender of the respondents ( P<0.01) and the female respondents were more inclined to choose a small tattoo; the age of tattooing of the respondents was correlated with the level of education of the respondents when they had tattooed themselves ( P<0.01), the proportion of tattoos aged <18 years old was highest among respondents with junior high school education at the time of tattooing [76.2%(32/42)], and this proportion tended to decrease significantly as the education level at the time of tattooing increased. Conclusion:The respondents seeking tattoo removal in the laser cosmetic clinic are mainly teenagers. About half of the respondents were minors at the time of tattooing, and most of them were not aware of the tattoo risks. There is a certain correlation between the age of the respondents and their educational background at the time of tattooing. There are certain differences in the reasons for removing tattoos among respondents depending on gender and age. There is no correlation between the educational background of the respondents and their understanding of the tattoo risks.

Objectives: This study aimed to present the Asia-Pacific consensus on long-term and sequential therapy for osteoporosis, offering evidence-based recommendations for the effective management of this chronic condition.The primary focus is on achieving optimal fracture prevention through a comprehensive, individualized approach. Methods: A panel of experts convened to develop consensus statements by synthesizing the current literature and leveraging clinical expertise. The review encompassed long-term anti-osteoporosis medication goals, first-line treatments for individuals at very high fracture risk, and the strategic integration of anabolic and anti resorptive agents in sequential therapy approaches. Results: The panelists reached a consensus on 12 statements. Key recommendations included advocating for anabolic agents as the first-line treatment for individuals at very high fracture risk and transitioning to anti resorptive agents following the completion of anabolic therapy. Anabolic therapy remains an option for in dividuals experiencing new fractures or persistent high fracture risk despite antiresorptive treatment. In cases of inadequate response, the consensus recommended considering a switch to more potent medications. The consensus also addressed the management of medication-related complications, proposing alternatives instead of discontinuation of treatment. Conclusions This consensus provides a comprehensive, cost-effective strategy for fracture prevention with an emphasis on shared decision-making and the incorporation of country-specific case management systems, such as fracture liaison services. It serves as a valuable guide for healthcare professionals in the Asia-Pacific region, contributing to the ongoing evolution of osteoporosis management.