Infant, Newborn ; Humans ; Macrophage Activation Syndrome/diagnosis*

Objective To explore the association between total cholesterol and type 2 diabetes ( T2DM) ． Methods Non－diabetic people who aged 20 to 90 years at the baseline and who had physical examination more than 2 times were screened． Comparisons of the baseline characteristics were conducted with Student－t test or Pearson chi－square test． Generalized estimating equation ( GEE) was used to analyze the effect of total cholesterol of quantiles groups ( 2．10－ mmol /L，4．16－ mmol /L，4．76－ mmol /L and 5．42 －13．29 mmol /L) to type 2 diabetes． Results The cohort with an average age of 3．53 years per person in- cluded 12 928 subjects and 45 626 person－years． During the follow－up，447 cases of new－onset diabetes occurred and the incidence density was 9. 80‰． The high incidence of type 2 diabetes increased with the increase of total cholesterol． After adjusting the factors including age，high density lipoprotein，hypertension and obesity，based on the 2. 10－ mmol /L group，the relative risk ( RR) of the 4. 16－ mmol /L，4. 76－ mmol/L and 5. 42－13. 29 mmol /L group were 1. 24( 95% CI: 0. 83－1. 86) ，1. 75 ( 95% CI: 1. 19－2. 56) and 3. 60( 95% CI: 2. 51－5. 17) ，respectively． Conclusions Total cholesterol is associated with type 2 diabetes，and as the total cholesterol increases，the risk of developing type 2 diabetes increases．

【Objective】 To explore the regulation and mechanism of mannose(Man) on inflammatory response, so as to provide the basis for application of Man in inflammatory diseases. 【Methods】 RAW264.7 macrophages were treated with different concentrations of Man for 24 h or 48 h, and the proliferation was detected by cell count. RAW264.7 cells were pretreated with low concentration(2 mmol/L) and high concentration(20 mmol/L) of Man for 12 h, followed by treatment with lipopolysaccharide(LPS) for 8 h or 24 h more. mRNA, protein and culture supernatant were collected, and the inflammation related cytokines, proteins and mannose receptor(CD206) were detected by Q-PCR, Western blot, and ELISA. 【Results】 The cell proliferation was increased with the increase of Man concentration under 5 mmol/L, while it was decreased with the increase of Man concentration over 5 mmol/L. Compared with LPS treatment, 2 mmol/L mannose(Man2) plus LPS increased the mRNA levels of IL-1β, IL-12 and TNF-α and the protein levels(all P<0.05), while Man20 + LPS treatment significantly decreased the mRNA levels of IL-1β, IL-12, TNF-α, IL-6, and CCL2 and the protein levels (all P<0.05). The potential targets of network pharmacology for Man and its metabolites were 20 proteins, including AKT and STAT3. Furthermore, the phosphorylation levels of AKT and STAT3(all P<0.05) were increased in Man2 + LPS group and the phosphorylation levels of AKT, p65 and ERK(all P<0.05) were decreased in Man20 + LPS group compared with LPS group. The phosphorylation levels of AKT, p65 and STAT3(all P<0.05) were decreased in Man20 group compared with control group. 【Conclusions】 Different concentrations of mannose have various effects on inflammatory response. Low concentration mannose promotes macrophage inflammatory response induced by LPS, while high concentration mannose inhibits LPS-induced inflammatory response. And this mechanism is related to the regulation of AKT, STAT3, p65, and ERK activities.

【Objective】To investigate the effect of Imatinib（Ima）on the inflammatory phenotype of RAW264.7 mac⁃ rophages induced by lipopolysaccharide（LPS）.【Methods】RAW264.7 cells were treated by LPS（0.1 μg/mL）and/or Ima（1 μmol/L，5 μmol/L）. The mRNA levels of IL-1β，IL-10，CCL2，iNOS，TNF-α and Arg1 in RAW264.7 cells were tested by Q-PCR. The iNOS protein level and the activation of NF-κB and MAPK signal pathways were detected by Western Blot. The protein levels of IL-1β，CCL2，IL-10 and TNF-α in cell supernatant were detected by ELISA. 【Results】Compared with the normal control group，the mRNA levels of IL-1β，CCL2，iNOS，TNF-α and IL-10 were significantly increased in RAW264.7 cells treated with LPS for 8 h（P < 0.001）. In addition，the cell supernatant protein levels of IL-1β，IL-10，CCL2 as well as TNFα and the iNOS protein level were significantly increased in RAW264.7 cells stimulated by LPS for 24 h（P < 0.001）. Moreover，the phosphorylation levels of p65，p38，ERK and AKT were enhanced in RAW264.7 cells after treatment with LPS for 24 h. Compared with LPS group，pretreatment with Ima decreased the mRNA and protein levels of IL-1β，CCL2，iNOS and TNF-α（P < 0.01，P < 0.001），but increased the mRNA and protein level of IL-10（P < 0.001）. And this effect of Ima was dose-dependent. The phosphorylation levels of p65，p38， ERK and AKT were decreased in LPS+Ima group compared with that in LPS group. The functional status of RAW264.7 cells did not change significantly after treatment with Ima alone.【Conclusions】The effect of Imatinib to inhibit the inflammato⁃ ry phenotype of macrophage is related to retarding the overactivation of NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways.

Alveolar echinococcosis is a parasitic zoonosis that severely damages human health. Currently, radical surgical resection is the first choice for hepatic alveolar echinococcosis. For the advanced hepatic echinococcosis patients with refractory radical resection, the palliative surgery combined with chemotherapy, liver transplantation, drug therapy, and radiofrequency microwave ablation may provide comprehensive tools. This article reviews the current situation and progress of comprehensive treatments for hepatic alveolar echinococcosis.

Objective To explore the ultrasound-guided diffuse optical tomography (DOT) distribution difference and clinical characteristics of T 1-T3 breast carcinoma. Methods Four hundred and forty-seven breast cancer patients with 455 breast lesions were enrolled.The lesion maximal diameter and total hemoglobin concentration(THC) were obtained by ultrasound-guided DOT before breast surgery biopsy.The patients age,body mass index(BMI),and the distances from lesion to skin and nipple were measured,lymph node status were also assessed.According to the 7th Edition of the AJCC Cancer Staging, all tumors were divided into T1( &le; 2 cm),T2(2 cm < lesion &le; 5 cm),and T3( > 5 cm) three groups according to maximum diameter on ultrasound.Results Out of 455 breast cancer lesions,148 lesions were stage T1,251 lesions were stage T2,56 lesions were T3.The age,lesion size,lesion THC and the distances between lesions and nipples of breast cancer patients were found that there were significant differences among T1,T2 and T3(all P = 0.000). With T stages increasing,the age of breast cancers patients decreased,the distance between lesions and nipples decreased,the THC increased.THC of breast cancer T 2 [(221.0 ± 56.0)μmol/L] and T3[(233.1 ± 54.0)μmol/L] were significant higher than that of T1 [(181.6 ± 70.4)μmol/L](all P = 0.000).There were all no significant difference for BMI and the distancefrom lesion to skin among different stages T( P > 0.05).With T stages increasing,the ratio of lymph node metastasis increased(T1 26.4%,T2 49.8%,T3 55.4%; P =0.000).Conclusions With breast cancer T stages increasing,T HC increases,the age of the patients decreases,lymph node metastasis rate increases.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the feasibility and reliability of cobas 4800 HPV test for cervical cancer screening and cytology referral.

METHODScobas 4800 HPV test and hybrid capture 2 (HC-2) were used to detect high risk HPV DNA in 670 specimens of liquid-based cytology collected from three hospitals. The agreement between cobas and HC-2 tests was assessed. HPV PCR detection (HybriBio) and gene sequencing were used for genotyping, and the agreement of HPV16 and 18 genotyped by cobas and HybriBio was evaluated. Histological diagnosis was considered as a gold standard to estimate the sensitivity and specificity of cobas vs. HC-2 in detecting CIN2(+) in cervical lesions.

RESULTSThe crude agreement between cobas and HC-2 tests was 89.40%, the Kappa value was 0.778, the positive concordance rate was 86.42%, and the negative concordance rate was 91.36%. The crude agreement rates between cobas and HybriBio on HPV16 and 18 were 88.89% and 94.94%, the Kappa values were 0.777 and 0.753, the positive concordance rates were 98.91% and 100.00%, and the negative concordance rates were 78.41% and 94.44%, respectively. HPV PCR detection (HybriBio) and gene sequencing were considered as adjusted standard: the high risk HPV positive concordance rate was 100%, negative coincidence rate was 94.42%, HPV16 and 18 positive concordance rates were both 100%, and negative concordance rates were 82.35% and 94.44%, respectively. Regarding the detection of CIN2(+), the sensitivity and specificity were 91.07% and 70.97% for cobas, and 93.75% and 71.33% for HC-2, with a non-significant difference between the results of the two tests (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONScobas4800 HPV test has good screening sensitivity and specificity in correct detection of HPV16 and 18 and other high-risk HPV virus types.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia ; diagnosis ; pathology ; virology ; Cytodiagnosis ; methods ; DNA, Viral ; metabolism ; Early Detection of Cancer ; methods ; Female ; Genotype ; Human papillomavirus 16 ; genetics ; Human papillomavirus 18 ; genetics ; Humans ; Mass Screening ; methods ; Middle Aged ; Papillomavirus Infections ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Triage ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; pathology ; virology ; Young Adult

This paper analyzed the characteristics of post-disaster medical assistance systems in Anglo-American countries and Japan. In consideration of China's national conditions at present, it come up with recommendations that the government should formulate and perfect the legal system of postdisaster medical assistance, improve the related systems of medical care, establish post-disaster medical assistance responding as a long-term management mechanism, establish and improve emergency preparedness, and post-disaster psychological intervention in mechanisms.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of hypertension among adult residents in Mongolian region of Hulunbeier. Methods A total of 1536 adult residents were selected by using cluster sampling method, and 1496 completed the questionnaire survey. Blood pressure was measured for each participant. Results The prevalence of hypertension was 31.1%. Higher prevalence of hypertension was found in male ( 42. 0% vs 24. 5%, P ＜ 0. 05 ) and the elderly. No statistically significant difference of prevalence of hypertension was investigated in different nationalities (P ＞ O. 05 ). Conclusion The prevalence of hypertension among adult residents in Mongolian region of Hulunbeier is relatively higher.

Objective To isolate and identify Banna virus(BAV)from mosquitoes collected in Mengla county of Yunnan province.Methods Mosquito samples were collected in houses and stock yards in Mengla county,2008.Mosquitoes were homogenized and incubated onto both C6/36 and BHK21 cells.The new isolate was identified by using ELISA and RT-PCR.The sequences of segment 5.8 and 11 of BAV were amplified by RT-PCR and determined.Phylogenetic analysis on the new BAV were performed using MEGA4 program.Results 1731 mosquitoes representing 7 species were collected with one strain of BAV isolated and identified.Phylogenetic analysis based on sequences of segment 8 showed the new isolate was closed to BAV strain isolated in Yunnan,but segment 11 sequence was closed to Vietnam strain.Conclusion Results of phylogenetic analysis implied that the BAV re-assortment might have been occurred both in Chinese and Vietnam strains.