The general models for intermediates quality analysis in the production process of Yaobitong capsule were established by near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) combined with chemometrics, realizing the rapid determination of notoginsenoside R1, ginsenoside Rg1, ginsenoside Re, ginsenoside Rb1, ginsenoside Rd and moisture. The spray-dried fine powder and total mixed granule were selected as research objects. The contents of five saponins were determined by high performance liquid chromatography and the moisture content was determined by drying method. The measured contents were used as reference values. Meanwhile, NIR spectra were collected. After removing abnormal samples by Monte Carlo cross validation (MCCV), Monte Carlo uninformative variables elimination (MC-UVE) and competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS) were used to select feature variables respectively. Based on the feature variables, quantitative models were established by partial least squares regression (PLSR), extreme learning machine (ELM) and ant lion optimization least squares support vector machine (ALO-LSSVM). The results showed that CARS-ALO-LSSVM model had the optimum effect. The correlation coefficients of the six index components were greater than 0.93, and the relative standard errors were controlled within 6%. ALO-LSSVM was more suitable for a large number of samples with rich information, and the prediction effect and stability of the model were significantly improved. The general models with good predicting effect can be used for the rapid quality determination of Yaobitong capsule intermediates.

Objective: To analyze the relationship between parental psychological control and Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) among junior high school students, so as to provide evidence for preventing IGD development in adolescents. Methods: From August 2019 to February 2020, a survey was conducted among 1 169 junior high school students from three middle schools in Xian using stratified cluster sampling. The Parental Psychological Control Scale and IGD Scale were administered to assess parental psychological control and IGD prevalence. Univariate and binary Logistic regression analyses were used to explore IGD risk factors and their correlation with parental psychological control. Results: The detection rate of IGD in middle school students was 19.9%(184/1 169). Multivariate Logistic regression revealed that compared to those with lower parental psychological control scores(&le;21 points), students with higher parental psychological control scores (>21 points) had a higher risk of IGD (OR=1.82, 95%CI=1.21-2.74), a 1.58fold higher risk of selfperceived gaming addiction (95%CI=1.07-2.30), as well as reduced likelihood of seeking external help to reduce gaming time (OR=0.66, 95%CI=0.47-0.94) (P<0.05). Conclusions Parental psychological control may elevate the risks of IGD and selfperceived addiction while diminishing proactive helpseeking behaviors to reduce gaming time. Parents should enhance communication with adolescents and provide positive guidance to mitigate potential gamingrelated harms.

Animals ; Callithrix ; Sex Factors ; Vocalization, Animal ; Sex Characteristics

Objective To explore the efficacy of T-cell spot test of tuberculosis infection(T-SPOT.TB)in the differential diagnosis of spinal tuberculosis(STB),and optimize diagnostic efficacy through the optimal cut-off value of receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve.Methods Clinical data of patients with spinal infection in a hospi-tal from January 2010 to May 2019 were collected,including preoperative T-SPOT.TB test results,white blood cell count,C-reactive protein,erythrocyte sedimentation rate,procalcitonin,and tuberculosis antibodies,etal.Clinical diagnosis was conducted based on diagnostic criteria.The sensitivity and specificity of T-SPOT.TB in preoperative diagnosis of STB and other spinal infection was analyzed,and the diagnostic efficacy of the optimized T-SPOT.TB indicators was evaluated.Results A total of 132 patients were included in this study,out of whom 78 patients(59.09％)were diagnosed with STB,and 54(40.91％)were diagnosed with non-tuberculosis(non-TB)spinal in-fection.The sensitivity and specificity of T-SPOT.TB in differential diagnosis of STB were 67.68％and 66.67％,respectively.Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that compared with non-TB spinal infection,the OR va-lue of T-SPOT.TB test in diagnosing STB was 4.188(95％CI:1.847-9.974,P＜0.001).The optimized T-SPOT.TB evaluation index through ROC curve to determine the optimal cut-off values of ESAT-6,CFP-10,and CFP-10+ESAT-6 for differential diagnosis of STB and non-TB spinal infection were 12.5,19.5,and 36,respec-tively,and area under curve(AUC)values were 0.765 6,0.741 5,and 0.778 6,respectively,all with good diag-nostic efficacy.CFP-10+ESAT-6 had the highest AUC.CFP-10+ESAT-6 specific spot count had higher efficacy in the diagnosis of STB,with a diagnostic accuracy of 75.56％,higher than 67.42％of pre-optimized T-SPOT.TB.Conclusion T-SPOT.TB test has high diagnostic efficacy in differentiating STB from non-TB spinal infection.Posi-tivity in T-SPOT.TB test,especially with spot count of CFP-10+ESAT-6 over 36,indicates a higher likelihood of STB.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical relevant effect of hospital-wide blood glucose management in perioperative cholelithiasis patients with type 2 diabetes.Methods:The subjects of the study were patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with cholelithiasis who were treated at the Baiqiu'en Hospital in Shanxi from September 2022 to October 2023. The patients were divided into hospital-wide blood sugar management group and conventional treatment group, according to different blood glucose management they received. The differences in preoperative blood glucose control, length of stay, postoperative complications, and hospitalization expenses between the two groups were compared.Results:Compare based on the median (quartiles) of the observed indicators, patients with cholelithiasis who underwent hospital-wide blood glucose management based on insulin pumps had a higher proportion of time in range [72.00(70.21, 82.90)% vs. 64.80 (61.55,70.50)%, P<0.001)], lower average blood glucose level [9.00 (8.55, 10.44) mmol/L vs. 11.50 (10.50, 12.50) mmol/L, P<0.001], and shorter hospital stay [8.00 (7.00,13.00) days vs. 10.00 (8.00, 12.00) ) days, P<0.05]. Moreover, the incidence of postoperative complications was lower [5(11.11)% vs. 15(33.33)%, P<0.05], and hospitalization expenses were lower [16 535.34 (14 271.44, 29 569.23) yuan vs. 18 633.85 (17 482.66) yuan , 22 855.02) yuan, P<0.05] in patients who received hospital-wide blood glucose management. Conclusion:Hospital-wide blood glucose management based on insulin pumps showed favorable effects in the perioperative clinical application in cholelithiasis patients with type 2 diabetes, and could contribute to shortening the average length of stay, reducing hospitalization costs, and reducing postoperative complications.

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of Huoluoxiaolingdan formula combined with ginkgolide injection in the treatment of ischemic stroke patients with blood stasis blockage syndrome.Methods The ischemic stroke patients with blood stasis blockage syndrome who were treated in Suzhou First People's Hospital from June 2017 to August 2019 were randomly divided into test group and control group.The control group was given ginkgolide injection,and the test group was given Huoluoxiaolingdan formula additionally.Both groups were treated for 2 weeks.The efficacy and adverse drug reactions of the two groups were evaluated,and the changes of clinical scores,hemorheology,blood lipids and inflammatory factors before and after treatment were compared between the two groups.Results A total of 194 patients were included,there were 97 cases in each group.The total effective rate of test group was 91.75％,which was significantly higher than that of control group(79.38％)(P＜0.05),and the incidence of adverse reactions was significantly lower than that in the control group(P＜0.05).After treatment,NIHSS,CSS and ASS in both groups were lower than before treatment(P＜0.05),while BI was higher than before treatment(P＜0.05).The levels of ηp,ηb,Fib and EEP in test group were significantly lower than those in control group(P＜0.05).HDL-C level of test group was significantly higher than that of control group,TC,LDL-C and TG levels were lower than that of control group(P＜0.05).The levels of IL-4 in test group were significantly higher than those in control group,and the levels of IL-1 β,IL-8 and TNF-α were lower than those in control group(P＜0.05).The above indexes in the test group was significantly better than that in control group(P＜0.05).Conclusion Huoluoxiaolingdan formula combined with ginkgolide injection can significantly improve the efficacy of patients with blood stasis blockage syndrome during the recovery period of ischemic stroke,improve clinical symptom score,correct abnormal hemorheology,reduce blood lipid level,inhibit the progression of inflammation,and alleviate adverse reactions,which has high clinical application value.

Objective To analyze the mechanism of Huangwu Ganfu Ointment in relieving pain of knee osteoarthritis(KOA)based on network pharmacology;To verify it in animal experiments.Methods The active components of Huangwu Ganfu Ointment were obtained by TCMSP database,PubChem database and SwissADME platform,the effective components were screened,and the targets were obtained from SEA database.KOA disease-related targets were obtained from GeneCards,OMIM and other databases,and the intersection targets were obtained.A effective component-target-disease network was constructed using Cytoscape 3.9.0 Software.Protein-protein interaction(PPI)network was constructed by STRING database and core targets were screened.GO and KEGG enrichment analysis of intersection targets were analyzed using DAVID platform.The KOA rat model with cold and damp syndrome was established,and the intervention of Huangwu Ganfu Ointment was carried out.The efficacy was observed and the core target expressions were detected.Results Totally 104 effective components were screened from Huangwu Ganfu Ointment,and 59 potential targets were obtained for treating KOA.PPI network interaction analysis obtained the important targets of IL6,IL1B and PTGS2.KEGG enrichment results showed that Huangwu Ganfu Ointment may involve 84 signaling pathways such as IL-17,TNF,TRP and NF-κB in the treatment of KOA,most of which were related to inflammation.The results of animal experiments showed that Lecuesne MG scores increased in the model rats(P<0.05),and paw withdrawal threshold(PWT)significantly decreased(P<0.05).Compared with model group,PWT in Huangwu Ganfu Ointment medium-and high-dosage groups were significantly recovered,and synovitis Krenn score decreased(P<0.05).The Mankin score of cartilage tissue of Huangwu Ganfu Ointment high-dosage group decreased(P<0.05).The contents of IL-6 and IL-1β in all Huangwu Ganfu Ointment groups decreased(P<0.01).Huangwu Ganfu Ointment medium-and high-dosage groups could down-regulate the expression of TRPV1 protein(P<0.05,P<0.01).Conclusion The mechanism of Huangwu Ganfu Ointment in alleviating the pain of KOA may be related to reducing inflammatory response,reducing the release of inflammatory factors of IL-1β and IL-6,alleviating inflammatory pain sensitivity of KOA,and down-regulating the expression level of TRPV1.

Objective:To explore the correlation between time in range (TIR) after short-term treatment and glycated hemoglobin after 3 months (HbA lc-3m) in patients with newly-diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods:In this cross-sectional study, a total of 94 patients with newly-diagnosed T2DM who received treatment in the Department of Endocrinology of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region People′s Hospital were enrolled from January 2018 to September 2022. The patients were followed-up for 3 months and had complete medical record. TIR was divided into three groups according to different target ranges of blood glucose (TIR1: TIR with blood glucose between 3.9 and 10.0 mmol/L, TIR2: TIR with blood glucose between 3.9 and 7.8 mmol/L, TIR3: TIR with fasting, premeal or bedtime blood glucose <6.1 mmol/L and 2 h postprandial blood glucose <8.0 mmol/L). The patients were divided into two groups based on whether their HbA 1c-3m level was less than 6.5%, and the baseline data and variations in TIR for distinct target glucose levels were compared between the two groups. Spearman′s correlation analysis and binary logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the relationship between baseline indicators, TIR after short-term treatment and HbA 1c-3m. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was drawn to evaluate the predictive ability of different TIR after short-term therapy for HbA 1c-3m. Results:There were statistically significant differences in TIR1 [81.0 (67.5, 94.6)% vs 71.4 (51.7, 85.7)%], TIR2 [57.7 (29.7, 70.8)% vs 40.9 (22.4, 52.3)%] and TIR3 [23.8 (10.2, 39.5)% vs 13.0 (4.8, 25.0)%] between patients with a HbA 1c-3m<6.5% and patients with a HbA 1c-3m≥6.5% (all P<0.05). Spearman correlation analysis showed that among all the patients with newly-diagnosed T2DM, TIR1, TIR2 and TIR3 were all negatively correlated with HbA 1c-3m [6.4 (6.1, 6.9)%] ( r=-0.322, -0.348, -0.303, respectively, all P<0.01). Logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for the confounding factors, TIR1 ( OR=1.021, 95% CI: 1.002-1.041; P=0.034), TIR2 ( OR=1.024, 95% CI: 1.006-1.043; P=0.011), TIR3 ( OR=1.037, 95% CI: 1.010-1.065; P=0.008) were all independently related to HbA 1c-3m. When HbA lc-3m<6.5% was taken as the target value, the area under the ROC curve: TIR1 was 0.639 (95% CI: 0.528-0.751), TIR2 was 0.671 (95% CI: 0.560-0.782), TIR3 was 0.659 (95% CI: 0.549-0.770), respectively. When HbA lc-3m<7.0% was taken as the target value, the area under the ROC curve: TIR1 was 0. 730 (95% CI: 0.619-0.841), TIR2 was 0.744 (95% CI: 0.642-0.846), TIR3 was 0.701 (95% CI: 0.588-0.814). There was no significant difference in the area among the three statistics ( P>0.05). Conclusions:For newly-diagnosed T2DM patients, TIR after short-term treatment is negatively correlated with HbA 1c after 3 months and has good predictive value for it.

Abstract Due to the differences in the level of socioeconomic development, geographic environment, food supply, eating habits and other factors, dietary guidelines for children and adolescents and the school lunch system varied significantly across different countries. The article combines the successful experiences of nutrition lunch systems for children and adolescents in Japan, the United States, the United Kingdom, Sweden and Australia, then gives suggestions for school lunch system in China, aiming to provide reference and basis for the development of a scientific and feasible nutritious lunch system.

Objective To investigate the effect of paeoniflorin on aerobic glycolysis of macrophages induced by resiquimod.Methods THP-1 cells were treated with phorbol ester(PM A)to differentiate into macrophages.The cells were divided into control group,model group and low,medium,high dose experimental group.The cells in the control group were cultured normally;in the model group,2 μg·mL-1 resiquimod was used to stimulate macrophages for 24 h to induce aerobic glycolysis.The low,medium and high dose experimental groups were treated with 1,10 and 100 μmol·L-1 paeoniflorin for 24 h on the basis of the model group.Cell activity was detected by cell counting kit-8(CCK-8)method.Lactate and glucose determination kit were used to detect lactate secretion and glucose consumption of cells in each group.The protein and mRNA expression levels of(PKM2)and(LDHA)were detected by Western blot and real-time fluorescence quantitative polynucleotide chain reaction(q-PCR)respectively.Immunofluorescence method was used to compare the fluorescence intensity of PKM2 in each group.Results After 24 h stimulation of THP-1 cells with 2 μg·mL-1 resiquimod,the glucose contents in cell culture supernatants of control group,model group and low,medium and high dose experimental groups were(14.70±0.44),(9.83±0.43),(10.68±0.29),(11.79±0.33)and(13.63±0.74)mmol·L-1;the lactate secreted by cells were(6.17±0.48),(11.94±0.55),(9.08±0.55),(7.79±0.66)and(6.50±0.55)mmol·L-1;the protein expression levels of PKM2 in cells were 1.00±0.00,1.33±0.18,1.02±0.17,0.74±0.17 and 0.73±0.18;the protein expression levels of LDHA were 1.00±0.00,1.20±0.09,0.90±0.14,0.76±0.12 and 0.78±0.17;the PKM2 mRNA levels were 1.00±0.09,2.11±0.23,1.98±0.31,1.38±0.25 and 0.93±0.32;the LDHA mRNA levels were 1.00±0.13,1.85±0.25,1.44±0.21,0.91±0.24 and 0.96±0.14;the average fluorescence intensities of PKM2 were 136.41±33.63,217.94±5.33,210.27±1.03,204.14±3.27 and 186.79±14.03.Compared with control group,the above indicators in model group showed statistically significant differences(P＜0.05,P＜0.01);compared with model group,the differences in the above indicators in medium and high dose experimental group were all statistically significant(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).Conclusion Paeoniflorin can inhibit the aerobic glycolysis of macrophages induced by resiquimod.