OBJECTIVE To investigate the mechanism of the inhibitory effect of total flavonoids from Taraxacum mongolicum on high-fat diet-induced obesity in mice through modulation of intestinal flora. METHODS Twenty-four C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into blank group， model group and T. mongolicum total flavonoid group， with 8 mice in each group. Except for the blank group， the other 2 groups were given a high-fat diet， while T. mongolicum total flavonoid group was given T. mongolicum total flavonoid [400 mg/（kg·d）] intragastrically， once a day， for 8 consecutive weeks. During the experiment， the food intake of each group of mice was recorded. After the last medication， the body mass， fat weight， blood lipid level and pathological changes of liver and epididymal fat in mice were evaluated to observe the effect of T. mongolicum total flavonoid on the treatment of obesity in mice. The changes in abundance and structure of intestinal flora in mice were detected by amplicon sequencing； the effects of T. mongolicum total flavonoids on fat metabolism related genes were analyzed by qPCR. RESULTS Compared with model group， the body weight of mice in T. mongolicum total flavonoids group was decreased significantly （P＜0.05）； the levels of total lipid cholesterol， triglycerides， and LDL cholesterol were all decreased significantly （P＜0.01）， and the level of HDL cholesterol was increased significantly （P＜0.01）； the fat indexes of inguinal white adipose tissue and epididymal white wind_lz@hactcm.edu.cn adipose tissue were significantly reduced （P＜0.05）； significant improvement in hepatocellular steatosis and adipose cytopathy were significantly improved； mRNA expressions of COX7A1 and COX8B were significantly upregulated （P＜0.05）. The results of bacterial colony detection showed that compared with the model group， there was a rising trend in the diversity of the bacterial colony in T. mongolicum total flavonoids group， and the Sobs index characterization and β diversity were increased significantly （P＜0.05）. Relative abundances of Blautia， norank_f_Ruminococcaceae， Bilophila， Alistipes， classified_f_Ruminococcaceae， Parabacteroides， norank_f_Desulfovibrionaceae， Anaerotruncus were significantly up-regulated（P＜0.05）， while those of Faecalibaculum， Erysipelatoclostridium， GCA-900066575， Tuzzerella， Lactobacillus， norank_f_norank_o_RF39， achnospiraceae_FCS020_group were significantly down-regulated （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS T. mongolicum total flavonoids can reduce body mass， fat weight and blood lipid levels， and repair the pathological damage to liver and epididymal fat in obese mice， which is related to improving intestinal flora disorders caused by high-fat diet.

Objective To explore the value of expression levels of serum thioredoxin-interacting protein(TXNIP)and baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 5(BIRC5)in clinical staging and efficacy monitoring in patients with primary laryngeal cancer(PLC).Methods From June 2020 to January 2023,a total of 68 pa-tients with PLC accepted by the hospital were collected as PLC group,and 80 patients with benign lesions were set as the benign tumors group.After six months of treatment,patients in the PLC group were separated into the treatment effective group(50 cases)and the treatment ineffective group(18 cases)according to the RECIST solid tumor efficacy evaluation criteria.Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was applied to detect the levels of TXNIP and BIRC5 in serum of each group;the diagnostic efficacy of TXNIP and BIRC5 in staging PLC and the predictive efficacy of PLC patients were analyzed using the receiver operating characteris-tic(ROC)curve.Results There were statistically significant differences in the expression levels of TXNIP and BIRC5 in the serum between the PLC group and the benign tumors group(P＜0.05).The level of serum TXNIP in the treatment effective group[(99.52±14.12)pg/mL]was obviously higher than that in the treat-ment ineffective group[(85.19±15.17)μg/mL],and the difference was statistically significant(t=3.621,P＜0.05),while the BIRC5 expression level[(15.26±3.65)pg/mL]was obviously lower than that in the treatment ineffective group[(19.13±3.74)pg/mL],and the difference was statistically significant(t=3.833,P＜0.05).The serum TXNIP expression level in early PLC patients[(101.39±12.85)pg/mL]was obviously higher than that in late stage patients[(91.27±13.36)μg/mL],and the difference was statistically significant(t=3.154,P＜0.05),while the BIRC5 expression level[(14.43±3.07)pg/mL]was obviously lower than that in late stage patients[(17.74±3.04)pg/mL],and the difference was statistically significant(t=4.439,P＜0.05).The area under the curve(AUC)of serum TXNIP and BIRC5 in diagnosing PLC stag-ing was 0.829(95％CI:0.718-0.909)and 0.795(95％CI:0.679-0.883),respectively,with sensitivity of 81.58％and 89.47％,and the AUC of TXNIP combined BIRC5 in diagnosing PLC staging was 0.899(95％CI:0.802-0.959),with sensitivity of 94.74％.The AUC of serum TXNIP and BIRC5 in predicting the effi-cacy of PLC patients was 0.818(95％CI:0.705-0.901)and 0.761(95％CI:0.642-0.856),respectively,the AUC of the combination of the two was 0.921(95％CI:0.830-0.973),which had higher predictive efficiency(P＜0.05).Conclusion TXNIP is lowly expressed in the serum of patients with PLC,while BIRC5 is highly expressed in the serum of patients with PLC.The combination detection of TXNIP and BIRC5 has certain effi-cacy in the diagnosis of PLC staging and predicting the efficacy of PLC patients.

Objective To study the bioequivalence of two glipizide tablets in healthy Chinese subjects.Methods Randomized,open,single-administration,two-period,self-cross-over trial design was used in the study.There were 28 Chinese healthy subjects in the fasted state and 28 in the fed state,complete repeat cross single dose oral glipizide tablets test preparation or reference preparation 5 mg.The plasma concentration of glipizide was determined by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry at different time points after administration.The non-compartmental model was used to calculate the pharmacokinetic parameters and evaluate the bioequivalence of the two formulations.Results The main pharmacokinetic parameters of glipizide in the fasted state were as follows:Cmax were(551.60±91.26)and(518.10±105.10)ng·mL-1;AUC0-t were(3 074.33±861.91)and(3 026.77±934.25)h·ng·mL-1;AUC0-∞ were(3 204.85±990.78)and(3 166.35±1 107.36)h ng·mL-1.The parameters of glipizide in the fed state were as follows:Cmax were(517.30±98.97)and(472.80±114.48)ng·mL-1;AUC0-t were(3 001.12±830.87)and(2 932.79±736.35)h·ng·mL-1;AUC0-∞ were(3 067.00±918.84)and(2 997.44±819.14)h·ng·mL-1.The 90％confidence interval of the Cmax,AUC0-t and AUC0-∞ of the test formulation and the reference formulation were from 80.00％to 125.00％.The incidence of adverse events in fasted group and fed group was no serious adverse events.Conclusion The two glipizide tablets were bioequivalent under fasted and fed conditions,and good security.

Objective:To describe the epidemiological distribution of hemorrhoids in a physical exami-nation population in China,which could provide evidence for precision prevention and early intervention of hemorrhoids.Methods:Chinese subjects over 18 years of age who underwent a physical examination in a nationwide chain of physical examination centers in 2018 were studied in a cross-sectional design,which collected information by a questionnaire and physical examination results from each subject.The epidemiological distribution of hemorrhoids was described using Logistic models.The gender-,age-,and region-detection rates of hemorrhoids were standardized to the Sixth National Population Census of the People's Republic of China(2010).Results:A total of 2 940 295 adult subjects were included in the study,of whom the average age was(41.7±14.0)years,and 52.6％were females.The standardized detection rate of hemorrhoids was higher for females(43.7％)than that for males(17.7％;P＜0.001)in this study.In the females,the age distribution of hemorrhoids was inverted U-shaped,with the highest standardized detection rate of hemorrhoids in the age group of 30-39 years(63.5％).In the males,the standardized detection rate of hemorrhoids increased along with age,with the highest percentage of 17.2％in the age group of 50-59 years,and the standardized detection rate of hemorrhoids in the age group of 60 and above decreased slightly(P＜0.001 for trend test).The participants with hypertension had a higher standardized detection rate of hemorrhoids than those with normal blood pressure in both males and females(P＜0.001).The standardized detection rate of hemorrhoids showed a positive corre-lation with body mass index(P＜0.001 for trend test in males).Conclusion:The detection rate of hemorrhoids varied to gender,age,obesity,and hypertension status,which could help to identify the risk factors and the high-risk sub-groups,and hence to strengthen health education and early detection accordingly,which could eventually reduce the incidence of hemorrhoids and improve the quality of life and health in the Chinese population.This study was conducted in a physical examination population,and the conclusions of this study should be extrapolated with caution.

Near-infrared(NIR)spectroscopy reflects the vibrational information of hydrogen-containing groups,allowing the detection of changes in components such as proteins and lipids in biological samples caused by diseases.Due to the advantages such as rapidity,non-destructiveness and non-invasiveness,NIR spectroscopy has been widely used in disease diagnosis.Malignant tumor cells exhibit significant differences in structure and composition compared to normal cells,and abnormal metabolic functions cause changes in the composition of biological tissues and fluids,leading to the variation in spectra.This makes NIR spectroscopy a promising tool for detecting cancer.However,severe overlapping of spectral peaks in the spectra requires the help of chemometrics methods to analyze the spectra and extract diagnostic information.This review summarizes the recent advances in NIR spectroscopy technology in cancer detection,including the methods of spectral preprocessing,diagnosis modeling and the development in NIR hyperspectral imaging combined with deep learning methods.The quantitative information and structural changes of molecules in biological systems can be extracted.Furthermore,the sensitivity of NIR spectra to water is utilized to analyze the content and structural changes of water induced by cancer and its role in cancer detection.

Pituitary thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH)adenomas is a rare pituitary disorder,accounting for less than 2%of pituitary adenomas.The clinical manifestations primarily include mild to moderate symptoms of hyperthyroidism,corresponding symptoms caused by other anterior pituitary hormone secretion disorders,and symptoms resulting from the mass effect of pituitary tumors.Pituitary TSH adenomas need to be differentiated from primary hyperthyroidism(Graves'disease)and resistance to thyroid hormone(RTH),as misdiagnosis can lead to tumor growth and aggravation of the condition.Currently,with the help of sensitive laboratory tests,imaging examinations,and targeted functional tests,pituitary TSH adenomas can be diagnosed relatively accurately.The preferred treatment is surgical resection.In cases where surgery is not feasible or unsuccessful,radiotherapy or medical therapy can be considered.Long-acting somatostatin analogs can effectively reduce tumor volume and decrease TSH secretion,thereby normalizing free 3,5,3',5'-tetraiodothyronine(FT4)and free 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine(FT3).Early identification and effective treatment are significant for patients with pituitary TSH adenomas.This review summarizes the epidemiology,pathological characteristics,screening objects,clinical manifestations,auxiliary examinations,diagnosis and treatment,follow-up and evaluation of pituitary TSH adenoma,aiming to provide guidance for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of this condition.

Liver fibrosis is primarily driven by the activation of hepatic stellate cells(HSCs),a process associated with ferroptosis.Ginsenoside Rb1(GRb1),a major active component extracted from Panax ginseng,inhibits HSC activation.However,the potential role of GRb1 in mediating HSC ferroptosis remains un-clear.This study examined the effect of GRb1 on liver fibrosis both in vivo and in vitro,using CCl4-induced liver fibrosis mouse model and primary HSCs,LX-2 cells.The findings revealed that GRb1 effectively inactivated HSCs in vitro,reducing alpha-smooth muscle actin(a-SMA)and type Ⅰ collagen(Col1A1)levels.Moreover,GRb1 significantly alleviated CCl4-induced liver fibrosis in vivo.From a mechanistic standpoint,the ferroptosis pathway appeared to be central to the antifibrotic effects of GRb1.Specifically,GRb1 promoted HSC ferroptosis both in vivo and in vitro,characterized by increased glutathione depletion,malondialdehyde production,iron overload,and accumulation of reactive oxygen species(ROS).Intriguingly,GRb1 increased Beclin 1(BECN1)levels and decreased the System Xc-key subunit SLC7A11.Further experiments showed that BECN1 silencing inhibited GRb1-induced effects on HSC ferroptosis and mitigated the reduction of SLC7A11 caused by GRb1.Moreover,BECN1 could directly interact with SLC7A11,initiating HSC ferroptosis.In conclusion,the suppression of BECN1 counteracted the effects of GRb1 on HSC inactivation both in vivo and in vitro.Overall,this study highlights the novel role of GRb1 in inducing HSC ferroptosis and promoting HSC inactivation,at least partly through its modulation of BECN1 and SLC7A11.

Tetralogy of Fallot is the most common cause of cyanotic congenital heart disease,and it is related with the high incidence of pulmonary regurgitation in repaired tetralogy of Fallot that usually requires pulmonary valve replacement.Transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement can replace traditional surgery in treating pulmonary regurgitation,which can make up for the shortcoming of large injury.Echocardiography is important in assessing ventricular function,however,conventional echocardiographic parameters have several limitations.This study reviewed the application of two-dimensional speckle tracking imaging in evaluating the right and left ventricular function after transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement in pulmonary valve regurgitation after repaired tetralogy of Fallot.

Objective:To explore the clinical effect and safety of extended debridement combined with BAM bone-induced artificial bone repair in the treatment of Cierny-Mader type IV osteomyelitis.Methods:From January 2021 to December 2022, 106 patients with Cierny-Mader type IV osteomyelitis who were treated with allogeneic bone mixed with autologous bone in department of orthopedics of Sichuan Orthopedic Hospital were retrospectively selected as the study subjects. Among them, 54 patients who were combined with BAM bone-induced artificial bone mixed with autologous bone repair were included in observation group, and 52 patients who only received allogeneic bone mixed with autologous bone repair were enrolled as control group. The clinical related indicators (bone healing time, fracture healing time), clinical efficacy (Johner-Wruh tibial shaft fracture evaluation standard) at 1 year after surgery, inflammatory factors (white blood cell count (WBC), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin), limb function (American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society Ankle-Hindfoot Scale (AOFAS-AH)) and bone healing degree before surgery and at 1 year after surgery were compared between both groups. Chi-square test was used to compare the enumeration data between groups, and the independent sample t test was performed to compare the measurement data with normal distribution between groups.Results:At 1 year after surgery, the clinical healing indicators of bone healing time and fracture healing time and inflammatory factors such as WBC, ESR, CRP and procalcitonin with (21.19±2.16) weeks, (11.35±1.01) weeks, (6.15±0.73)×10 9/L, (9.10±1.05) mm/h, (8.09±1.11) mg/L and (0.05±0.01) μg/L in observation group were significantly shorter or lower than (24.32±2.39) weeks, (12.29±1.27) weeks, (7.86±0.89)×10 9/L, (10.10±1.32) mm/h, (9.26±1.23) mg/L and (0.08±0.01) μg/L in control group,and the differences were statistically significant ( t values were 7.08, 4.23, 10.83, 4.33, 5.15, and 15.44, respectively; all P<0.001). The clinical effective rate (85.19%(46/54)), AOFAS-AH score((84.83±12.17) points) and bone healing probability (94.44%(51/54)) were higher than (67.31%(35/52)), (79.17±11.25) points and 80.77% (42/52) in control group,with statistically significant differences (statistical values were χ2=4.70, t=2.48, and χ2=4.60, respectively; P values were 0.030, 0.015, and 0.032, respectively). Conclusion:Expanded debridement combined with BAM bone-induced artificial bone repair can effectively promote the bone tissue healing in patients with Cierny-Mader type IV osteomyelitis, relieve the inflammatory response, and improve the limb function, and it has good clinical efficacy and high safety.

Objective:To combine ultrasound and clinical characteristics for predicting the treatment time of strontium 90( 90Sr) radioisotope applicator therapy for pathological scars when the therapeutic effect meets the clinical effective criteria. Methods:From September 2022 to October 2023, 48 patients (90 lesions) with pathological scars who underwent 90Sr radioisotope applicator therapy at the Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University were prospectively collected. The clinically effective criteria of 90Sr radioisotope applicator therapy for pathological scars were defined as a reduction of the superficial height of the scar higher than 50%. All lesions were divided into short period treatment group (2 months, 38 lesions) and long period treatment group (>2 months, 52 lesions) according to the duration of treatment when the therapeutic effect met the clinical criteria. Univariate comparative analyses of ultrasound and clinical characteristics between the two groups were performed. The statistically significant variates were used to build a multivariate logistic regression model for analyzing the independent predictors of the treatment time of 90Sr radioisotope applicator therapy for pathological scars. Results:Family history, blood flow signal, disease duration, age, and scar Young′s modulus were independent predictors of the effective treatment time of 90Sr radioisotope applicator therapy for pathological scars (all P<0.05). By using the selected variables, a predictive model was developed, area under the ROC curve (AUC) were 0.886 (95% CI=0.817-0.955, P<0.001), and the calibration curve showed that the model was well calibrated(χ 2=5.668, P=0.684). Conclusions:The multivariate logistic regression model with family history, blood flow signal, disease duration, age, and scar Young′s modulus could be used to predict the treatment time of 90Sr radioisotope applicator therapy for pathologic scars, which can help to guide the design of treatment plan, reduce unnecessary radiation damage, and improve patient compliance.