This paper systematically summarizes the practical experience of the 2025 Dingri earthquake emergency medical rescue in Tibet. It analyzes the requirements for earthquake medical rescue under conditions of high-altitude hypoxia, low temperature, and low air pressure. The paper provides a detailed discussion on the strategic layout of earthquake medical rescue at the national level, local government level, and through social participation. It covers the construction of rescue organizational systems, technical systems, material support systems, and information systems. The importance of building rescue teams is emphasized. In high-altitude and cold conditions, rapid response, scientific decision-making, and multi-party collaboration are identified as key elements to enhance rescue efficiency. By optimizing rescue organizational structures, strengthening the development of new equipment, and promoting telemedicine technologies, the precision and effectiveness of medical rescue can be significantly improved, providing important references for future similar disaster rescues.

Objective The objective of this study was to provide methodological references for the inheritance of the experience of well-known Chinese medicine doctors in the treatment of kidney disease.Methods The study collected medical case data for IgA nephropathy,diagnosed and treated by Professor Yang Nizhi's outpatient department at Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from 2010 to 2020.The data was standardized and divided into three groups:urine and blood,urine turbidity,and renal failure groups.The study utilized the FangNet platform to apply the PageRank algorithm and calculate the THScore of different subgroups of core herbs for IgA nephropathy.The distribution pattern of syndrome differentiation and corresponding herb use regulations were visualized through Python(SciPy package,Clusterheatmap package),and the study explored and verified the drug prescription through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis based on Pearson correlation coefficient.The weighted least squares estimation mean and variance adjusted(WLSMV)and the oblique rotated GEOMIN method were used with the Mplus software.Results The study included a total of 548 treatments for 145 patients with IgA nephropathy,with heamturia group(54 cases),urine turbidity group(51 cases),and renal failure group(40 cases).Results showed 9 basic syndromes such as Qi deficiency syndrome(91.79%),blood stasis syndrome(77.01%),damp-heat syndrome(66.06%),and Yin deficiency syndrome(38.69%).There are 24 core drugs in total,23 in the urine and blood group,21 in the urine turbidity group,and 16 in the renal failure group.These drugs mainly include qi-tonifying and yang-invigorating drugs,nourishing yin and blood drugs,promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis drugs,and clearing heat and cooling blood drugs.The regulations for the differentiation and medication of IgA nephropathy(Z-Score>0.5 and P<0.05)were as follows:Huangqi,Shan Zhu Yu,and Tusizi were commonly used in Qi deficiency syndrome;Danshen,Ze Lan,and Shan Zhu Yu were commonly used in blood stasis syndrome;Pu Gong Ying,Shi Wei,Tao Ren,and Tu Fu Ling were commonly used in damp-heat syndrome;and Mo Han Lian,Tai Zi Shen,and Nv Zhen Zi were commonly used in Yin deficiency syndrome.Through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis,the core drug combination factors for the treatment of IgA nephropathy by Professor Yang Nizhi were obtained as follows:F1(Tusizi,Shan Zhu Yu,Huangqi);F2(White Mao Gen,Xiao Ji,Qian Cao);F3(Nv Zhen Zi,Mo Han Lian,Tai Zi Shen);and F4(Ze Lan,Tao Ren).Conclusion This study analyzed the diagnosis and treatment experience of Professor Yang Nizhi in the treatment of IgA nephropathy by grouping,defining the core syndrome of"Qi deficiency and blood stasis,damp-heat and Yin deficiency",and the core treatment methods of"tonifying Qi,promoting blood circulation,clearing heat,and nourishing Yin"using the PageRank algorithm and Mplus factor analysis.The study provided methodological references for the inheritance of the experience of famous Chinese medicine doctors and promoted the development and utilization of traditional Chinese medicine.

Objective:To learn about the detection quality and external quality control assessment of fluoride and arsenic in laboratories at all levels in Qinghai Province.Methods:The Z-score method was used to analyze and evaluate the evaluation results of 1 provincial, 8 municipal and 43 county level laboratories of disease prevention and control institutions participating in the external quality control assessment of water fluoride and brick tea fluoride in Qinghai Province in 2021, as well as 1 provincial, 1 municipal and 2 county level laboratories of disease prevention and control institutions participating in the external quality control assessment of water arsenic and urine arsenic. The feedback rate and qualification rate of external quality control of each assessment laboratory were calculated.Results:In 2021, the feedback rate of external quality control of water fluoride, brick tea fluoride, water arsenic and urine arsenic in provincial and municipal level laboratories of Qinghai Province were 100.00%; except that the qualified rate of water fluoride was 7/9, the qualified rate of external quality control of other projects was 100.00%. The feedback rate of external quality control of water fluoride, brick tea fluoride, water arsenic and urine arsenic in county level laboratories was 100.00%; except that the qualified rate of water fluoride was 86.05% (37/43), the qualified rate of external quality control of other projects was 100.00%. In the specific assessment results of the laboratory, the assessment results of water fluoride sample FS20210101 from 1 provincial, 1 municipal and 2 county level laboratories, and FS20210102 from 1 county level laboratory were suspicious; the assessment results of water fluoride sample FS20210101 from 3 county level laboratories were not satisfactory; the assessment results of fluoride and arsenic sample in other laboratories were satisfactory.Conclusions:The qualified rate of external quality control of fluoride and arsenic in laboratories at all levels in Qinghai Province is relatively high, but some county level laboratories are still dissatisfied with the assessment results of water fluoride. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the detection level of water fluoride in laboratories.

Objective:To evaluate the water fluoride detection ability of county (city, district) level (referred to as the county-level) laboratories in Qinghai Province.Methods:During the "13th Five-Year Plan" period (2016 - 2020), 4, 4, 4, 43, 43 county-level laboratories in Qinghai Province were organized to participate in the national water fluoride external quality control assessment, and the assessment results were evaluated by Z-ratio scoring method.Results:The response rate of county-level laboratories was 86.05% (37/43) in 2019, and 100.00% in other years. The qualified rate of county-level laboratories was 100.00% from 2016 to 2018; in 2019 and 2020, the assessment was fully covered, and the qualified rate was 81.40% (35/43) and 95.35% (41/43), respectively. Compared with 2019, the response rate and qualified rate in 2020 increased significantly, and the differences were statistically significant (χ 2 = 6.450, 4.074, P < 0.05). In the past 5 years, two assessment samples│Z│ < 1 in each laboratory were the most common, but with two assessment samples 2≤│Z│ < 3 in some qualified laboratories. Conclusion:The consistency of water fluoride determination in Qinghai Province is not very ideal, and the detection ability of county-level laboratories still needs to be strengthened.

The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda, is a destructive pest native to America and has recently become an invasive insect pest in China. Because of its rapid spread and great risks in China, understanding of FAW genetic background and pesticide resistance is urgent and essential to develop effective management strategies. Here, we assembled a chromosome-level genome of a male FAW (SFynMstLFR) and compared re-sequencing results of the populations from America, Africa, and China. Strain identification of 163 individuals collected from America, Africa and China showed that both C and R strains were found in the American populations, while only C strain was found in the Chinese and African populations. Moreover, population genomics analysis showed that populations from Africa and China have close relationship with significantly genetic differentiation from American populations. Taken together, FAWs invaded into China were most likely originated from Africa. Comparative genomics analysis displayed that the cytochrome p450 gene family is extremely expanded to 425 members in FAW, of which 283 genes are specific to FAW. Treatments of Chinese populations with twenty-three pesticides showed the variant patterns of transcriptome profiles, and several detoxification genes such as AOX, UGT and GST specially responded to the pesticides. These findings will be useful in developing effective strategies for management of FAW in China and other invaded areas.
Animals ; China ; Genomics ; Humans ; Male ; Pesticides ; Spodoptera/genetics* ; Transcriptome

Objective:To analyze the external quality control assessment results of fluoride in brick tea in the provincial, city (prefecture) and county (city, district)-level endemic fluorosis laboratories in Qinghai Province, and to evaluate the testing capabilities of laboratories at all levels.Methods:The Z-score method was used to analyze and evaluate the results of provincial, city (prefecture) and county (city, district)-level laboratories that participated in the external quality control assessment of fluoride in brick tea in Qinghai Province from 2014 to 2020, and│Z│≤2 was qualified; 2 <│Z│ < 3 was basic qualified; │Z│≥3 was unqualified.Results:From the feedback, the feedback rate of external quality control of fluoride in brick tea in provincial and city (prefecture)-level laboratories in Qinghai Province from 2014 to 2020 was 100.00%; the feedback rate of county (city, district)-level laboratories from 2014 to 2018 was 100.00%, and there were no feedback units in 2019 and 2020. From the assessment of qualification, the qualification rate of provincial, city (prefecture)-level laboratories was 100.00% in all other years except one unit failed in 2017; the qualification rate of county (city, district)-level laboratories was 100.00% in 2014, 2015, 2016 and 2019, and there were 6 unqualified units in other years.Conclusions:From 2014 to 2020, some endemic fluorosis laboratories in Qinghai Province still fail to pass the external quality control assessment of fluoride in brick tea. In the future, it will be the focus of work to strengthen personnel training and improve the detection ability.

The hippocampus plays a crucial role in learning and memory, and its progressive deterioration with age is functionally linked to a variety of human neurodegenerative diseases. Yet a systematic profiling of the aging effects on various hippocampal cell types in primates is still missing. Here, we reported a variety of new aging-associated phenotypic changes of the primate hippocampus. These include, in particular, increased DNA damage and heterochromatin erosion with time, alongside loss of proteostasis and elevated inflammation. To understand their cellular and molecular causes, we established the first single-nucleus transcriptomic atlas of primate hippocampal aging. Among the 12 identified cell types, neural transiently amplifying progenitor cell (TAPC) and microglia were most affected by aging. In-depth dissection of gene-expression dynamics revealed impaired TAPC division and compromised neuronal function along the neurogenesis trajectory; additionally elevated pro-inflammatory responses in the aged microglia and oligodendrocyte, as well as dysregulated coagulation pathways in the aged endothelial cells may contribute to a hostile microenvironment for neurogenesis. This rich resource for understanding primate hippocampal aging may provide potential diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic interventions against age-related neurodegenerative diseases.

Objective:To verify the revised method of cerium sulfate catalytic spectrophotometry for iodide index of "Standard Examination Methods for Drinking Water-Nonmetal Parameters" (GB/T 5750.5-2006).Methods:From July to September 2019, the Laboratory of Department for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control of Qinghai Institute for Disease Prevention and Control verified the revised method (determination of iodide in drinking water by cerium sulfate catalytic spectrophotometry) of cerium sulfate catalytic spectrophotometry (hereinafter referred to as original method) in "Standard Examination Methods for Drinking Water-Nonmetal Parameters" (GB/T 5750.5-2006). The revised method was verified according to the requirements of "Standard Examination Methods for Drinking Water-Water Analysis Quality Control" (GB/T 5750.3-2006), including standard curve, detection limit, precision, accuracy and actual sample determination.Results:The linear range of the revised method was 0 - 20.0 μg/L, the correlation coefficient was - 0.999 4 - 0.999 8, and the detection limit was 0.231 μg/L. The relative standard deviation ( RSD) of low, medium and high iodine water samples of 6 times detection ranged from 1.4% to 9.6%, and the recoveries of low and medium water samples ranged from 89.0% to 108.0%. The detection results of national first-class reference materials for iodine composition analysis in water were within the range of standard value ± uncertainty. There was no significant difference in the test of results of 12 tap water samples between the revised method and the original standard method ( t = - 0.075, P > 0.05). Conclusion:The revised method has a good linear relationship of standard curve, high precision and accuracy, and good reproducibility, is simple and easy to operate, and is suitable for promotion and application.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy,bleeding profile and safety of low-dose levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS 8) in Chinese healthy women of childbearing age.Methods A multi-center,open-label,single-arm clinical trial conducted at 16 centres in China enrolled 773 healthy women of childbearing age (mean age 31.6 years old,range 18 to 40 years old),who demanded contraception,from April 2006 to June 2013.All women placed LNG-IUS 8 for 3 years and then been followed up at 3,6,9,12,18,24,30,36 months.The efficacy variables including pregnancy rate and expulsion rate were analyzed using life table,while observing adverse events (AE) to evaluate the safety.The bleeding profile happened during the study was assessed using 90-day reference intervals (World Health Organization criteria).Results Eight pregnancies occurred among 773 women,resulting in a overall Pearl index of 0.42 per 100 women years.The 3-year cumulative pregnancy rate was 0.37 per 100 women years and the 3-year cumulative expulsion rate was 1.99 per 100 women years.The number of women with bleeding/spotting reduced and the bleeding/spotting days declined over time.Totally 219 AE were reported related to LNG-IUS 8 placements.The most common AE were vaginal bleeding (8.2％,63/773)and the ovarian cyst (6.2％,52/773).LNG-IUS 8 had an improving effect on dysmenorrhea that the percentage of women with dysmenorrhea as well as the days of dysmenorrhea decreased over time.The percentage of women satisfied or very satisfied with LNG-IUS 8 was 87.2％ (622/713).Conclusion LNG-IUS 8 is highly effective and safe for Chinese healthy women of childbearing age.

BACKGROUNDMusculoskeletal disorders (MSD) comprise a wide range of conditions, associated with an enormous pain and impaired mobility, and are affecting people's lives and work. Management of musculoskeletal disorders typically involves a multidisciplinary team approach. Positive findings have been found in previous studies evaluating the effectiveness of complementary therapies, though little attention has been paid to evaluating of the effectiveness of integrated packages of care combining conventional and complementary approaches for musculoskeletal conditions in a National Health Service (NHS) setting.

OBJECTIVETo determine the feasibility of all aspects of a pragmatic observational study designed: (1) to evaluate the effectiveness and cost effectiveness of integrated treatments for MSDs in an integrated NHS hospital in the UK; (2) to determine the acceptability of the study design and research process to patients; (3) to explore patients' expectation and experience of receiving integrated treatments.

METHODSThis is an observational feasibility study, with 1-year recruitment and 1-year follow-up, conducted in Royal London Hospital for Integrated Medicine, University College London Hospital Trust, UK. All eligible patients with MSDs newly referred to the hospital were included in the study. Interventions are integrated packages of care (conventional and complementary) as currently provided in the hospital. SF-36™ Health Survey, short form Brief Pain Inventory, Visual Analogue Scale, and modified Client Service Receipt Inventory will be assessed at 4/5 time points. Semi-structured interview/focus group will be carried out before treatment, and 1 year after commence of treatment.

DISCUSSIONWe intend to conduct a pragmatic observational study of integrated medical treatment of MSDs at a public sector hospital. It will inform the design of a future trial including recruitment, retention, suitability of the outcome measures and patients experiences.