ObjectiveTo observe the effect of modified Shibaotang on serum sex hormone levels in patients with male late-onset hypogonadism of kidney essence deficiency syndrome complicated with diabetes mellitus. MethodsA total of 60 patients with male late-onset hypogonadism of kidney essence deficiency syndrome complicated with diabetes mellitus，who met the inclusion criteria and were admitted to Yinchuan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from October 2022 to October 2023，were selected and randomly divided into an observation group and a control group，with 30 patients in each group. Both groups continued their original treatments，including blood glucose lowering and blood lipid regulation. The observation group was treated with modified Shibaotang，while the control group was treated with testosterone undecanoate capsules. The treatment lasted for 12 weeks. The changes in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）syndrome scores，partial androgen deficiency in aging males （PADAM）symptom scores，glucose metabolism indexes ［fasting plasma glucose （FPG），2-hour postprandial glucose （2 h PG），glycosylated hemoglobin （HbA1c）］，and serum sex hormone indexes ［sex hormone-binding globulin （SHBG），free testosterone （FT），total testosterone （TT），prolactin （PRL），luteinizing hormone （LH），follicle stimulating hormone （FSH），estrogen （E₂）］ were compared between the two groups before and after treatment. Safety was also evaluated. Results（1）Clinical efficacy comparison：After treatment，the clinical efficacy in both groups was similar，and there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups. （2）TCM syndrome score and PADAM symptom score comparison：After treatment，both groups showed a significant reduction in TCM syndrome scores and PADAM symptom scores （P<0.01），and the observation group showed a significantly greater reduction compared to the control group （P<0.05）. （3）Glucose metabolism indexes comparison：After treatment，the levels of FPG，2 h PG，and HbA1c were significantly reduced in both groups （P<0.01），and there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups regarding FPG，2 h PG，and HbA1c levels after treatment. （4）Serum sex hormone indexes comparison：After treatment，the levels of FT，TT，PRL，LH，and FSH were significantly increased in both groups （P<0.01），while E₂ levels were significantly decreased （P<0.01）. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in the levels of FT，TT，PRL，LH，FSH，and E₂ after treatment. There was also no significant difference in SHBG levels within or between the groups before and after treatment. During the clinical observation，neither group exhibited any obvious adverse reactions. ConclusionModified Shibaotang can significantly improve the clinical symptoms of male late-onset hypogonadism of kidney essence deficiency syndrome complicated with diabetes mellitus，reduce blood glucose，and increase sex hormone levels. The mechanism may involve the inhibition of aromatase transformation in adipocytes，promotion of GnRH production，and regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis function.

Objective: To explore the relationship of family function with sleep and externalizing problem behaviors of preschool children, so as to provide a guidance for externalizing problem prevention and intervention among preschool children. Methods: From October 2023 to January 2024, a convenience sampling method was used to select 5 138 preschool children from kindergartens in 8 districts of Wuhan City, Hubei Province. Parents completed the survey for Family Adaptability and Cohesion Scale, children s sleep habits and Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Spearman correlation analysis was used to examine the correlation of family function with scores of sleep quality and externalizing problem behaviors among preschool children. A mediation model analysis and bootstrap test were conducted to further investigate the mediating role of sleep quality between family function and externalizing problem behaviors. Mplus 8.7 software was used for latent profile analysis of family function. Results: The reported rates of poor sleep quality and externalizing problem behaviors among preschool children were 11.8% ( n =607), 20.0% ( n =1 026). The relevant analysis results showed that family function was negatively correlated with sleep quality and externalizing problem behaviors ( r = -0.20, -0.23), and sleep quality was positively correlated with externalizing problem behaviors ( r =0.27) ( P <0.01). The mediation effect test showed that family function negatively predicted externalizing problem behaviors ( β =-0.079) and sleep quality ( β = -0.075), while sleep quality positively predicted externalizing problem behaviors ( β =0.215) ( P <0.01). The latent profile analysis results showed that family function could be classified into 4 categories: high family function group (23.01%), upper middle family function group (44.65%), moderate family function group (26.24%) and low family function group (6.11%). Compared to high family function, the other three categories significantly positively predicted externalizing problem behaviors, and the mediating effects of sleep quality on different categories of family function were statistically significant [upper middle family function: mediation effect value was 0.022 (95% CI =0.004-0.041) and direct effect value was 0.329 (95% CI =0.263-0.396); middle family function: mediation effect value was 0.087 (95% CI =0.063-0.115) and direct effect value was 0.491 (95% CI =0.416-0.565); low family function: mediation effect value was 0.144 (95% CI =0.107-0.185) and direct effect 0.621 (95% CI =0.503-0.740)] ( P < 0.05 ). Conclusion Family function negatively predicts the externalizing problem behaviors of preschool children, and sleep quality plays a partial mediating role.

Urinary system tumors are very common nowadays，including prostate cancer，renal cancer，bladder cancer，and urothelial carcinoma.In recent years，the incidence of these tumors has been on the rise.This paper briefly summarizes the emerging technologies explored by West China Hospital in recent years for urinary system tumors，such as gene sequencing analysis，radiomics and big data，liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry，multi-modal intelligent fusion diagnostic technology，surgical decision-making tools built with artificial intelligence and big data，mRNA vaccines，combination of targeted and immune therapies，and irreversible electroporation technology.These technologies provide strong support and point out the ways for the prevention，early diagnosis，and individualized treatment of urinary system tumors.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of human soil-transmitted nematode infections in Congjiang County, Guizhou Province in 2023, so as to provide insights into soil-transmitted nematodiasis prevention and control in the county. Methods Congjiang County was divided into 5 areas according to geographical locations, and one township was randomly sampled from each area, followed by one administrative village randomly sampled from each township as the survey site. Two hundred permanent residents without deworming during the past three months were randomly sampled from each survey site using the random cluster sampling method. Participants’ fecal samples were collected, soil-transmitted nematode eggs were detected using the KatoKatz technique and the prevalence of human soil-transmitted nematode infections was compared among participants. Mild, moderate and severe soil-transmitted nematode infections were classified according to eggs per gram (EPG), and the proportions of mild, moderate and severe infections were estimated. In addition, participants’ family status and household sanitary toilets construction were investigated using questionnaires. Results A total of 1 001 participants were included at 5 survey sites in Congjiang County, and the overall prevalence of soil-transmitted nematode infections was 19.08% (191/1 001). The prevalence rates of Ascaris lumbricoides and hookworm infections were 2.30% (23/1 001) and 1.90% (19/1 001), with all egg-positives identified as mild infections, and the prevalence of Enterobius vermicularis infections was 0.10% (1/1 001). The prevalence of Trichuris trichiura infections was 15.78% (158/1 001) among participants, and there was a significant difference in the prevalence among survey villages (χ² = 123.345, P < 0.001), with the highest prevalence detected in Liujia Village (39.00%), followed by in Longjiang Village (18.00%). There was an age-specific prevalence rate of T. trichiura infections among participants (χ² = 166.050, P < 0.001), and the highest prevalence was detected among participants at ages of 10 to 19 years (48.19%), followed by at ages of over 70 years (14.53%) and 50 to 59 years (13.04%). There was an occupation-specific prevalence rate of T. trichiura infections among participants (χ² = 74.134, P < 0.001), and the highest prevalence was detected among students (32.32%), followed by among workers/migrant workers (10.34%) and farmers (10.12%). There was an educational level-specific prevalence rate of T. trichiura infections among participants (χ² = 28.761, P < 0.001), and the highest prevalence was detected among participants with an educational level of primary school (21.60%), followed by among illiterate participants (12.03%). There was an ethnicity-specific prevalence rate of T. trichiura infections among participants (χ² = 42.193, P < 0.001). The proportions of mild, moderate and severe T. trichiura infections were 76.58% (121/158), 14.56% (23/158) and 3.16% (5/158), and all severe infections were identified among primary school students. T. trichiura infections were detected in 123 families, and there were 27 families (21.95%) in which two and more family members were identified with T. trichiura infections. A total of 1 001 valid questionnaires were recovered, and the prevalence rates of T. trichiura infections were 14.69% (139/964) and 34.55% (19/55) in families with and without sanitary toilets (χ² = 15.410, P < 0.001). Conclusions The prevalence of soil-transmitted nematode infections was relatively high in Congjiang County, Guizhou Province in 2023, and the T. trichiura infections was notably serious. Intensified soil-transmitted nematodiasis control measures are recommended targeting primary school students, middle-aged and elderly farmers and migrant workers.

OBJECTIVE To provide a reference for standardizing the conduct of positron-emitting radiopharmaceuticals’ phase 0 clinical trials （hereinafter referred to as “phase 0 clinical trials”） and advancing the development of innovative drug by medical institutions. METHODS Initiated by the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University， a panel of experts consisting of pharmacy， clinical medicine and medical ethics from multiple institutions was established to investigate the current landscape， and discuss the necessary conditions， procedures， and other aspects for conducting phase 0 clinical trials in medical institutions by integrating relevant national policies， regulations and expert consensus. Finally， an agreement was reached to formulate this consensus. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS Currently， most medical institutions have deficiencies in pharmaceutical care during the management of radiopharmaceuticals and the phase 0 clinical trials. In conjunction with the Expert Consensus on the Establishment of Nuclear Pharmacist Positions， this consensus explicitly defines the responsibilities of nuclear pharmacists in the phase 0 clinical trials on the basis of the Expert Consensus for the Application of Positron Emission Tomography Radioligands for Translational Study in the Phase 0 Clinical Trials （2020 edition）， providing a guidance for high-quality participation of nuclear pharmacists from medical institutions in China in phase 0 clinical research. Additionally， in consideration of some constraints imposed by current relevant regulations， this consensus also proposes strategic recommendations， such as encouraging medical institutions to form a consortium， leading to the establishment of dedicated bases or industrial parks， holding significant implications to strengthen institutional capacity for advancing radiopharmaceutical innovation through phase 0 clinical trials.

Objective To study the chemical constituents of Fallopia aubertii L.Henry Holub. Methods The chemical constituents of Fallopia aubertii L.Henry Holub. were separated and purified by online two-dimensional preparative liquid chromatography and identified by physical and chemical constants and spectral analysis. The inhibitory activities on xanthine oxidase were determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometry. Results Ten compounds were isolated from the extract of Fallopia aubertii L.Henry Holub, including isotachioside（1）, 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl-（6'-O-galloyl）-O-β-D-Glucopyranoside（2）, 1-hydroxy-,4,5-1-O-[6'-O-（4''-carboxy-1'',3'',5'trihydrotrimethoxyphenylxy）-phenyl]-β-D-glucopyranoside（3）, myricetrin（4）, myricetin（5）, rutin（6）, quercetin-3-O-β-D-galactoside（7）, quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside（8）, lyciumideA（9）, and N-trans-Feruloyltyramine（10）. The inhibitory activity test results showed that the IC₅₀ of compound 5 was 15.92 μmol/L, and the IC₅₀ of compound 6 was 87.36 μmol/L. Conclusion Compounds 1,2,3,4 and 8 were isolated from Medicago polymorpha for the first time. Compounds 5 and 6 had xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity.

Objective To analyze the short-term clinical outcomes of emergency conversion to surgery during transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). Methods Clinical data of patients who underwent emergency surgical conversion from TAVR in the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, from 2018 to 2023 were collected. Postoperative follow-up results at 1 month were recorded. Results A total of 253 patients underwent TAVR, of whom 11 (4.3%) required emergency conversion to surgery. Among these 11 patients, 7 were male and 4 were female, with a mean age of (69.55±5.01) years. The primary cause for emergency surgical conversion was valve stent displacement (63.6%), followed by left ventricular perforation/rupture (18.2%) and significant perivalvular regurgitation persisting after a second valve implantation (18.2%). One (9.1%) patient died intraoperatively. Among the 10 surviving patients, postoperative complications included pulmonary infection in 8 patients, severe pneumonia in 7, pleural effusion in 3, liver dysfunction in 8, renal dysfunction in 3, upper gastrointestinal bleeding in 5, cerebrovascular complications in 1, atrial fibrillation in 1, ventricular premature contractions in 1, atrioventricular block in 1, and complete left bundle branch block in 3. At 1-month postoperative follow-up, one additional patient died, yielding a 30-day mortality rate of 18.2% after TAVR emergency surgical conversion. The quality of life improved significantly compared to preoperative status in 9 (81.8%) patients, and no patients were readmitted for cardiovascular diseases. Conclusion The incidence of emergency conversion to surgery during TAVR is low, but the rates of surgical complications and 30-day postoperative mortality are high. Nevertheless, when severe complications occur during TAVR, emergency conversion to surgery can still yield satisfactory short-term clinical outcomes for a majority of these patients.

In cases where a tracheal injury exceeds half the length of the adult trachea or one-third of the length of the child trachea, it becomes difficult to perform end-to-end anastomosis after tracheal resection due to excessive tension at the anastomosis site. In such cases, tracheal replacement therapy is required. Advances in tissue engineering technology have led to the development of tissue engineering tracheal substitutes, which have promising applications. Hydrogels, which are highly hydrated and possess a good three-dimensional network structure, biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, biodegradability, and modifiability, have had wide applications in the field of tissue engineering. This article provides a review of the characteristics, advantages, disadvantages, and effects of various hydrogels commonly used in tissue engineering trachea in recent years. Additionally, the article discusses and offers prospects for the future application of hydrogels in the field of tissue engineering trachea.

ObjectiveTo observe the intervention effect of Fufang Kangjiaolv capsules on anxiety-like behaviors in the rat model of chronic restraint stress （CRS） and explore the mechanism underlying the anti-anxiety effect via the microbiota-gut-brain axis. MethodsRats were assigned into blank， model， positive drug （diazepam， 1 mg·kg^-1）， and low-， medium-， and high-dose （0.75， 1.5， 3 g·kg^-1， respectively） Fufang Kangjiaolv capsules groups. After 14 days of administration， the elevated plus maze test， open field test， light and dark box test， and marble burying test were performed. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was employed to observe the pathological changes in the hippocampus and colon of rats， and Nissl staining was conducted to observe the damage of hippocampal neurons. The gut microbiota was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） was employed to determine the mRNA levels of zonula occludens-1 （ZO-1） and occludin in the colon of rats. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， interleukin-6 （IL-6）， and interleukin-1β （IL-1β） in the colon， serum， and hippocampus were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Western blot was employed to determine the protein levels of ZO-1， occludin， nuclear factor-κB p65 （NF-κB p65） in the colon tissue and NF-κB p65 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor （BDNF） in the hippocampal tissue. ResultsCompared with the blank group， the model group showed reductions in the time and frequency ratio of rats entering the elevated plus maze， the time and frequency of rats entering the central area of the open field， the time of entering the open box， the times of passing through the light and dark box， and the number of unburied beads （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， Fufang Kangjiaolv capsules ameliorated the anxiety of the model rats to varying degrees， and the high-dose group had the best effect， with increases in the proportions of time and frequency of rats entering the open arm in the elevated plus maze （P<0.05）， the number of rats entering the central area in the open field （P<0.05）， the time of entering the open box， the times of passing through the light and dark boxes， and the number of unburied beads （P<0.01）. Moreover， the high-dose group showed alleviated pathological damage of hippocampal neurons and colon. The results of 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that the model group had increased relative abundance of Firmicutes， Deferribacterota， Romboutsia， and Phascolarctobacterium， while it had decreased relative abundance of Bavcteroidota and Lactobacillus. The drug administration groups showed increased relative abundance of Bavcteroidota， Bacteroides， norank f norank o Clostridia UCG-014， and Blautia and decreased relative abundance of Firmicutes and Deferribacterota. Compared with the blank group， the model group showed down-regulated protein and mRNA levels of ZO-1 and occludin in the colon （P<0.01）， elevated levels of TNF-α， IL-6， and IL-β in the colon， serum， and hippocampus （P<0.01）， up-regulated protein level of NF-κB p65 in the colon and hippocampus （P<0.01）， and down-regulated protein level of BDNF in the hippocampus （P<0.05）. Compared with the model group， high-dose Fufang Kangjiaolv capsules up-regulated the mRNA levels of ZO-1 and occludin in the colon （P<0.01）， lowered the levels of TNF-α， IL-6， and IL-β in the colon， serum， and hippocampus （P<0.01）， up-regulated the protein levels of ZO-1 （P<0.01） and occludin （P<0.05） in the colon， down-regulated the protein level of NF-κB p65 in the colon and hippocampus （P<0.05）， and up-regulated the protein level of BDNF in the hippocampus. ConclusionFufang Kangjiaolv capsules can reduce the anxiety-like behaviors in the rat model of CRS by regulating the gut microbiota disturbance， up-regulating the expression of tight junction proteins in the colon， repairing intestinal mucosal mechanical barrier， and down-regulating NF-κB/BDNF signaling pathway， thereby reducing peripheral and central inflammation. This study proves the hypothesis that Fufang Kangjiaolv capsules play an anti-anxiety role via the microbiota-gut-brain axis， providing a new idea for further research.

ObjectiveTo explore the mechanism of Shouhui Tongbian capsules in treating constipation based on the research foundation of its active components combined with network pharmacology and animal experiments. MethodsThe drug components were imported into SwissTargetPrediction to predict the targets of Shouhui Tongbian capsules， and constipation-related targets were collected from disease databases. A protein-protein interaction （PPI） network was constructed for the common targets shared by Shouhui Tongbian capsules and constipation to screen key targets， which was followed by gene ontology （GO） function and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes （KEGG） pathway enrichment analyses. A "bioactive component-target-pathway" network was constructed， and the core components of Shouhui Tongbian capsules in treating constipation were screened based on the topological parameters of this network. Molecular docking was employed to predict the binding affinity of core components to key targets. A mouse model of constipation was constructed to screen the key pathways and targets of the drug intervention in constipation. ResultsThe PPI network revealed six key constipation-related targets： protein kinase B （Akt1）， B-cell lymphoma-2 （Bcl-2）， glycogen synthase kinase-3β （GSK-3β）， cyclooxygenase-2 （PTGS2）， estrogen receptor 1 （ESR1）， and epidermal growth factor receptor （EGFR）. The KEGG pathway analysis showed that the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase （PI3K）/Akt signaling pathway was the most enriched. The topological parameter analysis of the "bioactive component-target-pathway" network screened out the top 10 core components： auranetin， isosinensetin， naringin， diosmetin， quercetin， apigenin， luteolin， hesperidin， isorhapontigenin， and chrysophanol. Molecular docking results showed that the 10 core components had strong binding affinity with the 6 key targets. Animal experiments showed that after intervention with different doses of Shouhui Tongbian capsules， the time to the first black stool excretion was reduced and the fecal water content and small intestine charcoal propulsion rate of mice were improved. After treatment with Shouhui Tongbian capsules， the colonic mucosal injury and glandular arrangement were alleviated， and the muscle layer thickness was increased. Western blot results showed that Shouhui Tongbian capsules recovered the expression of apoptosis-related molecules mediated by the PI3K/Akt pathway in the colonic tissue of constipated mice. Terminal-deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick end labeling （TUNEL） results showed that the cell apoptosis rate of the colon significantly reduced after intervention with Shouhui Tongbian capsules. ConclusionThe results of network pharmacology and animal experiments confirmed that Shouhui Tongbian capsules can treat constipation through multiple targets and pathways. The capsules can effectively intervene in loperamide-induced constipation in mice by regulating the constipation indicators and reducing cell apoptosis in the colon tissue via activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.