Background and objective The pathological types of lung ground glass nodules(GGNs)show great significance to the clinical treatment.This study was aimed to predict pathological types of GGNs based on computed tomog-raphy(CT)quantitative parameters.Methods 389 GGNs confirmed by postoperative pathology were selected,including 138 cases of precursor glandular lesions[atypical adenomatous hyperplasia(AAH)and adenocarcinoma in situ(AIS)],109 cases of microinvasive adenocarcinoma(MIA)and 142 cases of invasive adenocarcinoma(IAC).The morphological characteristics of nodules were evaluated subjectively by radiologist,as well as artificial intelligence(AI).Results In the subjective CT signs,the maximum diameter of nodule and the frequency of spiculation,lobulation and pleural traction increased from AAH+AIS,MIA to IAC.In the AI quantitative parameters,parameters related to size and CT value,proportion of solid component,energy and entropy increased from AAH+AIS,MIA to IAC.There was no significant difference between AI quantitative parameters and the subjective CT signs for distinguishing the pathological types of GGNs.Conclusion AI quantitative parameters were valu-able in distinguishing the pathological types of GGNs.

Objective:To investigate the value of CT-radiomics based machine learning model in predicting the abundance of tumor infiltrating CD8 +T cells and the prognosis of pancreatic cancer patients. Methods:A total of 150 pancreatic cancer patients who underwent surgical excision and confirmed by pathology from Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center between December 2011 and January 2017 were retrospectively enrolled. The patients were randomly divided into the training set ( n=105) and the validation set ( n=45) in a 7∶3 ratio with simple random sampling. The immunohistochemical method was used to assess the abundance of tumor infiltrating CD8 +T cells, and the patients were then divided into high infiltrating group ( n=75) and low infiltrating group ( n=75) according to the median. The prognosis between the 2 groups was evaluated using Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test. Radiomic features were extracted from preoperative venous-phase enhanced CT images in the training set. The Wilcoxon test, the max-relevance and min-redundancy algorithm were used to select the optimal feature set. Three supervised machine learning models (decision tree, random forest and extra tree) were established based on the optimal feature set to predict the abundance of tumor infiltrating CD8 +T cells. Performance of above-mentioned models to predict the abundance of tumor infiltrating CD8 +T cells in pancreatic cancer was tested in the validation set. The evaluation parameters included area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), F1-score, accuracy, precision and recall. Results:The median overall survival time of patients in high infiltrating group and low infiltrating group were 875 days and 529 days, respectively (χ2=11.53, P<0.001). The optimal feature set consisted of 10 radiomic features in training set. In the validation set, the decision tree, random forest and extra tree model showed the AUC of 0.620, 0.704 and 0.745, respectively; corresponding to a F1-score of 0.457, 0.667 and 0.744, the accuracy of 57.8%, 68.9% and 75.6%, the precision of 66.7%, 73.7% and 80.0%, the recall of 34.8%, 60.9% and 69.6%. Conclusions:Pancreatic cancer patients with high tumor infiltrating CD8 +T cells have better prognosis than those with low tumor infiltrating CD8 +T cells. The radiomics-based extra tree model is valuable in predicting the CD8 +T cells infiltrating level in pancreatic cancer.

Objective To analyze the correlation between detection of influenza pathogenic subtypes and epidemic situation in Hefei City during the surveillance years of 2015-2021, and to provide references for developing influenza prevention and control strategies. Methods The relevant data of influenza-like illness (ILI) surveillance, influenza etiology, and outbreak/cluster outbreaks reported from influenza surveillance sentinel hospitals in Hefei City from 2015 to 2021 in the China Influenza Surveillance Information System were analyzed. The statistical analysis was carried out. Results A total of 3 332 553 outpatient and emergency visits in 2 sentinel hospitals were reported in Hefei City from 2015 to 2021, of which 139,082 were ILI cases, accounting for 4.17%. The monthly proportion ranged from 1.60% to 7.15%. A total of 14 663 ILI specimens were submitted for detection, the submission rate was 10.54%, and the positive rate of influenza virus detection was 11.30%. There was no correlation between the proportion of monthly influenza like cases and the detection rate (r_s=0.176, P=0.107). The composition ratio of each subtype of influenza virus varied greatly, showing diversified seasonality, and the epidemic strains changed constantly. The Victoria subtype (BV subtype) was dominant (40.21%). There was a moderate correlation between the positive rate of ILI in sentinel hospitals and the number of outbreaks per month (r_s=0.696, P=0.000). There was a strong correlation between the monthly number of outbreaks and the detection rate (r_ss=0.696, P=0.000). There was a strong correlation between influenza A virus H3 subtype and BV subtype (r_{s -H3}=0.686, P=0.030; r_{s -BV}=0.632, P=0.000). There was a moderate correlation between the new A1 subtype and B Yamagata subtype (r_{s -new A H1}=0.481, P=0.000 0; r_{s -BY}=0.515, P=0.000). Conclusion There are two epidemic peaks in spring and winter in Hefei. Influenza subtypes are diverse. The results of ILI etiology can predict the outbreaks of different subtypes of influenza. Prediction and surveillance should be used for influenza control and outbreak management in a timely manner.

Objective:To investigate the predictive value of estimated renal perfusion pressure (eRPP) for acute kidney injury (AKI) in severe multiple trauma patients.Methods:Severe multiple trauma patients were collected based on the inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria from the Trauma Center, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University. Subsequently, patients were divided into the AKI group and non-AKI group according to the occurrence of AKI during 72 h admission to hospital. Further clinical information, ISS score, SOFA score, APACHE Ⅱ score, mean arterial pressure (MAP), central venous pressure (CVP) and intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) were collected, and eRPP were calculated. Additionally, the differences of parameters in the AKI group and non-AKI group were analyzed and logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the independent predicted risk factors for AKI. Finally, ROC curve was conducted to identify specificity, sensibility and best cut-off point.Results:A total of 173 severe multiple trauma patients were finally analyzed. Compared with the non-AKI group, the serum albumin [(32.21±5.20)g/L vs. (34.83±4.20)g/L, P =0.001] and 24 h urine output [(711.90±241.38)mL vs. (1 101.21±509.86)mL, P =0.001] were significantly lower and serum lactate [(2.80±0.96)mmol/L vs. (1.89±0.63)mmol/L, P<0.001], ISS score [(29.05±5.91) vs. (22.17±4.02), P <0.001], APACHEⅡ score [(38.84±21.47) vs. (31.45±18.24), P <0.001] and SOFA score [(5.26±2.08) vs. (3.14±1.34), P <0.001], in-hospital mortality (9.52% vs. 2.29%, P=0.038), and ICU stay [(8.43±6.46)d vs. (6.42±3.78) d, P =0.01) were significantly higher in the AKI group. Moreover, 6, 12 and 24 h of CVP and eRPP after admission were associated with the incidence of AKI. Logistic regression analysis showed that 24 h urine output, CVP and eRPP were the independent predictive factors (P <0.05) and 24 h of eRPP after admission applied a better predictive value of the incidence in AKI. Conclusions:24 h of eRPP might be the most suitable independent predictive factor for AKI in severe multiple trauma patients.

Objective:To evaluate the application values of small FOV surface coil and BLADE sequence in MR imaging on assessment of talar cartilage injury of ankle joint under traction.Methods:The clinical and imaging data of 53 patients with ankle cartilage injury in the Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from December 2018 to July 2020 were prospectively analyzed. All patients underwent the following MR sequences: sequence Ⅰ was fast spin echo proton density weighted (FSE-PD) BLADE sequence with surface coil small FOV, and sequence Ⅱ was FSE-PD-BLADE imaging of small FOV under horizontal load traction of ankle joint. Paired sample Wilcoxon rank sum test was used to compare the thickness of talus dome cartilage, cartilage space and subjective assessment score of image quality (including the outline of the upper surface of the cartilage at the injury, the thickness of the cartilage layer at the injury, the rupture of the cartilage at the injury, the relationship between cartilage and subchondral bone, subchondral bone collapse or trabecular fracture line) between sequence I and sequence Ⅱ.Results:There was significant difference in the thickness of central cartilage of talus between sequence Ⅰ and sequence Ⅱ [0.70 (0.60, 0.90) mm and 0.80 (0.70, 0.90) mm, Z=-2.900, P=0.004, respectively]. There was no significant difference in the thickness of medial and lateral talus cartilage between sequence Ⅰ and sequence Ⅱ (P>0.05). There were significant differences between sequence Ⅰ and sequence Ⅱ in the center [0.10 (0, 0.15), 0.89(0.63, 1.00) mm], medial [0.10(0, 0.31), 1.20(0.70, 1.25) mm] and lateral cartilage space [0.18(0.08, 0.23), 0.90(0.76, 0.94)mm] (all P<0.001). As for the subjective assessment score of talus cartilage injury, except for score in subchondral bone collapse or bone trabecular fracture line between sequence Ⅱ and sequence Ⅰ ( Z=-1.480, P=0.139), significant differences were found in all other scores ( P<0.05). Conclusion:MRI of the ankle under traction is safe and feasible. Under the condition of horizontal traction, small FOV surface coil combined with BLADE sequence can better display talus cartilage injury.

The exacerbation of progressive multiple sclerosis (MS) is closely associated with obstruction of the differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs). To discover novel therapeutic compounds for enhancing remyelination by endogenous OPCs, we screened for myelin basic protein expression using cultured rat OPCs and a library of small-molecule compounds. One of the most effective drugs was pinocembrin, which remarkably promoted OPC differentiation and maturation without affecting cell proliferation and survival. Based on these in vitro effects, we further assessed the therapeutic effects of pinocembrin in animal models of demyelinating diseases. We demonstrated that pinocembrin significantly ameliorated the progression of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and enhanced the repair of demyelination in lysolectin-induced lesions. Further studies indicated that pinocembrin increased the phosphorylation level of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Taken together, our results demonstrated that pinocembrin promotes OPC differentiation and remyelination through the phosphorylated mTOR pathway, and suggest a novel therapeutic prospect for this natural flavonoid product in treating demyelinating diseases.
Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; Flavanones ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Myelin Sheath/metabolism* ; Oligodendroglia/metabolism* ; Rats ; Remyelination ; Signal Transduction ; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism*

The exacerbation of progressive multiple sclerosis (MS) is closely associated with obstruction of the differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs). To discover novel therapeutic compounds for enhancing remyelination by endogenous OPCs, we screened for myelin basic protein expression using cultured rat OPCs and a library of small-molecule compounds. One of the most effective drugs was pinocembrin, which remarkably promoted OPC differentiation and maturation without affecting cell proliferation and survival. Based on these in vitro effects, we further assessed the therapeutic effects of pinocembrin in animal models of demyelinating diseases. We demonstrated that pinocembrin significantly ameliorated the progression of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and enhanced the repair of demyelination in lysolectin-induced lesions. Further studies indicated that pinocembrin increased the phosphorylation level of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Taken together, our results demonstrated that pinocembrin promotes OPC differentiation and remyelination through the phosphorylated mTOR pathway, and suggest a novel therapeutic prospect for this natural flavonoid product in treating demyelinating diseases.

Objective To investigate the relationships of MR indexes such as acromio humeral intervals (AHI),lateral extension of the acromion (LEA) and inclination angle of the acromion with the subacromial impingement syndrome (SIS).Methods 151 patients underwent MRI examination of shoulder joints,they were grouped according to age,gender and location of acromion.The differences in age,gender and MR indexes were compared between SIS group and non SIS group.The distribution statuses of SIS in different groups were compared at the same time,the relationships of various MR indexes with SIS were investigated and analyzed.Results There were no statistical differences in age,location distribution,the average shortest AHI value and the thickness of the subacromial bursal effusion between SIS group and non SIS group (P ＞ 0.05).There showed statistical difference in gender between the two groups (P =0.000),and there were more males than females in both groups.The acromion exactly covered the supraspinatus tendon in 79 patients,the average value of LEA in the SIS group was greater than that in the non SIS group,and there showed statistically significant difference between the two groups (P =0.002),the Youden index of LEA was 0.40,the sensitivity was 61％ and the specificity was 79％.The inclination angle of the acromion in the SIS group was smaller than that in the non SIS group,and there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups (P =0.019),the Youden index of the inclination angle of the acromion was 0.18,the sensitivity was 62％ and the specificity was 56％.47 patients in the SIS group had subacromial bursal effusion,51 patients in the non SIS group had subacromial bursal effusion.The thickness of the subacromial bursal effusion in the SIS group was greater than the non SIS group,and there showed statistically significant difference between the two groups (P =0.002),the Youden index of the thickness of the subacromial bursal effusion was 0.34,the sensitivity was 78 ％ and the specificity was 56 ％.Conclusion LEA,the inclination angle of the acromion and the thickness of the subacromial bursal effusion can be used as quantitative MR diagnostic criteria of SIS.The LEA measured by cardiothoracic ratio is simple and easy to use.

Objective To investigate the influence of lengthening or tortuous basilar artery (BA) on the BA hemodynamic parameters measured by transcranial doppler (TCD).Methods 153 cases with CTA and TCD simultaneously evaluating the BA were included.According to CTA criterion,144 cases were with lengthening and/or tortuous BA and 9 cases were without lengthening and/or tortuous BA.The TCD cerebral hemodynamic parameters included peak systolic velocity (PSV),mean blood flow velocity (MFV),end diastolic velocity (EDV),pulsatility index (PI) and resistant index (RI).The relationship between the grading of lengthening/tortuous of BA and TCD parameters were analyzed.Results ①The TCD parameters (PSV,MFV,EDV,PI,RI) showed no significant statistical differences among the grades of lengthening BA.The correlation between the TCD paremeters (PSV,MFV,EDV,PI,RI) and the grades of lengthening BA showed no significant statistical differences.②The TCD parameters (PSV,MFV,PI,RI) showed significant statistical differences among the grades of tortuous BA.The TCD parameters (PSV,MFV,PI,RI) showed significant statistical differences between grade 0 and grade 3 of tortuous BA.The significant negative correlation between the TCD parameters (PSV,MFV,EDV,PI,RI) and the grades of tortuous BA was found.Conclusion The tortuosity of BA can lead to hemodynamic alterations,whereas the lengthening of BA does not affect cerebral hemodynamics significantly.

Objective To investigate the value of fused 3D-SPACE and 3D-TOF images in diagnosis of intracranial neurovascular compression syndrome.Methods 26 patients with intracranial neurovascular compression syndrome were examined using 3D-SPACE sequence and 3D-TOF sequence.After 3D-SPACE and 3D-TOF were fused by different times,the quality of image as well as the ability of j udging the relationship between nerves and blood vessels was analyzed and compared between the original images and the fused images.Results In this study,the fused images by adding one 3D-SPACE sequence and one 3D-TOF sequence showed the highest accurate than others(2 1 cases),and the j udgement of the relationship between the responsible blood vessels and nerve accor-ded with the surgical results to the highest extent (P<0.05).Conclusion The fusion image of 3D-SPACE sequence and 3D-TOF se-quence can improve the diagnostic ability of the intracranial neurovascular compression syndrome,and the appropriate proportion of the fusion image can show the relationship between the nerve and blood vessel.