ObjectiveTo investigate the level of hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs) among preschool children (aged 3‒6 years) and primary and secondary school students in Tonglu County, Zhejiang Province, to evaluate the effectiveness of hepatitis B vaccination, and to provide a basis for hepatitis B prevention and control in the region. MethodsAs part of the 2023 Tonglu County Urban and Rural Residents Health Examination Program, blood samples were collected during health check-ups. Fingertip blood samples were obtained from preschool children, while venous blood samples were collected from primary and secondary school children. The anti-HBs levels in blood (positive + / negative -) were qualitatively tested using hepatitis B surface antibody test kits (latex method). The differences in anti-HBs positivity rates among different age groups were analyzed. ResultsBetween April 1, 2023 and June 30, 2023, a total of 52 919 individuals were surveyed, including 11 973 preschool children and 40 946 primary and secondary school students. The overall anti-HBs positivity rate was 39.74%, with the highest positivity rate observed among preschool children (60.20%). Age was negatively correlated with the anti-HBs positivity rate (P<0.001). No significant gender differences in anti-HBs positivity rates were observed. The anti-HBs positive rate in rural areas was higher than that in urban areas, with statistically significant differences across school grade groups (primary grades 1‒3, grades 4‒6, middle school, and high school) (P<0.001). ConclusionThe anti-HBs positivity rate among preschool and school-age children in Tonglu County decreases with age and remains relatively low. It is recommended to strengthen the monitoring of hepatitis B antibody levels and promote health education among preschool and school-age children. Children who have not completed the full hepatitis B vaccination should receive timely catch-up vaccination.

Objective To investigate the effect of SerpinA5 on the malignant biological behavior of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and its molecular mechanism. Methods The expression levels of the SerpinA5 gene in various tumors and adjacent normal tissues were analyzed by using the TIMER2.0 database. The expression levels of SerpinA5 in the ESCC cell line and esophageal epithelial cells were detected through Western blot analysis. Stably transfected KYSE150 cell line with overexpression of SerpinA5 was constructed through lentiviral transfection, and overexpression efficiency was detected via Western blot analysis. The effects of SerpinA5 overexpression on the proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion of ESCC cells were detected by employing the CCK8, plate cloning, flow cytometry, wound healing, and Transwell invasion assays. The nude mice subcutaneous xenograft model with SerpinA5 overexpression was constructed. Tumor growth was observed, and tumor volume and mass were measured. The cell proliferation level of the subcutaneous xenograft tumors in nude mice was detected via immunohistochemistry (IHC). Coimmunoprecipitation (Co-IP) was employed to determine the interaction between SerpinA5 and Fn. Western blot analysis was applied to detect the expression levels of proteins (Fn, Integrin-β1, FAK, and p-FAK) related to the Fn/Integrin-β1 signaling pathway in transplanted tumors. Results SerpinA5 was expressed at low levels in ESCC tissues and cell lines. In ESCC cells, SerpinA5 overexpression can considerably inhibit cell proliferation, migration, and invasion and promote cell apoptosis. In the subcutaneous xenograft experiment on nude mice, the tumor volume and weight of the SerpinA5 overexpression group were lower than those of the negative control group. IHC results demonstrated that SerpinA5 overexpression significantly inhibited the proliferation of ESCC cells in tumor tissues. Co-IP confirmed the interaction between SerpinA5 and Fn. Western blot analysis results showed that the expression levels of Fn, Integrin-β1, and p-FAK in the Fn/Integrin-β1 signaling pathway of ESCC cells in the subcutaneous xenograft tumors of nude mice significantly decreased after SerpinA5 overexpression. Conclusion Serpin A5 may inhibit proliferation, migration, and invasion and promote apoptosis of ESCC cells by regulating the Fn/Integrin-β1 signaling pathway.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a leading cause of dementia in the elderly. Mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase 1 (MKP-1) plays a neuroprotective role in AD. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of MKP-1 on AD have not been extensively studied. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level, thereby repressing mRNA translation. Here, we reported that the microRNA-429-3p (miR-429-3p) was significantly increased in the brain of APP23/PS45 AD model mice and N2A^APP AD model cells. We further found that miR-429-3p could downregulate MKP-1 expression by directly binding to its 3'-untranslated region (3' UTR). Inhibition of miR-429-3p by its antagomir (A-miR-429) restored the expression of MKP-1 to a control level and consequently reduced the amyloidogenic processing of APP and Aβ accumulation. More importantly, intranasal administration of A-miR-429 successfully ameliorated the deficits of hippocampal CA1 long-term potentiation and spatial learning and memory in AD model mice by suppressing extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2)-mediated GluA1 hyperphosphorylation at Ser831 site, thereby increasing the surface expression of GluA1-containing α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors (AMPARs). Together, these results demonstrate that inhibiting miR-429-3p to upregulate MKP-1 effectively improves cognitive and synaptic functions in AD model mice, suggesting that miR-429/MKP-1 pathway may be a novel therapeutic target for AD treatment.

Objective To observe the value of quality control system based on artificial intelligence(AI)for improving imaging quality of chest CT.Methods Totally 1 726 CT images obtained from 415 patients were retrospectively collected,among which 1 414 images were used for convolutional neural network(CNN)training and the rest 312 images were used for validation.Precision,Recall,F1-Score,mean average precision(mAP)and intersection over union(IOU)of quality control system based on AI for chest CT scanning were calculated.Meanwhile,21 patients with unsatisfactory chest CT who would undergo re-examination were prospectively enrolled,and chest CT scanning with quality control system based on AI were performed.The results of 2 examinations were compared.Results Precision,Recall,F1-Score,mAP and IOU of quality control system based on AI for chest CT were all good.All 21 cases were diagnosed correctly with re-examination CT based on quality control system.Among 21 cases,the first CT misdiagnosed 19 cases,the displaying of the area,volume and display quality of pulmonary nodules were not significantly different,but the morphology,boundaries,spiny protrusions,vacuolar signs,inflatable bronchial signs of nodules as well as the thickened and twisted blood vessels were obviously different between 2 times examination.The first CT missed 1 case while correctly diagnosed 1 case.Conclusion The quality control system based on AI was helpful for improving imaging quality of chest CT and increasing diagnostic efficacy.

Objective:To analyze the differentially expressed genes in PBMCs of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) by bioinformatics methods screening and analyzing the key genes related to ferroptosis, and explore the possible mechanism of ferroptosis involved in the pathogenesis of SLE at the transcription level.Methods:The data sets and samples of healthy people (HC) and SLE patients who met the screening criteria were retrieved from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), a sub-database of the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). The differentially expressed genes, GO enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis were analyzed by GEO2R, R language and related software packages. The protein interaction network (PPI) of differential genes was analyzed by STRING, Cytoscape and other tools to explore the key genes and pathways. In addition, real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to verify the expression of key genes. Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the expression of key genes in PBMCs between the two groups. Spearman rank correlation analysis was used to explore the relationship between SLE disease activity and the level of key genes. Results:Six data sets were included in this study. A total of 166 genes related to ferroptosis were differentially expressed between SLE and HC groups. The differential genes were specifically expressed in alveolar macrophages, neutrophils, CD49 + cells and CD31 + cells. GO enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that the differentially expressed genes were mainly involved in multiple signaling pathways closely related to SLE, such as oxidative stress response, infection and TNF signaling pathway. Hub genes screened by different algorithms all suggested RELA as a key gene, and RT-qPCR confirmed that compared with the RELA gene expression level in the HC group [0.75(0.37,1.13)], the expression level in SLE group [2.02 (1.19,4.06)] was increased, the difference was statistically significant ( Z=-3.08, P=0.002), and was positively correlated with the corresponding SLEDAI score of SLE samples ( r=0.52, P=0.019). Conclusion:The ferroptosis of many immune cells, including alveolar macrophages and CD49 + NK cells, is involved in the pathogenesis of SLE. RELA may be involved in the ferroptosis of PBMCs in SLE through the NF-κB pathway.

Objective:To investigate the mid-and long-term clinical efficacy of modified Colonna arthroplasty in the treatment of unilateral dislocation type developmental dysplasia of hip (DDH) in adolescents.Methods:A total of 28 adolescent DDH patients with unilateral dislocation who underwent modified Colonna capsular arthroplasty from January 2016 to January 2018 in the 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of People's Liberation Army were retrospectively analyzed. There were 4 males and 24 females, aged 16.5±5.0 years (range, 10-25 years). The mean body mass index was 21.2±1.1 kg/m 2 (range, 18.7-24.1 kg/m 2). According to DDH classification, 10 cases were Tonnis type III and 18 cases were Tonnis type IV. The postoperative lateral center-edge angle, acetabular coverage, femoral anteversion angle and leg length discrepancy were measured. The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, visual analogue scale (VAS) of hip pain, Harris hip score (HHS) and congenital dislocation of the hip score were recorded. Results:All patients successfully completed the operation and were followed up for 72.1±5.2 months (range, 60-84 months). The operation time was 81.6±4.3 min (range, 70-90 min), the intraoperative blood loss was 177.5±12.6 ml (range, 160-200 ml), and the hospital stay was 6.8±0.7 days (range, 6-9 days). The VAS score of the hip joint was 1.8±0.6 before operation and 2.3±0.6 at the last follow-up, and the difference was not statistically significant ( t=2.845, P=0.224). The preoperative HHS score was 57.1±5.9, and it increased to 87.3±4.0 at the last follow-up, and the difference was statistically significant ( t=-22.141, P=0.001). At the last follow-up, the femoral anteversion angle was 17.0°±1.5°, which was lower than that before operation 41.6°±2.4°, with a statistically significant difference ( t=-44.868, P=0.008). The leg length discrepancy was 10.2±2.3 mm, which was lower than that before operation (26.4±6.1 mm), with a statistically significant difference ( t=-12.892, P<0.001). The lateral center-edge angle was 28° (26°, 30°), and the acetabular coverage rate was 78% (76%, 79%). The curative effect evaluation standard score of congenital dislocation of the hip was 24 (16.7, 25.7) points, including 7 excellent cases, 14 good cases, 4 fair cases, and 3 poor cases. The excellent and good rate was 75% (21/28). Conclusion:The modified Colonna arthroplasty for the treatment of unilateral dislocation DDH in adolescents has good mid-and long-term hip function recovery and radiographic improvement.

Objective:To investigate the clinical value of left ventricular shape index (SI) and eccentricity index (EI) in evaluating left ventricular remodeling.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on 324 patients (264 males, 60 females, age (62.5±11.8) years) diagnosed with myocardial infarction (MI) and 113 healthy controls (HC; 47 males, 66 females, age (57.8±10.7) years) who received gated myocardial perfusion imaging (GMPI) in First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University from January 2016 to September 2020. SI (end-diastolic SI (EDSI), end-systolic SI (ESSI)), EI and left ventricular function parameters (end-diastolic volume (EDV), end-systolic volume (ESV), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), summed motion score (SMS), summed thickening score (STS), peak ejection rate (PER) and peak filling rate (PFR)) were obtained by quantitative gated SPECT (QGS) software. Propensity score (PS) inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) was used to balance the intergroup covariates. The differences and correlations of EDSI, ESSI, EI and left ventricular function parameters between patients in MI group and HC group were analyzed. ROC curve analysis was used to evaluate the values of EDV, EDSI, ESSI and EI alone and in combination in the assessment of left ventricular systolic function impairment. Data were analyzed by independent-sample t test, Pearson correlation and Spearman rank correlation analyses, and Delong test. Results:After IPTW, EDSI and ESSI in MI group ( n=319) were higher than those in HC group ( n=133; EDSI: 0.66±0.09 vs 0.60±0.06; ESSI: 0.59±0.11 vs 0.47±0.07; t values: 8.05, 14.67, both P<0.001), and EI was lower than that in HC group (0.81±0.06 vs 0.85±0.03; t=-8.93, P<0.001). In both groups, there were significant correlations between EDSI and ESSI ( r values: 0.928, 0.873), between EDSI, ESSI and EI ( r values: from -0.831 to -0.641), between EDSI, ESSI and LVEF ( r values: from -0.627 to -0.201), between ESSI and EDV, ESV and SMS ( rs values: 0.336-0.584), between ESSI and -PER, PFR ( rs values: from -0.406 to -0.402, r values: from -0.352 to -0.325) (all P<0.01). ROC curve analysis showed that EDV (AUC: 0.895) and ESSI (AUC: 0.839) had the highest efficacy in evaluating left ventricular systolic function impairment in MI group and HC group, respectively. EDV-EDSI-ESSI-(1-EI) had higher efficacy in the assessment of impaired left ventricular systolic function in MI group (AUC: 0.956), which was higher than that of EDV or EDV-EDSI or EDV-ESSI or EDV-(1-EI) ( z values: from -2.64 to -2.18, P values: 0.008-0.029); EDV-EDSI-ESSI-(1-EI) also had high efficacy in HC group (AUC: 0.911), which was higher than that of EDV or EDV-EDSI or EDV-(1-EI) ( z values: from -2.60 to -2.43, P values: 0.009-0.015). Conclusions:In MI patients, the increase of SI and the decrease of EI indicate the increase of left ventricular sphericity and the aggravation of left ventricular remodeling. SI and EI have certain clinical application values in evaluating left ventricular morphology, predicting left ventricular remodeling and left ventricular systolic function impairment.

Objective:To construct 68Ga-1, 4, 7-trizacyclononane-1, 4, 7-triacetic acid (NOTA)-CD44 as a novel atherosclerosis tracer targeting hyaluronic acid (HA), and evaluate its biological property and molecular imaging features. Methods:Low molecular weight (LMW) recombinant human CD44 protein was selected, and the C-terminal of the protein was modified by sulfonation and coupled to the bifunctional ligand NOTA to synthesize a novel molecular probe 68Ga-NOTA-CD44 targeting HA. The biological properties of the probe, such as labeling rate and in vitro stability, were studied. Three atherosclerotic plaque model mice and three normal C57BL/6 mice were studied by 68Ga-NOTA-CD44 microPET/CT imaging and pathological examination. Results:68Ga-NOTA-CD44 tracer was synthesized and purified with the radiochemical purity above 99%, and the specific activity was up to 62.22 MBq/nmol. lts stability was good in PBS, and the radiochemical purity was over 90% after incubation for 3 h. After intravenous injection, the probe was metabolized mainly by the kidneys, and its metabolic level decreased successively in the liver, lungs and blood. MicroPET/CT imaging results of atherosclerotic model mice suggested that the uptake in the plaque of abdominal aorta was higher at 60 min after injection, with SUV max and target/background ratio (TBR) max of 1.14±0.02 and 4.95±0.93, and the probe had certain atherosclerotic plaque eroded targeting, which was consistent with the pathological result. Conclusions:As a novel probe, 68Ga-NOTA-CD44 is simple to prepare and has a high labeling rate. It has good physicochemical properties and in vivo biological properties, and can display atherosclerotic eroded plaques sensitively. 68Ga-NOTA-CD44 has a promising prospect to be a new molecular probe for early noninvasive recognition of atherosclerotic eroded plaques.

In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) technology represented by deep learning (DL) has developed rapidly, and smart medical care has become one of the most important application areas of AI. As the most accurate noninvasive test to assess myocardial blood flow, myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) has important clinical values. At present, the use of DL algorithms to establish learning models for MPI images is still in the research stage, and more external verification and iterative updates are needed before it can be widely used in real time clinical practice. In this article, the application of DL algorithms in MPI is comprehensively elaborated to provide a basis and direction for further research.

It is found that acupuncture can significantly improve the clinical symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) such as pain and joint stiffness, and improve rheumatoid factor, high-sensitivity CRP, ESR and other clinical indicators. It can inhibit the proliferation of synovial cells, the apoptosis of chondrocytes, and regulate polarization balabce of mononuclear macrophages, T cells, as well as inhibit the inflammatory function of multiple immune cells, in order to improve inflammation state of RA joints. In clinical treatment of RA, bladder meridian, stomach meridian, spleen meridian , and Governor Vessel are mostly selected. Acupoints with the efficacy of warming meridian, dispelling coldness and dredging collaterals were commonly selected such as Zusanli (ST36), Yanglinquan (GB34), Dazhui (GV14), Quchi (LI11). Several researches have proved that combined therapy of acupuncture and medicine is worthy promotion in clinic.