italic>Salmonella has emerged as a promising tumor-targeting strategy in recent years due to its good tumor targeting ability and certain safety. In order to further optimize its therapeutic effect, scientists have tried to modify Salmonella, including its attenuation and drug loading. This paper summarizes the mechanism and research progress of Salmonella-mediated targeted tumor therapy, and introduces the strategies and related progress of its modification and optimization. At the same time, the advantages, current challenges and future development directions of Salmonella-mediated tumor therapy are summarized.

To revise GBZ 188 Technical Specification for Occupational Health Surveillance based on national laws, regulations, standards, specifications and legal documents of occupational disease, and combination with the actual situation in China. The main modifications are as follows: the occupational health surveillance for workers exposed to toluene (xylene may implement by reference), bromopropane, methyl iodide, ethylene oxide, chloroacetic acid, indium and its compounds, coal tar, coal tarasphalt, asphalt, β-naphthylamine, dust of metal and its compounds(tin, iron, antimony, barium and its compounds), hard metal dust, erionite dust, low temperature, laser, tick-borne encephalitis virus, Borrelia burgdorferi, and human immunodeficiency virus, for scraper or grind operators, and underground workers using squatting or kneeling position, crawling position, side-lying position, or shoulder position for a long period of time are included. The emergency health screening for workers exposed to arsenic, fluorine and its inorganic compounds, and acrylamide are included. The occupational medical examination (OME) for workers exposed to amino and nitro compounds of benzene, phosgene, monomethylamine, organic fluorine and dimethyl sulfate has been adjusted and made mandatory, with corresponding assessments required upon leaving the job. The special occupational health surveillance for workers exposed to mycobacterium tuberculosis and hepatitis virus is removed. The OME conclusion of reexamination is removed, and standardize recheck/additional inspection requirements. The optional items in OME performed before, during and after leaving post are removed, but the optional items in emergency medical examination are retained. Additional OME items are added. The Guideline for OME Summary Reports is added as informative appendix, and so on. The revised GBZ 188 Technical Specification for Occupational Health Surveillance is more scientific and practical.

The aim of this study is to apply 3D printing technology to hospital drug dosing operations, and explore its feasibility and scalability. Drugs often dosed in hospitals are selected as models. The commercially available drug was ground into powder, diluted with medicinal excipients and then mixed with 75% ethanol and binder to prepare a paste for 3D printing. The dose and physicochemical properties of divided tablets were controlled by setting print parameters and printing models in computer software. Different 3D printers were employed to evaluate the impact of the device on the dosing tablet. Two drugs were dosed in this study to explore the scalability of 3D printing technology between different drugs. The drug content of the three divided dose tablets (warfarin sodium 1 mg, 2 mg, hydrochlorothiazide 5 mg) was 1.02±0.03, 1.96±0.01, 5.19±0.06 mg. The content uniformity was 1.0, 5.3, 2.6, respectively. The drug dissolution rate was (99.3±1.2)%, (101.5±0.3)%, (98.1±0.8)% in 45, 45 and 30 min. The mechanical properties of the three sub-doses and the stability within 30 days were in line with the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015) requirements. At the same time, it was found that the printing parameters and prescriptions can affect the properties of the divided dose tablets. By controlling the dilution ratio of commercial drug and printing parameters, the drug release rate can be customized to achieve individualized treatment. Both different modes of 3D printers can produce qualified sub-doses, and 3D print dispensing technology was also versatile between the two drugs. 3D printing can prepare small-volume, high-precision, high-repetition dosing tablets, with all properties in compliance with pharmacopoeia regulations. Thus, this method can be used as a new and scalable sub-dosing method.

The Three-year Tough Action Plan for Endemic Diseases Control (2018–2020), which was formulated by 10 ministries of China, was issued on November 29, 2018. Schistosomiasis control is an important part of this plan, and the implementation of the plan provides an important basis for the health poverty alleviation and the fight against schistosomiasis in China. This paper describes the objective and principle of the plan and proposes "six actions" and supporting measures to implement the three-year tough action targeting schistosomiasis, with aims to guide the scientific implementation of the three-year tough action against schistosomiasis and facilitate the progress towards schistosomiasis elimination in China.

Information department in hospitals shoulders the tasks of construction,operation,maintenance and super-vision of hospital information system ( HIS) . The work load increases with the update of HIS. The key issues con-cerned by the chief of HIS include the over planning of resources,optimizing the allocation of techniques,enforcing the means of management, improving the level of service and the efficiency of support. The principles for the design of performance appraisal program and the specific appraisal indicators in Information Department of Chinese PLA Second Artillery Forces were thus described in this paper in an attempt to provide reference for the information management in other hospitals.

Aptamers are capable of binding a wide range of biomolecular targets with high affinity and specificity. It has been widely developed for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Because of unique three dimensional structures and cell-membrane penetration, aptamers inhibit virus infection not only through binding specific target, such as the viral envelope, genomic site, enzyme, or other viral components, but also can be connected to each other or with siRNA jointly achieve antiviral activity. Taking human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C virus as examples, this paper reviewed the effects and mechanisms of aptamers on disturbing viral infection and replication steps. It may provide an insight to the development of aptamer-based new antiviral drugs.
Antiviral Agents ; pharmacology ; Aptamers, Nucleotide ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Genome, Viral ; drug effects ; HIV ; drug effects ; HIV Reverse Transcriptase ; metabolism ; Hepacivirus ; drug effects ; genetics ; Humans ; Macular Degeneration ; drug therapy ; Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides ; therapeutic use ; RNA, Small Interfering ; pharmacology ; SELEX Aptamer Technique ; Viral Envelope Proteins ; metabolism ; Virus Replication ; drug effects

OBJECTIVETo investigate the impact of the ischemic postconditioning on the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α/IL-6/signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT)-3 signal pathway of liver regeneration.

METHODSNinety healthy clean grade male Sprague-Dawley rats weighting 230 to 280 g were selected and assigned into three groups randomly: group I subtotal hepatectomy (SH), group II ischemia reperfusion (IR), group III ischemic postconditioning (IPO). The left and middle liver was resected, and the remnant liver was treated as followed: the blood flow was not blocked in SH group, but blocked 30 minutes in IR group, then reperfused; IPO groups received three cycles of 30 s-30 s intermittent interruptions of blood flow at onset of reperfusion. At 1, 6, 12, 24, 48 h after reperfusion, the serum TNF-α, IL-6 was detected and the mRNA of cyclinD1, Cdk4, STAT-3 was assayed by real-time PCR as well as the protein expression of cyclinD1 and Cdk4 by Western blot.

RESULTSCompared with SH group, the expression of IL-6 declined at each set time point in IR group (t = 5.076 to 8.334, P = 0.000), but the content of TNF-α increased in early stage (1 to 12 h) (t = 2.972 to 7.215, P = 0.000 - 0.014). The expression of STAT-3, cyclinD1 and Cdk4 mRNA and protein of cyclinD1 and Cdk4 at 24 and 48 h after reperfusion were lower in IR group than in SH group (t = 2.857 to 6.684, P = 0.000 to 0.017). However, there was a significant decrease in TNF-α from 1 to 12 h after reperfusion (t = 2.995 to 4.112, P = 0.002 to 0.017), but a significant increase in IL-6 in IPO group than in IR group (t = 2.458 to 3.543, P = 0.005 to 0.034). The expression of STAT-3, cyclinD1, Cdk4 mRNA and protein of cyclinD1 and Cdk4 at 24 and 48 h after reperfusion were all increased in IPO group in comparison with in IR group (t = 2.383 to 6.803, P = 0.000 to 0.038).

CONCLUSIONSThe ischemic postconditioning could promote the remnant liver regeneration after subtotal hepatectomy with ischemia reperfusion injury. Its mechanism relates with the activation of the TNF-α/IL-6/STAT-3 signal pathway of and the cyclinD1-Cdk4 complex which enhances the proliferation of hepatocyte.

Animals ; Cyclin D1 ; metabolism ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4 ; metabolism ; Hepatectomy ; Interleukin-6 ; metabolism ; Ischemic Postconditioning ; Liver ; metabolism ; Liver Regeneration ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; STAT3 Transcription Factor ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; metabolism

ObjectiveTo study the efficacy of adjuvant percutaneous transhepatic portal vein chemoembolization (PVCE) in the prevention of tumor recurrence after partial hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma.MethodsThe clinical data of 89 patients who received liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma in our hospital from January 2007 to January 2010 were studied retrospectively.41patients received PVCE (the treatment group) while 48 patients received no PVCE (the control group).Postoperative recurrence and cumulative disease free survivals were compared using the Kaplan-Meier method.ResultsOn follow-up which ranged from 6-42 months,the 1- and 2-year disease free survivals were 76.5％ and 48.0％ in the treatment group,and 53.8％ and 25.8％ respectively in the control group (P＜0.05).The mean disease free survivals were 19.91 (95％ CI,16.09-23.73)and 13.8 months (95 ％ CI,10.95-16.65),respectively.The cumulative disease free survivals in the PVCE group were significantly higher than the control group (P=0.01).Cox multivariate analysis showed that adjuvant PVCE,tumor size,portal vein thrombosis,and postoperative transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) were independent factors of disease free survival.ConclusionAdjuvant PVCE was effective in preventing postoperative recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma after partial hepatectomy.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the value of spiral CT examination for diagnosis occult fracture of the patients with negative result of X-ray examination and with high suspicion of fractures,so as to reduce misdiagnosis.

METHODSFrom January 2007 to June 2010, 31 patients with ankle trauma performed spiral CT examination, including 18 males and 13 females, ranging in age from 21 to 67 years, with a mean of 35 years. The main symptoms of the patients included ankle pain, local swelling, obvious tenderness and activity limitation. All the patients had negative results of X-ray examination.

RESULTSThe spiral CT examination revealed 11 patients with fractures, involving a total of 17 points. Single fracture were found in 6 cases,and multiple fractures were found in 5 cases. Among single fractures, the lateral malleolus fracture was found in 1 case, talus fracture was found in 1 case, scaphoid fracture was found in 1 case, the fracture of the base of 5th metatarsal base was found in 1 case and calcaneal fractures were found in 2 cases. Within multiple fractures,internal and lateral malleolus fracture were found in 1 case; medial malleolus, calcaneus and talus fractures were found in 1 case; talus and scaphoid fractures were found in 1 case; the fractures of 1st and 2nd cuneiform bone were found in 1 case; the 2nd and 3rd metatarsal base fracture was found in 1 case.

CONCLUSIONFor the patients with negative X-ray examination and high suspicion of fractures,the spiral CT examination is needed, which could significantly improve the detection rate of occult fractures, and provide imaging basis for clinical treatment and judicial identify.

Adult ; Aged ; Ankle Injuries ; diagnostic imaging ; Female ; Foot Injuries ; diagnostic imaging ; Fractures, Closed ; diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Tomography, Spiral Computed ; methods

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the therapeutic effect of comprehensive therapeutic protocol of electroacupuncture combined with active-blood-and-dissolve-stasis herbs and rehabilitation training for cerebral infarction.

METHODSA multi-center randomized controlled trial was done, three hundred and twenty cases were divided into four groups: electroacupuncture combined with active-blood and dissolve-stasis herbs and rehabilitation training group (group A), electroacupuncture combined with rehabilitation training group (group B), herbs combined with rehabilitation training group (group C) and rehabilitation training group (group D), 80 cases in each group. The following two groups of acupoints were used alternatively in electroacupuncture treatment: the first group including Vasomotor Area, Jianyu (LI 15), Biguan (ST 31), Hegu (LI 4) and Taichong (LR 3); the second group including Motor Area, Quchi (LI 11), Yanglingquan (GB 34) and Shenshu (BL 23). 20 mL Xiangdan injection and 250 mL 5% glucose injection or 250 mL 0.9% sodium chloride injection were used by intravenous drip in herbs treatment once a day. The rehabilitation training was performed by the professional physical therapist. Each group was treated with corresponding treatment protocol. The therapeutic effect was evaluated by index of the mortality or disability rate 3 months after the onset of disease. The intention to treat analysis (ITT) was used in data.

RESULTSThe mortality or handicap rate 3 months after the onset of disease of four groups were 17.5% (14/80) in group A, 22.5% (18/80) in group B, 40. 0% (32/80) in group C, and 31.3% (25/80) in group D, respectively. The group A has a best therapeutic effect (vs group C, group D, both P<0.05), and there was no adverse event.

CONCLUSIONThe combined application of electroacupuncture, active-blood and dissolve-stasis herbs and rehabilitation training is a better treatment for cerebral infarction in clinic.

Adult ; Aged ; Cerebral Infarction ; drug therapy ; rehabilitation ; therapy ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Electroacupuncture ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged