No abstract available.
Humans ; Surgeons* ; Thyroid Gland* ; Thyroid Neoplasms*

PURPOSE: This study was to identify relationships of maternal psychosocial factors including mother's mood state, childcare stress, social support and sleep satisfaction with breastfeeding adaptation and immune substances in breast milk, especially secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) and transforming growth factor-beta 2 (TGF-beta2). METHODS: Data were collected from 84 mothers who delivered full-term infants by natural childbirth. Structured questionnaires and breast milk were collected at 2~4 days and 6 weeks postpartum. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation, multiple linear regression, and generalized estimating equation (GEE). RESULTS: Scores for the breastfeeding adaptation scale were significantly related with child care stress, mood state and social support. Mother's anger was positively correlated with the level of sIgA in colostrum (p<.01). Immune substances of breastmilk was significantly influenced by time for milk collection (p<.001) and the type of breastfeeding (sIgA, p<.001, TGF-beta2, p=.003). Regression analysis showed that breastfeeding adaptation could be explained 59.1% by the type of breastfeeding, childcare stress, the Profile of Mood States, emotional support and sleep quality (F=16.67, p<.001). CONCLUSION: The findings from this study provide important concepts of breastfeeding adaptation program and explanation of psychosocial factors by immune substances in breast milk. Future research, specially, bio-maker research on breast milk should focus on the ways to improve breastfeeding adaptation.
Adaptation, Psychological ; Anger ; Breast Feeding* ; Child ; Child Care ; Colostrum ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin A, Secretory ; Immunologic Factors ; Infant ; Linear Models ; Milk ; Milk, Human* ; Mothers ; Natural Childbirth ; Postpartum Period ; Pregnancy ; Psychology* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Transforming Growth Factor beta2

BACKGROUND: Most lung cancer patients receive systemic chemotherapy at an advanced stage disease. Cisplatin-based chemotherapy is the main regimen for treating advanced lung cancer. Recently, autophagy has become an important mechanism of cellular adaptation under starvation or cell oxidative stress. The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not autophagy can occurred in cisplatin-treated lung cancer cells. METHODS: H460 cells were incubated with RPMI 1640 and treated in 5 micrometer or 20 micrometer cisplatin concentrations at specific time intervals. Cells surviving cisplatin treatment were measured and compared using an MTT cell viability assay to cells that underwent apoptosis with autophagy by nuclear staining, apoptotic or autophagic related proteins, and autophagic vacuoles. The development of acidic vascular organelles was using acridine orange staining and fluorescent expression of GFP-LC3 protein in its transfected cells was observed to evaluate autophagy. RESULTS: Lung cancer cells treated with 5 micrometer cisplatin-treated were less sensitive to cell death than 20 micrometer cisplatin-treated cells in a time-dependent manner. Nuclear fragmentation at 5 micrometer was not detected, even though it was discovered at 20 micrometer. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavages were not detected in 5 micrometer within 24 hours. Massive vacuolization in the cytoplasm of 5 micrometer treated cells were observed. Acridine orange stain-positive cells was increased according in time-dependence manner. The autophagosome-incorporated LC3 II protein expression was increased in 5 micrometer treated cells, but was not detected in 20 micrometer treated cells. The expression of GFP-LC3 were increased in 5 micrometer treated cells in a time-dependent manner. CONCLUSION: The induction of autophagy occurred in 5 micrometer dose of cisplatin-treated lung cancer cells.
Acridine Orange ; Apoptosis ; Autophagy ; Cell Death ; Cell Survival ; Cisplatin ; Cytoplasm ; Humans ; Lung ; Lung Neoplasms ; Organelles ; Oxidative Stress ; Proteins ; Starvation ; Vacuoles

BACKGROUND: Most lung cancer patients receive systemic chemotherapy at an advanced stage disease. Cisplatin-based chemotherapy is the main regimen for treating advanced lung cancer. Recently, autophagy has become an important mechanism of cellular adaptation under starvation or cell oxidative stress. The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not autophagy can occurred in cisplatin-treated lung cancer cells. METHODS: H460 cells were incubated with RPMI 1640 and treated in 5 micrometer or 20 micrometer cisplatin concentrations at specific time intervals. Cells surviving cisplatin treatment were measured and compared using an MTT cell viability assay to cells that underwent apoptosis with autophagy by nuclear staining, apoptotic or autophagic related proteins, and autophagic vacuoles. The development of acidic vascular organelles was using acridine orange staining and fluorescent expression of GFP-LC3 protein in its transfected cells was observed to evaluate autophagy. RESULTS: Lung cancer cells treated with 5 micrometer cisplatin-treated were less sensitive to cell death than 20 micrometer cisplatin-treated cells in a time-dependent manner. Nuclear fragmentation at 5 micrometer was not detected, even though it was discovered at 20 micrometer. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavages were not detected in 5 micrometer within 24 hours. Massive vacuolization in the cytoplasm of 5 micrometer treated cells were observed. Acridine orange stain-positive cells was increased according in time-dependence manner. The autophagosome-incorporated LC3 II protein expression was increased in 5 micrometer treated cells, but was not detected in 20 micrometer treated cells. The expression of GFP-LC3 were increased in 5 micrometer treated cells in a time-dependent manner. CONCLUSION: The induction of autophagy occurred in 5 micrometer dose of cisplatin-treated lung cancer cells.
Acridine Orange ; Apoptosis ; Autophagy ; Cell Death ; Cell Survival ; Cisplatin ; Cytoplasm ; Humans ; Lung ; Lung Neoplasms ; Organelles ; Oxidative Stress ; Proteins ; Starvation ; Vacuoles

We report a surgical case of primary polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma (PLGA) of the minor salivary gland-type of the lung. A PLGA originating from the right upper lobar bronchial inlet was successfully treated by sleeve right upper lobectomy. PLGAs are thought to be indolent tumors that are preferentially localized to the palate, and they affect the minor salivary glands almost exclusively. Until now, two cases of distant metastases to the lung have been reported in the English literature. To the best of our knowledge, only one case of PLGA of minor salivary glandtype of the lung without evidence of a previous oropharyngeal primary tumor has been reported in the English literature. But the case was not a single lesion; it was bilateral tumors accompanied by tumors of the cervical lymph nodes. We report here the first case of a single primary PLGA of the minor salivary gland-type of the lung, which was successfully treated by sleeve bronchial resection of right upper lobe.
Treatment Outcome ; Salivary Gland Neoplasms/pathology/*surgery ; Lung Neoplasms/pathology/*secondary/*surgery ; Humans ; Female ; Bronchi/*surgery ; Aged ; Adenocarcinoma/pathology/*secondary/*surgery

PURPOSE: We prospectively conducted a non-randomized phase II trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of combination irinotecan, leucovorin (LV) and 5-fluorouracil (FU) as a first-line regimen for treating patients with previously untreated advanced colorectal cancer (CRC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-six previously untreated patients with advanced, recurrent or metastatic CRC were enrolled in this study. The patients received either irinotecan 180 mg/m2 on day 1 with LV bolus of 200 mg/m2 and FU bolus of 400 mg/m2, and this was followed by FU continuous infusion of 600 mg/m2 on day 1 and day 2 (the FOLFIRI regimen), or they were treated with LV bolus of 400 mg/m2 and FU bolus of 400 mg/m2 followed by FU continuous infusion of 2,400 mg/m2 for 46 hours (the simplified FOLFIRI regimen), and these treatments were repeated every 2 weeks until disease progression. RESULTS: The objective response rate was 23.1% (6/26) respectively, for both treatments. The median time to progression was 5.3 months (range: 0.4~19.9), and the overall survival was 11.2 months (range: 0.5~52.3). The prognostic factor for longer survival was the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status (PS). The non-hematological toxicities were similar for both treatment groups, with more frequent grade > or =3 neutropenia being noted for the simplified FOLFIRI regimen. CONCLUSION: The biweekly irinotecan based regimen was demonstrated to have a moderate antitumor activity with acceptable toxicity profiles, and the ECOG PS was the independent prognostic factor.
Colorectal Neoplasms* ; Disease Progression ; Fluorouracil* ; Humans ; Leucovorin* ; Neutropenia ; Prospective Studies

OBJECTIVES: We investigated the association of SNP A and P1763 polymorphisms on dystrobrevin binding protein 1(DTNBP1) gene with smooth pursuit eye movement(SPEM) abnormality in Korean schizophrenic patients. METHODS: We measured SPEM function in 217 Korean schizophrenics(male 116, female 101) and divided them into two groups, one is a good SPEM function group and the other is a poor SPEM function group. We then analyzed SNP A polymorphism and P1763 polymorphism on DTNBP1 gene from their DNAs extracted from their blood. We compared the differences of genotype and allele distributions of the two polymorphisms on DTNBP1 gene between the two groups. RESULTS: The Ln S/N ratio(mean+/-SD) of the good SPEM function group was 4.39+/-0.33 and the ratio of poor SPEM function group was 3.17+/-0.71. There were no statistically significant differences of age and male/female ratio between the two groups. There were no significant differences of genotype or allele distributions of the SNP A polymorphism and P1763 polymorphism on DTNBP1 gene between the two schizophrenic groups divided by SPEM function. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that SNP A polymorphism and P1763 polymorphism on DTNBP1 gene might not be related to SPEM function abnormality in schizophrenia.
Alleles ; Carrier Proteins* ; DNA ; Female ; Genotype ; Humans ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Pursuit, Smooth* ; Schizophrenia

PURPOSE: When used in the second-line setting, single- agent chemotherapy has produced response rates of more than 10% or median survival times greater than 4 months. We studied the safety and efficacy of using second-line single docetaxel (75 mg/m2) for advanced NSCLC patients who were previously treated with platinum-based chemotherapy in Korea. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-three patients with advanced NSCLC received chemotherapy from May 2002 to January 2005. We retrospectively reviewed the charts of these patients. The patients received 75 mg/m2 of doxetaxel on day 1 and this was repeated at 3-week intervals. RESULTS: The median age was 63 years (range: 42~77 years); 16 patients had adenocarcinoma and 8 patients had squamous cell carcinoma. The median number of cycles was 4 (range: 1~7 cycles). Of the 33 patients, 6 patients had partial responses, 13 patients had stable disease and 14 patients had progressive disease. The response rate was 18.2%. The median overall survival was 11 months (range: 7~15 months), and the median progression free survival was 5 months (range: 3~7 months). The median response duration was 5 months (range: 4~9 months). A total of 137 cycles were evaluated for toxicity. We observed grade 3 or 4 neutropenia in 79 cycles (57.6%), grade 3 or 4 leukopenia in 46 cycles (33.6%), and grade 3 febrile neutropenia in 2 cycles (1.5%). The median nadir day was day 9 (range: day 5~19), and the median number of G-CSF injections was 2 (range: 0~6). The most common non-hematologic toxicities were myalgia/arthralgia and neurotoxicity, but any grade 3 or 4 non-hematologic toxicity was not observed. The major toxicity of this therapy was neutropenia. The absolute neutrophil count decreased relatively rapidly, but neutropenic fever or related infection was rare. There were no treatment-related deaths. CONCLUSION: These results revealed a satisfactory response rate (18.2%) with using docetaxel as the second- line chemotherapy for NSCLC. The second-line docetaxel was an active and well-tolerated regimen in patients with advanced NSCLC pretreated with platinum-based chemotherapy.
Adenocarcinoma ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung* ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Disease-Free Survival ; Drug Therapy* ; Febrile Neutropenia ; Fever ; Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor ; Humans ; Korea ; Leukopenia ; Neutropenia ; Neutrophils ; Retrospective Studies

BACKGROUND: Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) is an important method of renal replacement therapy in chronic renal failure, and reduction of dialysis-associated complication is essential to successful peritoneal dialysis. But catheter related infection is a major cause of catheter loss and transferring to hemodialysis. We use an unique catheter revision method for the treatment of intractable exit-site/tunnel infection in CAPD patients. METHODS: We reviewed 322 CAPD patients on the ESI/TI from May 1995 to January 2003 at Yeungnam University Hospital. Forty-four patients had exit-site infection more than one times. Prevalence of exit-site infection, kinds of causative micro- organism and results of catheter revision were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: Total follow-up was 5, 834 patient months. ESI occurred on 141 occasions in 44 patients out of 322 patients and cumulative incidence of ESI was 1 per 41.4 patient months. We started empiric antibiotic therapy with oral penicillinase- resistant penicillin and quinolones, thereafter adjusted antibiotics according to the results of culture and sensitivity. The most common organism responsible for ESI was Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA, 34.8%), followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (25.5%). Nineteen patients had to be treated with catheter revision to control intractable ESI/TI. With analysis of ten patients who showed relapsed ESI after catheter revision, 5 patients improved with antibiotic therapy and 3 patients improved with additional secondary revision, but remaining 2 patients showed removal of peritoneal catheter to treat combined peritonitis. CONCLUSION: Catheter revision technique can be regarded as an effective alternative method to treat intractable exit site/tunnel infection before removal of catheter in CAPD patients.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Catheters* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Incidence ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; Penicillins ; Peritoneal Dialysis ; Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory* ; Peritonitis ; Prevalence ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; Quinolones ; Renal Dialysis ; Renal Replacement Therapy ; Retrospective Studies ; Staphylococcus aureus

PURPOSE: Increasing experimental evidence indicates that abnormal expression of c-kit may be implicated in the pathogenesis of a variety of solid tumors. It has been reported that over 70% of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) contain the c-kit receptor. In the present study, a c-kit analysis has been extended to non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The expressions of p53, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and cd34, in addition to c-kit, were evaluated to investigate the correlations between these proteins and to determine their potential relationships with the clinicopathological data. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Paraffin-embedded tumor sections, obtained from 147 patients with NSCLC, were immunohistochemically investigated using anti-c-kit, anti- p53, anti-VEGF and anti-cd34 antibodies. RESULTS: c-kit was expressed in 40 (27%) of the tumors examined: 27% of the adenocarcinomas, 27% of the squamous cell carcinomas and 29% of the undifferentiated carcinomas. p53 and VEG F immunoreactivities were present in 107 (73%) and 110 (75%) carcinomas, respectively. Anti-cd34 was negative in all samples. No associations were established among these proteins. The c-kit, however, showed a strong correlation with the T factor: T1 (n=11), 0%; T2 (n=49), 16% and T3 (n=87), 37% (p=.006). CONCLUSION: It is suggested that in NSCLC c-kit is expressed relatively frequently and may become a therapeutic target for the patients with inoperable or recurrent c-kit positive tumors. The alterations in p53 probably constitute an early event, whereas the activated c-kit may contribute to tumor progression.
Adenocarcinoma ; Antibodies ; Carcinoma ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lung Neoplasms* ; Lung* ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit ; Small Cell Lung Carcinoma ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A