Purpose: The study aimed to classify patient safety accident and nursing malpractice types through a content analysis of litigation cases in which nurses were found guilty. Methods: Data on malpractice cases were collected from the official website of the Korean judiciary. This analysis was conducted in stages according to the systematic content analysis method. A total of 46 cases consisting of 14 criminal cases and 32 civil cases were selected for analysis, and classified based on the types of safety accident and nursing malpractice. Results: Eleven categories and 14 subcategories of accidents were extracted from 71 significant statements. The 11 categories of accidents consisted of falls, medication, burns, treatment, diet, medical equipment, delivery, exams, surgery, infection, and suicide. Five categories and 14 subcategories of nursing malpractice were extracted from 71 significant statements. The five categories of malpractice were as follows: failure to take affirmative action to prevent accidents, monitor, follow guidelines, use equipment properly, and reports. Conclusion These findings highlight the importance of nurses’ independent roles as patients’ safety managers. It can be used as primary data to develop organizational and educational support for nurses seeking to perform their professional roles in ensuring patient safety.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are known for their role in mRNA silencing via interference pathways. Repetitive elements (REs) share several characteristics with endogenous precursor miRNAs. In this study, 406 previously identified and 1,494 novel RE-derived miRNAs were sorted from the GENCODE v.19 database using the RepeatMasker program. They were divided into six major types, based on their genomic structure. More novel RE-derived miRNAs were confirmed than identified as RE-derived miRNAs. In conclusion, many miRNAs have not yet been identified, most of which are derived from REs.
Classification* ; Interspersed Repetitive Sequences ; MicroRNAs* ; RNA, Messenger

Pertussis is a pediatric infectious disease with one of the highest degrees of infectivity. Although pertussis may cause asymptomatic infections in children and adults with immunity, it can cause life-threatening diseases in newborn babies or infants. We report three cases of pertussis in infants <3 months of age without DTaP immunization who have received symptomatic treatment with the diagnosis of bronchiolitis from other hospitals, and subsequently correctly diagnosed and treated. The patients did not have the characteristic whooping cough, but the main symptoms were episodic cough, intermittent vomiting, and cyanosis. Based on culture results for Bordetella pertussis and PCR, pertussis was diagnosed and treated without any complications. As it is assumed that adults, adolescents, and asymptomatic patients may serve as sources of infection, immunization with Tdap vaccine is recommended to prevent dissemination of pertussis from adolescents and adults to infants, and thus maintain herd immunity.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Asymptomatic Infections ; Bordetella pertussis ; Bronchiolitis ; Child ; Communicable Diseases ; Cough ; Cyanosis ; Humans ; Immunity, Herd ; Immunization ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Vomiting ; Whooping Cough

BACKGROUND: Most lung cancer patients receive systemic chemotherapy at an advanced stage disease. Cisplatin-based chemotherapy is the main regimen for treating advanced lung cancer. Recently, autophagy has become an important mechanism of cellular adaptation under starvation or cell oxidative stress. The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not autophagy can occurred in cisplatin-treated lung cancer cells. METHODS: H460 cells were incubated with RPMI 1640 and treated in 5 micrometer or 20 micrometer cisplatin concentrations at specific time intervals. Cells surviving cisplatin treatment were measured and compared using an MTT cell viability assay to cells that underwent apoptosis with autophagy by nuclear staining, apoptotic or autophagic related proteins, and autophagic vacuoles. The development of acidic vascular organelles was using acridine orange staining and fluorescent expression of GFP-LC3 protein in its transfected cells was observed to evaluate autophagy. RESULTS: Lung cancer cells treated with 5 micrometer cisplatin-treated were less sensitive to cell death than 20 micrometer cisplatin-treated cells in a time-dependent manner. Nuclear fragmentation at 5 micrometer was not detected, even though it was discovered at 20 micrometer. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavages were not detected in 5 micrometer within 24 hours. Massive vacuolization in the cytoplasm of 5 micrometer treated cells were observed. Acridine orange stain-positive cells was increased according in time-dependence manner. The autophagosome-incorporated LC3 II protein expression was increased in 5 micrometer treated cells, but was not detected in 20 micrometer treated cells. The expression of GFP-LC3 were increased in 5 micrometer treated cells in a time-dependent manner. CONCLUSION: The induction of autophagy occurred in 5 micrometer dose of cisplatin-treated lung cancer cells.
Acridine Orange ; Apoptosis ; Autophagy ; Cell Death ; Cell Survival ; Cisplatin ; Cytoplasm ; Humans ; Lung ; Lung Neoplasms ; Organelles ; Oxidative Stress ; Proteins ; Starvation ; Vacuoles

BACKGROUND: Most lung cancer patients receive systemic chemotherapy at an advanced stage disease. Cisplatin-based chemotherapy is the main regimen for treating advanced lung cancer. Recently, autophagy has become an important mechanism of cellular adaptation under starvation or cell oxidative stress. The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not autophagy can occurred in cisplatin-treated lung cancer cells. METHODS: H460 cells were incubated with RPMI 1640 and treated in 5 micrometer or 20 micrometer cisplatin concentrations at specific time intervals. Cells surviving cisplatin treatment were measured and compared using an MTT cell viability assay to cells that underwent apoptosis with autophagy by nuclear staining, apoptotic or autophagic related proteins, and autophagic vacuoles. The development of acidic vascular organelles was using acridine orange staining and fluorescent expression of GFP-LC3 protein in its transfected cells was observed to evaluate autophagy. RESULTS: Lung cancer cells treated with 5 micrometer cisplatin-treated were less sensitive to cell death than 20 micrometer cisplatin-treated cells in a time-dependent manner. Nuclear fragmentation at 5 micrometer was not detected, even though it was discovered at 20 micrometer. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavages were not detected in 5 micrometer within 24 hours. Massive vacuolization in the cytoplasm of 5 micrometer treated cells were observed. Acridine orange stain-positive cells was increased according in time-dependence manner. The autophagosome-incorporated LC3 II protein expression was increased in 5 micrometer treated cells, but was not detected in 20 micrometer treated cells. The expression of GFP-LC3 were increased in 5 micrometer treated cells in a time-dependent manner. CONCLUSION: The induction of autophagy occurred in 5 micrometer dose of cisplatin-treated lung cancer cells.
Acridine Orange ; Apoptosis ; Autophagy ; Cell Death ; Cell Survival ; Cisplatin ; Cytoplasm ; Humans ; Lung ; Lung Neoplasms ; Organelles ; Oxidative Stress ; Proteins ; Starvation ; Vacuoles

Although Crohn's disease is usually found in the ileum and colon, it can be located in the whole gastrointestinal tract from the oral cavity to the anus. The frequency of gastroduodenal Crohn's disease is rare and is reported to range between 0.5% and 4.0% in Crohn's disease. And when Crohn's disease does involve the upper gastrointestinal tract, there is nearly always concomitant disease in the small bowel and colon. Very rarely, isolated Crohn's disease of the stomach and duodenum may occur. Definite diagnosis requires histologic confirmation, however, endoscopic biopsies often fail to reveal granuloma. Thus, if absence of definite histologic findings, combining clinical, radiologic and endoscopic findings suggest this condition. We experienced a first case of Crohn's disease confined to stomach and reported with review of the literature.
Anal Canal ; Biopsy ; Colon ; Crohn Disease* ; Diagnosis ; Duodenum ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Granuloma ; Ileum ; Mouth ; Stomach* ; Upper Gastrointestinal Tract

OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy and safety of labor induction in patients previously delivered by a low transverse cesarean section. METHOD: A retrospective review was done at Chonnam National University Hospital, Kwangju, Korea. All patients with a previous cesarean section who required labor induction from April, 1986 to June, 1999 were identified. Outcome of labor induction, including mode of delivery, maternal and perinatal morbidity, and birth trauma were evaluated. RESULTS: Trial of labor was undertaken by 1256 women(55.8%) who had previously been delivered by a low transverse cesarean section. 973 patients(77.5%) with a previous cesarean birth had a spontaneous onset of labor. Labor was induced in 283 patients(22.5%) with a previous cesarean birth. Successful vaginal delivery rate were 82.9%(807/973) in spontaneous labor and 79.2%(224/283) in induced labor group (p= NS). There were no differences in uterine dehiscence and rupture rate, perinatal and maternal mortality rate, and the rate of infants with low 1 or 5-minute Apgar scores between patients attempting a trial of labor after cesarean, spontaneous and induced. CONCLUSION: we conclude that labor induction in patients with a previous low transverse cesarean section is a safe procedure requiring close peripartum maternal and fetal surveillance.
Cesarean Section ; Female ; Gwangju ; Humans ; Infant ; Jeollanam-do ; Korea ; Labor, Induced ; Maternal Mortality ; Parturition* ; Peripartum Period ; Pregnancy ; Retrospective Studies ; Rupture ; Trial of Labor

BACKGROUND: Thyroid diseases is common in adult and frequently has significant clinical consequences. But, Prevalence have not been accurately estimated before performance of sensitive TSH and high resolution ultrasound devices on thyroid gland in practice. The objective of the study was to obstain prevalance rate of thyroid dysfunction and structural abnormality by sensitive TSH, Free T4 and high resolution ultrasound. METHODS: The subjects were 10,543(5,638 male and 4,815 female) individuals who visited a health care center of a general hospital in Kangnung city during the period of Jan. 1st, 1997 through May 31st, 2000. For thyroid dysfunction, serum TSH(Thyroid Stimulation Hormone) and Free T4 concentration of those were measured by RIA or IRMA. During the period of Dec. 1st, 1997 through May 25th, 1998, 1,316 individuals were examined by radiology specialists using high resolution ultrasonography with 7.5 MHz linear array. Consequently 21 patients who showed thyroid nodule were performed ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration. Accordingly medical records containing results of physical examination made by 3 specialists in family medicine before thyroid ultrasonography were investigated in association with other diagnostic modalities. RESULTS: The measurements of thyroid function revealed that 10,090(96.5%) were normal, 240(2.3%) low(below 0.39 mU/L) and 123(1.2%) high(above 5.1 mU/L) in TSH. In terms of prevalence rate per 1,000 population, 15.2 cases were with subclinical hyperthyroidism, and 9.0 cases with subclinical hypothyroidism, 7.7 cases with hyperthyroidism and 3.3 cases with hypothyroidism. Among 94 individuals(7.1%) with structural abnormality on thyroid gland by ultrasonography, 60(4.6%) showed solitary solid nodule, 12(0.9%) multiple solid nodules, 18(1.4%) cystic nodules and 3(0.3%) diffuse parenchymal lesions. Physical examination found only 13.3% of 91 nodules found by high-resolution ultrasonography, and nodules as large as above 1.0 cm in size were palpable only in 22.2%. 21 Of 91 thyroid nodules was received ultrasound-guided FNA and 4(19%) were found to have malignant nodules. CONCLUSION: The study results showed the relatively high rate of thyroid diseases among general population, with the prevalence rate of thyroid dysfunction 3.6%, thyroid nodule 6.9%, malignant incidentaloma among thyroid nodules 4.4%. Physical examination was relative ineffective in detection for thyroid nodules in routine health examinations.
Adult* ; Biopsy, Fine-Needle ; Delivery of Health Care ; Gangwon-do* ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Hyperthyroidism ; Hypothyroidism ; Male ; Medical Records ; Physical Examination ; Prevalence* ; Specialization ; Thyroid Diseases* ; Thyroid Gland* ; Thyroid Nodule ; Ultrasonography

The majority of undiagnosed diaphragmatic ruptures are associated with a high mortality rate if not treated immediately. A high index of suspicion for diaphragmatic injury during initial evaluation is the most important factor. A case was experienced involving delayed presentation of a traumatic diaphragmatic hernia, in a 49 year old female injured in a road traffic accident a year prior to admission. She was admitted with complaints of left side chest pain, nausea, and vomiting for 7 days. She was diagnosed as a diaphragmatic hernia on her left side by several diagnostic tests including a gastroscopy and CT scan. Her medical history was carefully examined as well. Surgical repair was performed.
Accidents, Traffic ; Chest Pain ; Diagnostic Tests, Routine ; Female ; Gastroscopy ; Hernia, Diaphragmatic ; Hernia, Diaphragmatic, Traumatic* ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Mortality ; Nausea ; Rupture ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Vomiting

No Abstract Available.
Hepatitis B e Antigens* ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens*