To explore the variation laws of volatile oil during the extraction process of Artemisiae Argyi Folium and its impact on the quality of the medicinal solution, as well as to achieve precise control of the extraction process, this study employed headspace solid phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(HS-SPME-GC-MS) in combination with multiple light scattering techniques to conduct a comprehensive analysis, identification, and characterization of the changes in volatile components and the physical properties of the medicinal solution during the extraction process. A total of 82 volatile compounds were identified using the HS-SPME-GC-MS technique, including 21 alcohols, 15 alkenes, 14 ketones, 9 acids, 6 aldehydes, 5 phenols, 3 esters, and 9 other types of compounds. At different extraction time points(15, 30, 45, and 60 min), 71, 72, 64, and 44 compounds were identified in the medicinal solution, respectively. It was observed that the content of volatile components gradually decreased with the extension of extraction time. Through multivariate statistical analysis, four compounds with significant differences during different extraction time intervals were identified, namely 1,8-cineole, terpinen-4-ol, 3-octanone, and camphor. RESULTS:: from multiple light scattering techniques indicated that at 15 minutes of extraction, the transmittance of the medicinal solution was the lowest(25%), the particle size was the largest(0.325-0.350 nm), and the stability index(turbiscan stability index, TSI) was the highest(0-2.5). With the extension of extraction time, the light transmittance of the medicinal solution improved, stability was enhanced, and the particle size decreased. These laws of physicochemical property changes provide important basis for the control of Artemisiae Argyi Folium extraction process. In addition, the changes in the bioactivity of Artemisiae Argyi Folium extracts during the extraction process were investigated through mouse writhing tests and antimicrobial assays. The results indicated that the analgesic and antimicrobial effects of the medicinal solution were strongest at the 15-minute extracting point. In summary, the findings of this study demonstrate that the content of volatile oil in Artemisiae Argyi Folium extracts gradually decreases with the extension of extraction time, and the variation in volatile oil content directly influences the physicochemical properties and pharmacological efficacy of the medicinal solution. This discovery provides important scientific reference for the optimization of Artemisiae Argyi Folium extraction processes and the development and application of process analytical technologies.
Oils, Volatile/pharmacology* ; Artemisia/chemistry* ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology* ; Chlorogenic Acid/pharmacology* ; Solid Phase Microextraction ; Quality Control

The Ehlers-Danlos syndromes(EDS)are a group of rare hereditary connective tissue disorders characterized by joint hypermobility,skin hyperextensibility,and tissue fragility.The clinical and genetic hetero-geneity of EDS frequently leads to underdiagnosis and misdiagnosis.Genetic testing is an essential approach to clarify the underlying diagnosis.Recent research has preliminarily established genotype-phenotype correlations and introduced the novel concept of"disease spectrum"in some subtypes.These studies deepen our under-standing of EDS etiology and provide important insights into clinical management.Published in 2023,the Chinese Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of the Ehlers-Danlos Syndromes(the Guidelines)recommend performing genetic testing with deep phenotyping for patients who meet the clinical diagnostic criteria or are sus-pected of having EDS.However,it should be noted that the clinical diagnosis might differ from the molecular diagnosis.Furthermore,cutting-edge approaches such as periodic data reanalysis,integration of RNA sequen-cing into family-based whole-genome sequencing,and third-generation sequencing may facilitate the reclassifi-cation of variants of uncertain significance or resolve undiagnosed cases.This article summarizes recent progress in the genetics research of EDS,with the hope of offering a valuable resource for clinical diagnosis,treatment and scientific research to optimize the quality of life of patients with EDS.

Although indigenous malaria has been eliminated in Wuhan since 2013,imported malaria remains a potential threat as an infectious source of local malaria transmission.The epidemiological and clinical characteristics of imported malaria are particularly important in areas where local malaria has been eliminated.This study was aimed at analyzing the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of imported malaria in Wuhan from 2012 to 2019,to provide a basis for further improving the preven-tion and control of imported malaria.Patients in Wuhan diagnosed with imported malaria from January 1,2012,to December 31,2019,were included in this study.A case-control study was con-ducted to analyze the features of patients with severe malaria.Uni-variate and multivariate logistic regression was used to identify risk factors for prolonged hospital length of stay(LOS).Among 229 imported malaria cases,212(92.6％)were in Chinese citizens,and most cases were in men(96.5％).The gender ratio is 28:1,and the age of cases is mainly concertrated between 18 and 50 years old(89.1％).More than 80％of patients were mi-grant workers,and most cases were infections from African countries(92.6％).Plasmodium falciparum(80.8％)was the dominant species.Fifty-three severe malaria cases were identified during the study period.Compared with uncomplicated cases,severe cases tended to occur in patients with no history of malaria(P=0.008),patients infected with Plasmodium falciparum(P=0.009),and patients who were initially misdiagnosed(P＜0.001).The median LOS was 6 days,and the species of infec-tion(Plasmodium falciparum),the use of antimalarial drugs(group B),antipyretic time(longer than 3 days),and the turn-around time of blood smear microscopy(longer than 3 days)were significantly associated with longer LOS(all P＜0.05).Al-though malaria has been eradicated in Wuhan for many years,imported cases continue to pose a threat.Efforts should be made to strengthen malaria knowledge education for outbound personnel.Additionally,medical institutions must enhance diagnosis and treatment capabilities for malaria,and adhere to standardized treatment processes,and the development of drug resistance and occurrence of severe malaria must be prevented.

Objective:To explore the understanding on health-related quality of life(HRQoL)among the Chinese populations and to develop a HRQoL conceptual framework that can be used to guide the development of Chinese HRQoL instruments.Methods:Respondents of Chinese general population and patients populations were recruited from 31 provinces in China.One-to-one semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted to collect the views and perceptions on HRQoL.Based on the grounded theory,multi-level coding of qualitative interviews was carried out,and the framework method was used to sort out and summarize the coding to develop the HRQoL conceptual framework in China.Results:A total of 68 respondents were included in the study.The study extracted 1 558 open coding from the qualitative interview,which were analyzed and sorted into 180 axial coding and 31 selective coding(dimensions).The HRQoL conceptual framework for the Chinese population with 6 themes was finally summarized.Conclusions:The HRQoL conceptual framework based on the health concepts and preferences of the Chinese population contains 6 themes,refers to symptoms,physical function,emotion,cognition,activities and social function.In particular,the items of appetite,sleep and fatigue identifies may reflect Chinese cultural specific perceptions on important aspects of HRQoL.

Establish a production line with controllable process and high intelligence, contribute to improve the quality and production efficiency of aconite processed by microwave, and promote the transformation and application of aconite processed by microwave. According to the principle of aconite detoxification and the characteristics of industrial microwave equipment, an industrial production line of aconite processed by microwave was established with diester alkaloids and monoester alkaloids as indicators, and pilot production was carried out. At the same time, the content of active constituents and efficacy were compared with that of the main processed products, such as Shengfupian, Baifupian and Heishunpian. The results showed that the industrial production of aconite processed by microwave can be divided into two stages: "Liquid seal to detoxification - drying and puffing". The content of monoester alkaloids in 10 batches of aconite processed by microwave was 0.071%-0.166% and the content of diester alkaloids was 0.004%-0.016%, which met the relevant requirements of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia in 2020. Compared with Heishunpian and Baifupian, the retention rate of the effective components of aconite processed by microwave was higher. Pharmacological experiments showed that aconite processed by microwave not only retained the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of Heishunpian and Baifupian, but also significantly increased the levels of leukocytes and lymphocytes in mice with liver cancer chemotherapy, enhanced the CD4/CD8 ratio in spleen cells of mice (P < 0.05), thus regulating the body's immunity. However, this effect of Baifupian was weak, while Heishunpian and Shengfupian had no such effect. Through the above research, this study established microwave processing line with controllable process and high intelligence, as well produced the aconite processed by microwave with low toxicity and stable quality. It laid a foundation for the industrialized continuous production and clinical positioning of aconite by microwave processed, and provided scientific support for the development and application of microwave technology in the field of traditional Chinese medicine. All animal experiments in this study were reviewed and approved by the Experimental Animal Ethics Committee of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine before being carried out (Approval No. 2020-28).

Humans ; Anniversaries and Special Events ; Hypersensitivity

Zona Incerta ; Prefrontal Cortex ; Fear ; Neural Pathways

OBJECTIVES: By retrospective study of the epidemiological characteristics of sports-related sudden death (SrSD), the risk factors associated with SrSD were analyzed and explored to provide a scientific basis for comprehensive prevention and treatment of SrSD. METHODS: The personal information (sex, age, occupation, etc.), case information (time, place, type of sports, relative time between SrSD occurrence and exercise, etc.), death related information (sign or prodrome, medical history and surgical history, etc.), rescue situation (witnesses, on-site assistance, the availability of paramedics, etc.) of 374 SrSD cases in Guangdong Province from 2017 to 2021 were collected. Statistical analysis was conducted aiming at the key factors. RESULTS: In the 374 cases, there were significantly more males than females (19.78:1); the number of people aged between >39 and 59 was the largest (151, 40.37%); non-manual workers (68.98%) were more than manual workers; the top three sports with the highest number cases were basketball (34.49%), running (19.52%) and badminton (12.03%); from 3 pm to 9 pm (63.10%) was the time period with the highest incidence of events; sudden death mainly occurred during exercise (75.27%) and within 1 h after exercise (20.05%); the on-site rescue rate was very low (6.15%); the rate of autopsies was extremely low (1.07%); sudden cardiac death was the most common cause (67.11%). CONCLUSIONS SrSD is most common in males aged >39 to 59 years old, mostly in non-manual workers, and usually occurs in basketball and running. Sudden death is more likely to occur during exercise and within 1 h after exercise. Therefore, the above potential risk factors should be focused on and studied in daily comprehensive prevention and treatment to provide scientific basis for accurate prevention and first aid of such sudden death.
Adult ; Autopsy ; China/epidemiology* ; Death, Sudden, Cardiac/prevention & control* ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Sports

Physical exercise can reduce the overall risk of cardiovascular disease, prolong lifespan and improve the quality of life, but some studies have shown that there is a certain correlation between vigorous physical exercise and sudden cardiac death. A number of retrospective or prospective studies on sports-related sudden cardiac death (SrSCD) have been conducted at home and abroad. This article reviews the related studies on the definition, epidemiological characteristics, common causes of SrSCD and effects of excercise on cardiovascular function, pre-exercise screening and evaluation of SrSCD, in order to understand the latest research progress on SrSCD and provide clues and references for SrSCD research.
Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Prospective Studies ; Quality of Life ; Incidence ; Death, Sudden, Cardiac/prevention & control*

OBJECTIVES: To study the clinical features and prognosis of children and their family members with family clusters of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron variant infection under the admission mode of parent-child ward. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed on the medical data of 190 children and 190 family members with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant infection who were admitted to Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, the designated hospital for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), April 8 to May 10, 2022. RESULTS: Both the child and adult groups were mainly mild COVID-19, and the proportion of mild cases in the child group was higher than that in the adult group (P<0.05). Respiratory symptoms were the main clinical manifestations in both groups. Compared with the adult group, the child group had higher incidence rates of fever, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and wheezing (P<0.05) and lower incidence rates of nasal obstruction, runny nose, cough, dry throat, throat itching, and throat pain (P<0.05). Compared with the child group, the adult group had higher rates of use of Chinese patent drugs, traditional Chinese medicine decoction, recombinant interferon spray, cough-relieving and phlegm-eliminating drugs, and nirmatrelvir/ritonavir tablets (P<0.05). Compared with the adult group, the child group had a lower vaccination rate of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (30.5% vs 71.1%, P<0.001) and a shorter duration of positive SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid (P<0.05). The patients with mild COVID-19 had a shorter duration of positive SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid than those with common COVID-19 in both groups (P<0.05). The patients with underlying diseases had a longer duration of positive SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid than those without such diseases in both groups (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Both children and adults with family clusters of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant infection manifest mainly mild COVID-19. Despite lower vaccination rate of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in children, they have rapid disease recovery, with a shorter duration of positive SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid than adults, under the admission mode of parent-child ward.
Adult ; Humans ; COVID-19/epidemiology* ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Cough ; Retrospective Studies ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; China/epidemiology* ; Family ; Nucleic Acids